peplexicon

Peplexicon guide · GLP-1 medicines

What are GLP-1s, really?

Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, and Zepbound all copy signals your gut sends after a meal. Newer ones, sometimes called “GLP-3s,” copy more than one. Here is what each one does, what the big studies found, and what nobody knows yet.

Choose your depth

The essentials in plain language. Your reading level. The same underlying facts.

Start with the names Skip to: compare them all

This page explains research. It is not medical advice, and it can’t tell you which medicine fits you. We last checked whether each medicine is approved on September 24, 2026.

Which signals each medicine copiesTap a name
ExenatidePramlintideLiraglutideDulaglutideLixisenatideSemaglutideTirzepatide“GLP-2”OrforglipronCagriSemaMazdutideRetatrutide“GLP-3”SurvodutideMariTideAmycretinCagrilintidePemvidutideAlbiglutideDanuglipron
  • Approved
  • Still being tested
  • Stopped
  • Copies a signal
  • Blocks a signal

Semaglutide

FDA-approved

The best-known one. It is in Ozempic and Wegovy shots, taken once a week, and in daily pills. It is used for type 2 diabetes and weight. In big studies it also lowered heart and kidney problems.

Copies
GLP-1
How it’s taken
Injection or pill · Weekly or daily

Ozempic was approved in December 2017, Rybelsus in 2019, Wegovy in 2021, Wegovy tablets in December 2025, and a higher-dose Wegovy injection in March 2026.

Open the Semaglutide page →Compare with the others ↓

01The names, decoded

There is no hormone called GLP-3.

Online, people number these medicines by how many body signals they copy. It’s a handy shortcut. But it borrows real hormone names and gets them wrong. Here is what each name really means.

GLP-1 pillTwo kinds

Some pills hold the same medicine as the shot. One is brand new.

Rybelsus and the Wegovy pill hold semaglutide, the same medicine as Ozempic. A helper gets a little of it through the stomach, so it must be taken on an empty stomach. Foundayo is different. It is a small chemical, not a peptide, and can be taken with food.

Pills

02Where the signals come from

Four signals, sent when you eat.

After a meal, your gut and pancreas send out small signals. They tell your body to handle sugar and tell your brain you’ve had enough. The medicines on this page copy one or more of these four.

Body signal

GLP-1

Made by
Cells lining the gut, after you eat.
What it does
Helps the body release insulin when blood sugar is high, and helps you feel full.

Body signal

GIP

Made by
Cells at the top of the gut, after you eat.
What it does
Also helps release insulin after meals. It also talks to fat tissue and the brain.

Body signal

Glucagon

Made by
The pancreas, when blood sugar runs low.
What it does
Tells the liver to release stored sugar. It also makes the body burn more energy.

Body signal

Amylin

Made by
The pancreas, together with insulin, after you eat.
What it does
Helps you feel full sooner and slows the stomach.

One recipe, two different results

Glicentin · not activeOxyntomodulinGLP-1GLP-2SignalGRPPGlucagonIP-1GLP-1IP-2GLP-2150100150180Building blocks along the chain (1 to 180)
  • GLP-1Helps release insulin and makes you feel full. Most of the medicines on this page copy it.
  • GLP-2Helps the gut lining grow and absorb food. It is not a weight signal.
  • OxyntomodulinGlucagon with a short tail attached. It weakly switches on both the GLP-1 and glucagon signals.

Your body makes one long chain, then cuts it into pieces. The gut and the pancreas cut it in different places. That’s why GLP-1 and glucagon are cousins, and why GLP-1 got its name: “glucagon-like.”

03The whole family

Every GLP-1 medicine, side by side.

Tap any row to learn more. The coloured dots show which body signals each medicine copies. Some are approved. Some are still being tested. A few were stopped.

The GLP-1 familyChecked September 24, 2026
18 medicines
GLP-1 family medicines and the body signals they copy
MedicineGLP-1GIPGlucagonAmylinHow it’s takenStatusFirst approved
CopiesDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyInjection
Twice daily		FDA-approved2005
Doesn’t copyDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyCopiesInjection
Before major meals		FDA-approved2005
CopiesDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyInjection
Once daily		FDA-approved2010
CopiesDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyInjection
Once weekly		FDA-approved2014
CopiesDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyInjection
Once daily		FDA-approved2016
CopiesDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyInjection or pill
Weekly or daily		FDA-approved2017
GLP-1

In plain words

The best-known one. It is in Ozempic and Wegovy shots, taken once a week, and in daily pills. It is used for type 2 diabetes and weight. In big studies it also lowered heart and kidney problems.

Ozempic was approved in December 2017, Rybelsus in 2019, Wegovy in 2021, Wegovy tablets in December 2025, and a higher-dose Wegovy injection in March 2026.

Open the Semaglutide page →

Brand names

  • OzempicOnce-weekly injection. Type 2 diabetes; lowers heart-event risk and kidney-disease worsening in specified adults with type 2 diabetes.
  • Rybelsus · Ozempic tabletsOnce-daily tablet, taken fasting. Type 2 diabetes; lowers heart-event risk in adults at high risk. The two brands are not dose-for-dose substitutes.
  • Wegovy injectionOnce-weekly injection. Weight reduction in adults and children 12 and older; heart-event risk reduction in adults with heart disease; MASH with moderate-to-advanced fibrosis (accelerated approval).
  • Wegovy tabletsOnce-daily tablet, taken fasting. Weight reduction in adults; heart-event risk reduction in adults with heart disease.

Where this comes from

CopiesCopiesDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyInjection
Once weekly		FDA-approved2022
CopiesDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyPill
Once daily		FDA-approved2026
CopiesDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyCopiesInjection
Once weekly		Waiting for FDA decision—
CopiesDoesn’t copyCopiesDoesn’t copyInjection
Once weekly		Approved outside the U.S.—
CopiesCopiesCopiesDoesn’t copyInjection
Once weekly		Still being tested—
CopiesDoesn’t copyCopiesDoesn’t copyInjection
Once weekly		Still being tested—
CopiesBlocksDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyInjection
Monthly or less often		Still being tested—
CopiesDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyCopiesInjection or pill
Weekly or daily (in trials)		Still being tested—
Doesn’t copyDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyCopiesInjection
Once weekly		Still being tested—
CopiesDoesn’t copyCopiesDoesn’t copyInjection
Once weekly		Still being tested—
CopiesDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyInjection
Once weekly		Stopped2014
CopiesDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyDoesn’t copyPill
Once or twice daily		Stopped—
  1. Byetta, the first GLP-1 medicine, and Symlin, the first amylin copy.
  2. Victoza: one shot a day.
  3. More weekly shots, and Saxenda becomes the first for weight.
  4. Ozempic.
  5. Rybelsus, the first GLP-1 pill.
  6. Wegovy, for weight.
  7. Mounjaro copies two signals at once.
  8. Wegovy shown to lower heart risk; first generic GLP-1.
  9. Ozempic for kidneys, Wegovy for fatty liver, and the Wegovy pill.
  10. Foundayo, the first GLP-1 pill that isn’t a peptide.

04What they do in the body

One signal, many places.

These signals don’t act in just one spot. Pick a medicine to see which parts of the body it reaches. Some effects come from basic science. Others were shown in large studies of people.

Signal map of the bodyShowing Semaglutide
Faded boxes are signals the chosen medicine doesn’t copy.
“Body science” means it comes from how the signal works. “Shown in studies” means large studies of people measured it. A dash means no clear role there.
Part of the bodyGLP-1GIPGlucagonAmylin
BrainMakes you feel full and less hungry. It can also cause queasiness.
Body science		Found in hunger areas too. Animal studies hint it may ease queasiness.
Body science		—Makes you feel full sooner.
Body science
StomachSlows how fast food leaves the stomach.
Body science		——Also slows the stomach.
Body science
PancreasReleases more insulin, but only when blood sugar is high. Keeps glucagon low.
Body science		Also releases insulin when blood sugar is high.
Body science		—Keeps glucagon from rising after meals.
Body science
LiverLess fat in the liver, mostly from weight loss. One big study showed liver healing.
Shown in studies		—Tells the liver to release sugar and burn more fat.
Body science		—
Body fat and energy—Talks to fat cells about storing fat. How this helps weight loss is still argued about.
Body science		Makes the body burn a little more energy.
Body science		—
HeartFewer heart attacks and strokes in some big studies. Heart rate goes up a little.
Shown in studies		—Can make the heart beat faster.
Body science		—
KidneysKidney damage got worse more slowly in one big study.
Shown in studies		———

“Body science” means it comes from how the signal works. “Shown in studies” means large studies of people measured it. A dash means no clear role there.

05How long they last

From two minutes to one week.

Your body’s own GLP-1 is gone in about two minutes. That is why it can’t work as a medicine. Chemists changed it so it lasts hours, days, or a whole week. That is why some are daily shots and others are weekly.

How long each one lasts
  1. Your own GLP-1about 2 minutes
  2. about 48 minutes
  3. 2.4 hours
  4. about 3 hours
  5. about 13 hours
  6. 29–49 hours
  7. about 5 days
  8. about 5 days
  9. about 5 days
  10. about 1 week

Each bar shows how long it takes for half of a dose to be cleared. Longer lasting means fewer shots.

  • Swap one building blockThe body’s cutting tool snips GLP-1 at one spot. Changing that spot keeps it whole for longer.
  • Add a fatty tailA fatty tail lets the medicine hitch a ride on a common blood protein. That hides it from the kidneys.
  • Join it to something bigAttaching the signal to a large protein makes it too big to filter out quickly.
  • Build a pill from scratchSome new pills aren’t peptides at all. They are small chemicals that still press the GLP-1 switch.

06What the big studies found

How much weight people lost.

These are the main studies people ask about. Each one tested a medicine against a dummy shot or pill. Numbers show the average. Many people lost more, and some lost less.

Weight lost in the big studies
Thick bar: the medicine. Thin grey bar: the dummy. Striped: an early, smaller study. “Early results” come from the maker and haven’t been checked by other scientists yet.

  1. SCALE Big study · 56 weeks

    Liraglutide, daily shot

    Adults without diabetes

    8.0%

    2.6% · dummy

  2. STEP 1 Big study · 68 weeks

    Semaglutide, weekly shot

    Adults without diabetes

    14.9%

    2.4% · dummy

  3. SURMOUNT-1 Big study · 72 weeks

    Tirzepatide, weekly shot

    Adults without diabetes

    20.9%

    3.1% · dummy

  4. Retatrutide phase 2 Early study · 48 weeks

    Retatrutide, weekly shot

    Adults without diabetes

    24.2%

    2.1% · dummy

  5. ATTAIN-1 Big study · 72 weeks

    Orforglipron, daily pill

    Adults without diabetes

    11.2%

    2.1% · dummy

  6. GLORY-1 Big study · 48 weeks

    Mazdutide, weekly shot

    Adults in China

    14.0%

    0.3% gained · dummy

  7. MariTide phase 2 Early study · 52 weeks

    MariTide, monthly shot

    Adults without diabetes

    16.2%

    2.5% · dummy

  8. OASIS 4 Big study · 64 weeks

    Semaglutide, daily pill

    Adults without diabetes

    13.6%

    2.2% · dummy

  9. REDEFINE 1 Big study · 68 weeks

    CagriSema, weekly shot

    Adults without diabetes

    20.4%

    3.0% · dummy

  10. SURMOUNT-5 Big study · 72 weeks

    Tirzepatide vs semaglutide

    Adults without diabetes

    20.2%

    13.7% · semaglutide

  11. SYNCHRONIZE-1 Big study · 76 weeks

    Survodutide, weekly shot

    Adults without diabetes

    13.0%

    5.4% · dummy

  12. TRIUMPH-1 Big study · 80 weeks · early results

    Retatrutide, weekly shot

    Adults without diabetes

    25.0%

    3.9% · dummy

Don’t rank these bars. Each study had different people, for a different length of time. Only a study that tests two medicines against each other can say which works better. The SURMOUNT-5 row is one of those.

A “dummy” (placebo) looks like the medicine but has none in it. Everyone in these studies also got advice on eating and exercise.

Beyond weight: heart, kidneys, liver, and sleep

07Side effects and safety

What to know before anything else.

Most side effects are in the stomach and gut, and they often ease with time. A few problems are rare but serious. Where a medicine comes from matters just as much.

Rare but serious

  • Pancreatitis. This is a swollen pancreas. Bad stomach pain that won’t go away, sometimes into the back, needs to be checked right away.
  • Gallbladder problems. Gallstones are more common, especially with fast weight loss.
  • Kidney strain. Throwing up or diarrhea can dry you out and strain the kidneys.
  • Low blood sugar. This mostly happens when used with insulin or some other diabetes pills.
  • Thyroid tumors in animals. Most of these shots carry a warning because rats and mice got thyroid tumors. Nobody knows if this happens in people. People with a family history of a rare thyroid cancer, or a gland condition called MEN 2, should not use them.
  • Surgery and sleep medicine. Food can stay in the stomach longer. Tell the care team before any procedure where you will be put to sleep.
  • Eyes. Diabetes eye disease got worse in some people. Europe lists a very rare eye-nerve problem as a side effect of semaglutide.
  • Mood. Early reports raised worries about suicidal thoughts. After large reviews found no link, the FDA had that warning taken off weight-loss labels in 2026.

Where it comes from matters

  • Compounded copies aren’t approved. Pharmacies made copies during shortages. The FDA says they are not FDA-reviewed. The shortages ended in 2024 and 2025. Some people took 5 to 20 times the right amount by mistake.
  • “Research use only” vials aren’t medicine. Websites sell peptides like retatrutide “for research.” They are not approved for people, and nobody checks what is in them or how much.
  • Fake pens have turned up. The FDA has found fake Ozempic pens in the U.S. supply chain more than once.

This is not medical advice. This page explains research. Only a clinician who knows your health can say whether one of these medicines is right for you, and at what dose. How we decide what to publish →

08What we still don’t know

The honest gaps.

These medicines are well studied. But some big questions don’t have answers yet. Here are the ones researchers are still working on.

  1. What happens after many years.Most weight studies lasted about a year and a half. Heart studies ran a few years. Studies that follow people for a decade or more are still rare.
  2. What happens when people stop.In one study, people who stopped regained about two-thirds of the weight they had lost within a year. How to stop well is still an open question.
  3. Muscle as well as fat.Some of the weight people lose is muscle. How much that matters for strength, especially in older people, isn’t clear yet.
  4. Who responds, and who gets side effects.No test can yet say who will lose a lot, who will lose a little, or who will feel sick.
  5. Whether more signals are better.Medicines that copy two or three signals led to more weight loss in their own studies. Head-to-head tests and long-term safety data are still coming.
  6. Pregnancy, teens, and older adults.Few studies included pregnant people. Some medicines were tested in teens, but long-term effects on growing bodies are still being studied.
  7. Uses beyond weight and blood sugar.Researchers are testing these medicines for drinking and other conditions, with mixed results. Two big studies found semaglutide did not slow memory loss in early Alzheimer’s disease.

09Go deeper

Open a medicine’s full page.

Each page lists what is known about one medicine, with links to where each fact came from.

SemaglutideGLP-1 receptor agonist1046facts checked against sources197sources· updated Sep 10, 2026TirzepatideDual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist298facts checked against sources91sources· updated Sep 12, 2026RetatrutidePeptide84facts checked against sources27sources· updated Sep 12, 2026LiraglutideGLP-1 receptor agonist376facts checked against sources93sources· updated Sep 12, 2026DulaglutidePeptide162facts checked against sources44sources· updated Sep 12, 2026ExenatideGLP-1 receptor agonist231facts checked against sources57sources· updated Sep 12, 2026OrforglipronSmall molecule154facts checked against sources40sources· updated Sep 12, 2026CagriSemaTwo-peptide combination60facts checked against sources22sources· updated Sep 11, 2026CagrilintidePeptide98facts checked against sources34sources· updated Sep 11, 2026SurvodutidePeptide55facts checked against sources22sources· updated Sep 9, 2026MazdutidePeptide72facts checked against sources27sources· updated Sep 11, 2026LixisenatidePeptide107facts checked against sources38sources· updated Sep 12, 2026PramlintideAmylin analog56facts checked against sources13sources· updated Sep 9, 2026AlbiglutidePeptide72facts checked against sources30sources· updated Sep 12, 2026AmycretinPeptide21facts checked against sources9sources· updated Sep 9, 2026DanuglipronSmall molecule70facts checked against sources21sources· updated Sep 9, 2026PemvidutidePeptide33facts checked against sources7sources· updated Sep 9, 2026

Numbers come straight from the lexicon and update as new research is checked.

Where to go next

One medicine at a time.

Each medicine has its own page, with its own labels, studies, and side effects. Start with semaglutide, the most studied. Or see how any peptide medicine is made and tested in the Peptide Lab.

Open the semaglutide pageVisit the Peptide Lab

What this page can’t do

  • This is not medical advice.It can’t tell you whether to start, stop, or switch a medicine.
  • Averages aren’t predictions.Your result could be very different from a study average.
  • Things change fast.We last checked approvals on September 24, 2026. A pharmacist can tell you today’s status.
Every source on this page (87)

Reference

  1. UniProt P01275: Pro-glucagon (human), processed peptides
  2. Eng J et al. Isolation and characterization of exendin-4 from Heloderma suspectum venom. J Biol Chem. 1992
  3. Coskun T et al. LY3437943, a novel triple glucagon, GIP, and GLP-1 receptor agonist. Cell Metab. 2022
  4. Pratt E et al. Orforglipron (LY3502970), an oral non-peptide GLP-1 receptor agonist: phase 1 study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024

Review

  1. Holst JJ. The physiology of glucagon-like peptide 1. Physiol Rev. 2007
  2. Drucker DJ. Mechanisms of action and therapeutic application of GLP-1. Cell Metab. 2018
  3. Samms RJ et al. How may GIP enhance the therapeutic efficacy of GLP-1? Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2020
  4. Müller TD et al. The new biology and pharmacology of glucagon. Physiol Rev. 2017
  5. Hay DL et al. Amylin: pharmacology, physiology, and clinical potential. Pharmacol Rev. 2015

Trial

  1. Pi-Sunyer X et al. A randomized, controlled trial of 3.0 mg of liraglutide in weight management (SCALE). N Engl J Med. 2015
  2. Wilding JPH et al. Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity (STEP 1). N Engl J Med. 2021
  3. Wilding JPH et al. Weight regain and cardiometabolic effects after withdrawal of semaglutide: the STEP 1 extension. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022
  4. Jastreboff AM et al. Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity (SURMOUNT-1). N Engl J Med. 2022
  5. Jastreboff AM et al. Triple–hormone-receptor agonist retatrutide for obesity—a phase 2 trial. N Engl J Med. 2023
  6. Aronne LJ et al. Tirzepatide as compared with semaglutide for the treatment of obesity (SURMOUNT-5). N Engl J Med. 2025
  7. Wharton S et al. Oral semaglutide at a dose of 25 mg in adults with overweight or obesity (OASIS 4). N Engl J Med. 2025
  8. Garvey WT et al. Coadministered cagrilintide and semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity (REDEFINE 1). N Engl J Med. 2025
  9. Wharton S et al. Orforglipron, an oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist for obesity treatment (ATTAIN-1). N Engl J Med. 2025
  10. Jastreboff AM et al. Once-monthly maridebart cafraglutide for the treatment of obesity—a phase 2 trial. N Engl J Med. 2025
  11. Ji L et al. Once-weekly mazdutide in Chinese adults with obesity or overweight (GLORY-1). N Engl J Med. 2025
  12. le Roux CW et al. Survodutide once weekly for the treatment of adults with obesity (SYNCHRONIZE-1). N Engl J Med. 2026
  13. Bajaj HS et al. Retatrutide in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with diet and exercise (TRANSCEND-T2D-1). Lancet. 2026
  14. Marso SP et al. Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (LEADER). N Engl J Med. 2016
  15. Marso SP et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN-6). N Engl J Med. 2016
  16. Gerstein HC et al. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND). Lancet. 2019
  17. Lincoff AM et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes (SELECT). N Engl J Med. 2023
  18. Perkovic V et al. Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (FLOW). N Engl J Med. 2024
  19. Kosiborod MN et al. Semaglutide in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity (STEP-HFpEF). N Engl J Med. 2023
  20. Sanyal AJ et al. Phase 3 trial of semaglutide in metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (ESSENCE). N Engl J Med. 2025
  21. Malhotra A et al. Tirzepatide for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and obesity (SURMOUNT-OSA). N Engl J Med. 2024
  22. Packer M et al. Tirzepatide for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity (SUMMIT). N Engl J Med. 2025
  23. Nicholls SJ et al. Cardiovascular outcomes with tirzepatide versus dulaglutide in type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-CVOT). N Engl J Med. 2025
  24. Dahl K et al. Amycretin, a unimolecular GLP-1 and amylin receptor agonist, administered subcutaneously: phase 1b/2a. Lancet. 2025
  25. Gasiorek A et al. First-in-class GLP-1 and amylin receptor agonist amycretin given orally: phase 1. Lancet. 2025
  26. Sanyal AJ et al. A phase 2 randomized trial of survodutide in MASH and fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2024
  27. McGuire DK et al. Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk type 2 diabetes (SOUL). N Engl J Med. 2025
  28. Pfeffer MA et al. Lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome (ELIXA). N Engl J Med. 2015
  29. Hernandez AF et al. Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes). Lancet. 2018
  30. Noureddin M et al. Pemvidutide in MASH (IMPACT): phase 2b trial. Lancet. 2025

Sponsor

  1. Novo Nordisk. evoke and evoke+ phase 3 topline results in early Alzheimer’s disease, 24 Nov 2025
  2. Novo Nordisk: Saxenda brand discontinuation notice
  3. GSK: Harmony Outcomes results and albiglutide discontinuation, 2018
  4. Novo Nordisk files for FDA approval of CagriSema, Dec 2025
  5. Novo Nordisk interim report, Q2 2026 (SEC Form 6-K)
  6. Eli Lilly quarterly report, Q2 2026 (SEC Form 10-Q)
  7. Innovent: mazdutide approved by China’s NMPA for chronic weight management, Jun 2025
  8. Novo Nordisk interim report, Q1 2026 (SEC Form 6-K)
  9. Eli Lilly: retatrutide TRIUMPH-1 phase 3 topline results, May 21, 2026 (not yet peer reviewed)
  10. Eli Lilly Q2 2026 sales and earnings release (SEC Form 8-K exhibit)
  11. Eli Lilly: What to know about retatrutide
  12. Novo Nordisk: phase 3 data for cagrilintide and advancement into a dedicated programme, Sep 2025
  13. Altimmune second-quarter 2026 update (SEC Form 8-K exhibit)
  14. Pfizer: update on oral GLP-1 receptor agonist danuglipron, Apr 14, 2025
  15. Pfizer: topline phase 2b results for twice-daily danuglipron, Dec 2023

Label

  1. Byetta (exenatide) prescribing information, DailyMed
  2. Exenatide injection (Amneal, generic of Byetta) prescribing information, DailyMed
  3. Soliqua 100/33 (insulin glargine and lixisenatide) prescribing information, DailyMed
  4. Adlyxin (lixisenatide) prescribing information, FDA, 11/2024
  5. Victoza (liraglutide) prescribing information, DailyMed
  6. Saxenda (liraglutide) prescribing information, DailyMed
  7. Trulicity (dulaglutide) prescribing information, DailyMed
  8. Tanzeum (albiglutide) prescribing information, FDA, 08/2017
  9. Ozempic (semaglutide) prescribing information, DailyMed
  10. Wegovy (semaglutide) injection and tablets prescribing information, DailyMed
  11. Rybelsus and Ozempic tablets (oral semaglutide) prescribing information, DailyMed
  12. Mounjaro (tirzepatide) prescribing information, DailyMed
  13. Zepbound (tirzepatide) prescribing information, DailyMed
  14. Foundayo (orforglipron) prescribing information, DailyMed
  15. SymlinPen (pramlintide) prescribing information, DailyMed
  16. Gattex (teduglutide) prescribing information, DailyMed

Regulator

  1. FDA: sponsor notice of permanent discontinuation of Byetta and Bydureon BCise (2024)
  2. FDA approves first generic once-daily GLP-1 injection (liraglutide), Dec 2024
  3. FDA approves first treatment to reduce risk of serious heart problems specifically in adults with obesity or overweight, Mar 2024
  4. FDA approves first medication for obstructive sleep apnea, Dec 2024
  5. FDA approves first new molecular entity under National Priority Voucher program (orforglipron), Apr 2026
  6. FDA requests removal of suicidal behavior and ideation warning from GLP-1 receptor agonist labels, Jan 2026
  7. EMA PRAC: NAION a very rare side effect of semaglutide medicines, Jun 2025
  8. FDA’s concerns with unapproved GLP-1 drugs used for weight loss
  9. FDA alert: dosing errors with compounded semaglutide, Jul 2024
  10. FDA warns consumers not to use counterfeit Ozempic found in the U.S. drug supply chain
  11. FDA clarifies policies for compounders as national GLP-1 supply stabilizes
  12. FDA warning letter to Gram Peptides (tirzepatide sold as “GLP-2 peptide”), Mar 31, 2026
  13. FDA warning letter to Mile High Compounds (“GLP-2 TRZ”, “GLP-3 RT”), Mar 31, 2026

Registry

  1. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07220642: RENEW 1 (cagrilintide)
  2. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07339423: AMAZE 1 (amycretin)
  3. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07795164: PERFORMA (pemvidutide in MASH)
  4. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06858839: MARITIME-1 (maridebart cafraglutide)