At a glance
What is it—and why does it matter?
Pramlintide (Symlin) is a synthetic version (analog) of the hormone amylin. In human studies, pramlintide (as an amylin analog) slows stomach emptying, reduces the after-meal rise in plasma glucagon, and increases satiety leading to lower calorie intake. In type 1 diabetes, HbA1c dropped by about the same amount with pramlintide and placebo at week 29. Do not use SYMLIN if there is serious allergy to it/components, hypoglycemia unawareness, or confirmed gastroparesis.
Each sentence above is copied from a published claim presentation. The links open its evidence record.
Think of Pramlintide as the active molecule. The named products below are specific ways that molecule is formulated, approved, and used. [1]Regulatory labelSymlinPen prescribing informationDailyMed label including the boxed warning and patient-selection requirements.
Simple guide
Pramlintide, in plain English
The main points from the published research. Each one links to the source it comes from.
What it is
A lab-made peptide that copies amylin, a natural signal involved in appetite and after-meal blood sugar.
Pramlintide’s listed sequence is YTNSGVNTPPLIPGFNNSSHVLFNALRQTACTATNCK.
Source for this finding
“Component 1: YTNSGVNTPPLIPGFNNSSHVLFNALRQTACTATNCK”
PRAMLINTIDE
- Status
- FDA-approved ingredient
- Approved use
- Used only in carefully selected insulin-treated patients who can follow glucose monitoring and insulin-adjustment instructions.
What the research looks like
Most published findings come from studies in people.
- 11 People 24%
- 3 Animals or lab 7%
- 31 Other or unclear 69%
Counts show where findings come from, not how strong they are. Animal and lab findings are counted together because study types have not been labelled for this profile yet.
What studies in people found
CHEMBL2103758 activated human CTR in transduced HeLa cells with EC50 = 0.3311 nM.
Source for this finding
“Molecule: CHEMBL2103758 Target: Calcitonin receptor (CHEMBL1832) Assay: Agonist activity at human CTR transduced in human HeLa cells by cAMP assay Assay format: cell-based format Standard result: EC50 = 0.3311 nM pChEMBL value: 9.48 Document: CHEMBL5523739”
ChEMBL activities for CHEMBL2103758For AMY2 (human), pramlintide was tested by measuring ligand-induced cAMP production in COS and HEK293 cells.
Source for this finding
“Assay: Measuring ligand-induced cAMP production in COS and HEK293 cells.”
IUPHAR interactions for pramlintidePeople on pramlintide lost weight while people on placebo gained weight.
Source for this finding
“and weight (pramlintide -1.3 +/- 0.30, placebo +1.2 +/- 0.30 kg; P < 0.0001).”
A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing pramlintide treatment in the setting of intensive insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes.Pramlintide significantly reduces body weight in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Source for this finding
“Pramlintide significantly reduces hemoglobin A(1c) and body weight in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.”
Pramlintide and the treatment of diabetes: a review of the data since its introduction.The study aimed to test pramlintide dose escalation (with insulin reductions) for safety, effectiveness, and tolerability in type 1 diabetes.
Source for this finding
“To assess safety, efficacy, and tolerability of pramlintide dose escalation with proactive mealtime insulin reduction, followed by insulin optimization, in patients with type 1 diabetes.”
A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing pramlintide treatment in the setting of intensive insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes.
What animal and lab studies suggest
Not proven in people. Results in animals or cells often do not hold up in humans.
Pramlintide was degraded at both the N- and C-termini, producing multiple stable metabolites that could be detection targets.
Source for this finding
“All three peptides underwent N-terminal and C-terminal degradation, yielding multiple stable metabolic products suitable as detection targets.”
In vitro metabolic profiling of weight-loss-inducing amylin receptor agonists in the context of preventive doping research.
Safety
Severe hypoglycemia can occur when pramlintide is used with insulin, especially in type 1 diabetes; risk-reduction instructions and patient selection are central to the label.
Serious risks listed on the product label:
- Severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia
- Medication errors involving insulin
- Delayed absorption of concomitant oral medicines
Do not use SYMLIN if you have had a serious allergy to it or its components, have hypoglycemia unawareness, or have confirmed gastroparesis.
Source for this finding
“SYMLIN is contraindicated in patients with any of the following:•serious hypersensitivity reaction to SYMLIN or to any of its product components.•hypoglycemia unawareness.•confirmed gastroparesis.”
These highlights do not include all the information needed to use SYMLIN safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for SYMLIN.SYMLIN®(pramlintide acetate) injection for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005If SYMLIN is mixed in one syringe with some insulins, pramlintide levels can change (up to a 40% lower Cmax and up to a 36% higher AUC0-∞).
Source for this finding
“The effects of premixing on pramlintide pharmacokinetics varied across the different insulin products with a maximum decrease of 40% in pramlintide Cmaxand a maximum increase of 36% in pramlintide AUC0-∞.”
These highlights do not include all the information needed to use SYMLIN safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for SYMLIN.SYMLIN®(pramlintide acetate) injection for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005Do not mix SYMLIN with insulin; give them as separate injections.
Source for this finding
“SYMLIN and insulin should always be administered as separate injections.SYMLIN should not be mixed with any type of insulin.”
These highlights do not include all the information needed to use SYMLIN safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for SYMLIN.SYMLIN®(pramlintide acetate) injection for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005
How it's used
These describe specific products as labelled or studied. They are not dosing instructions.
Inject SYMLIN under the skin right before each major meal (at least 250 kcal or at least 30 grams of carbohydrate).
Source for this finding
“SYMLIN should be administered subcutaneously immediately prior to each major meal (≥250 kcal or containing ≥30 grams of carbohydrate).”
These highlights do not include all the information needed to use SYMLIN safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for SYMLIN.SYMLIN®(pramlintide acetate) injection for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005In type 1 diabetes: reduce mealtime insulin by 50%, start SYMLIN 15 mcg under the skin before each major meal, and increase stepwise (30, 45, or 60 mcg) if there’s no clinically significant nausea for at least 3 days.
Source for this finding
“Reduce mealtime insulin doses by 50%, then initiate SYMLIN at 15 mcg subcutaneously, injecting immediately prior to each major meal.Increase the SYMLIN dose to the next increment (30, 45, or 60 mcg) when no clinically significant nausea has occurred for at least 3 days.”
These highlights do not include all the information needed to use SYMLIN safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for SYMLIN.SYMLIN®(pramlintide acetate) injection for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005
What we don't know
This profile does not list specific open questions yet.
A missing finding does not mean something is safe or effective.
Identity + structure
A molecule, not a product name.
| Preferred name | Pramlintide | Ingredient |
|---|---|---|
| Pharmacologic class | Amylin analog | Profile record |
| Peptide structure | 37 amino acids | Profile record |
| Also indexed as | pramlintide · pramlintide acetate · amylin analog | Search aliases |
Mechanism + clinical pharmacology
What it does in the body.
Slows gastric emptying, suppresses inappropriate post-meal glucagon secretion, and increases satiety, reducing postprandial glucose excursions. [1]Regulatory labelSymlinPen prescribing informationDailyMed label including the boxed warning and patient-selection requirements.
See all 56 findings and sourcesEvery finding, grouped by topic, with its exact source passages
Evidence ledger
What the evidence says.
These are evidence statements, not individualized medical instructions. Product, dose, population, and study context remain attached to each source.
Study findings
What studies observed in defined populations, comparators, and time periods.
CHEMBL2103758 activated human CTR in transduced HeLa cells with EC50 = 0.3311 nM.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
For AMY2 (human), pramlintide was tested by measuring ligand-induced cAMP production in COS and HEK293 cells.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
3 cited passages across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
People on pramlintide lost weight while people on placebo gained weight.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Pramlintide significantly reduces body weight in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
The study aimed to test pramlintide dose escalation (with insulin reductions) for safety, effectiveness, and tolerability in type 1 diabetes.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
At human CT receptor, pramlintide shows pEC50 8.3 (EC50 5.495x10 -9).
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
4 cited passages across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Pramlintide significantly reduces hemoglobin A(1c) in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
CHEMBL2103758 activated human AMY1R (CTR/RAMP1) in transduced HeLa cells with EC50 = 0.02188 nM.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
In type 1 diabetes, HbA1c dropped by about the same amount with pramlintide and placebo at week 29.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Mechanism
Source-backed statements about targets, pathways, and biological response.
In human studies, pramlintide (as an amylin analog) slows stomach emptying, reduces the after-meal rise in plasma glucagon, and increases satiety leading to lower calorie intake.
1 cited source · 1 regulatory record
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record.
Pramlintide is likely digested in an infant’s gastrointestinal tract.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Pharmacokinetics
How the studied compound is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and cleared.
Pramlintide has a short half-life.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Pramlintide is likely broken down in an infant’s gut.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Pramlintide’s half-life in healthy people is about 48 minutes.
1 cited source · 1 regulatory record
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record.
Pramlintide was degraded at both the N- and C-termini, producing multiple stable metabolites that could be detection targets.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Pramlintide was broken down at both the N- and C-termini, producing multiple stable metabolites that could be used as detection targets.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Pramlintide is unlikely to pass into breastmilk in clinically important amounts because it has a high molecular weight.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Safety findings
Observed or labeled risks, adverse effects, and safety signals.
Using SYMLIN with insulin raises the risk of severe hypoglycemia, especially in people with type 1 diabetes, and severe episodes are seen within 3 hours after a SYMLIN injection.
1 cited source · 1 regulatory record
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record.
SYMLIN by itself does not cause hypoglycemia.
1 cited source · 1 regulatory record
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record.
Using SYMLIN with insulin raises the risk of severe low blood sugar, especially in type 1 diabetes, and it is seen within 3 hours after an injection.
1 cited source · 1 regulatory record
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record.
Contraindications
Circumstances in which a specific product label says it should not be used.
Do not use SYMLIN if you have had a serious allergy to it or its components, have hypoglycemia unawareness, or have confirmed gastroparesis.
1 cited source · 1 regulatory record
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record.
Do not use SYMLIN if you have a serious allergy to it or its ingredients, hypoglycemia unawareness, or confirmed gastroparesis.
1 cited source · 1 regulatory record
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record.
Do not use SYMLIN if there is serious allergy to it/components, hypoglycemia unawareness, or confirmed gastroparesis.
1 cited source · 1 regulatory record
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record.
Interactions
Source-backed product and drug interaction statements.
If SYMLIN is mixed in one syringe with some insulins, pramlintide levels can change (up to a 40% lower Cmax and up to a 36% higher AUC0-∞).
1 cited source · 1 regulatory record
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record.
Do not mix SYMLIN with insulin; give them as separate injections.
1 cited source · 1 regulatory record
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record.
Never mix SYMLIN and insulin; give them as separate injections because mixing can change how both work and may lead to poor glucose control or hypoglycemia.
1 cited source · 1 regulatory record
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record.
Regulatory status
Product-, indication-, and jurisdiction-specific regulatory records.
SYMLIN is approved as an add-on treatment for people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who use mealtime insulin and still have not reached desired glucose control.
1 cited source · 1 regulatory record
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record.
Administration
Product-specific route, timing, formulation, and use instructions—not universal dosing advice.
Inject SYMLIN under the skin right before each major meal (at least 250 kcal or at least 30 grams of carbohydrate).
1 cited source · 1 regulatory record
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record.
SYMLIN should be injected under the skin right before each major meal (≥250 kcal or ≥30 grams of carbohydrate).
1 cited source · 1 regulatory record
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record.
Dose records
Product- and indication-specific dose statements preserved separately to prevent unsafe generalization.
In type 1 diabetes: reduce mealtime insulin by 50%, start SYMLIN 15 mcg under the skin before each major meal, and increase stepwise (30, 45, or 60 mcg) if there’s no clinically significant nausea for at least 3 days.
1 cited source · 1 regulatory record
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record.
In type 1 diabetes, start SYMLIN at 15 mcg under the skin right before each major meal, after cutting mealtime insulin by 50%.
1 cited source · 1 regulatory record
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record.
In type 2 diabetes on mealtime insulin: reduce mealtime insulin by 50%, start SYMLIN 60 mcg under the skin before each major meal, and raise to 120 mcg if there’s no clinically significant nausea for at least 3 days.
1 cited source · 1 regulatory record
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record.
When starting SYMLIN, cut mealtime insulin doses (including premixed insulin) by 50% to lower hypoglycemia risk.
1 cited source · 1 regulatory record
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record.
SYMLIN comes as a sterile injection in SymlinPen 60 (1.5 mL) and SymlinPen 120 (2.7 mL), each with 1000 mcg/mL pramlintide (as acetate).
1 cited source · 1 regulatory record
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record.
In type 2 diabetes on mealtime insulin, start SYMLIN at 60 mcg under the skin right before each major meal, after cutting mealtime insulin by 50%.
1 cited source · 1 regulatory record
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record.
Identity
Ingredient, molecule, and product identity statements.
Pramlintide’s listed sequence is YTNSGVNTPPLIPGFNNSSHVLFNALRQTACTATNCK.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Pramlintide is a peptide (Ligand ID 7482) with INN pramlintide.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Pramlintide was based on the structure of non-aggregating rat amylin.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Pramlintide (ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL2103758) is listed as a protein.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Pramlintide is a human amylin analogue with proline substitutions at positions 25, 28, and 29.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Pramlintide is a human amylin analogue.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Pramlintide (Symlin) is a synthetic version (analog) of the hormone amylin.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Pramlintide is a synthetic version of human amylin; it is an acetate salt of a 37-amino-acid peptide with proline substitutions at positions 25, 28, and 29 versus human amylin.
1 cited source · 1 regulatory record
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record.
Pramlintide’s molecular formula is C171H267N51O53S2.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Amylin is a 37–amino acid peptide hormone released from pancreatic beta cells with insulin after meals.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Additional research & classification gaps
11 archived statements are kept separate from drug-effect findings. Media studies, economic models, methods, and records with unresolved scope are not used as medical-effect evidence.
Inspect contextual research (11)
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Pramlintide lowers 2-hour after-meal blood glucose by between 3.4 and 5 mmol/L.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Review of pramlintide as adjunctive therapy in treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Pramlintide, a synthetic analog of amylin, reduces 2-hour postprandial blood glucose between 3.4 and 5 mmol/L,
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Pramlintide is unlikely to reach clinically important levels in an infant’s serum because it is likely digested in the infant’s gastrointestinal tract.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- pubmed-30000033
so it is unlikely to reach the clinically important levels in infant serum.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Pramlintide lowers A1C by 0.2% to 0.7%.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Review of pramlintide as adjunctive therapy in treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
reduces A1C by 0.2% to 0.7%
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Pramlintide does not change fasting glucose levels.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Review of pramlintide as adjunctive therapy in treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
has no effect on fasting glucose levels.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Postprandial glucose excursions negatively affect glycemic control and markers of cardiovascular health.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Pramlintide and the treatment of diabetes: a review of the data since its introduction.
Postprandial glucose excursions negatively affect glycemic control and markers of cardiovascular health.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Pramlintide is also known as AC-0137, AC0137, AC-137, AC137, Pramlintida, Pramlintide, and Tripro-amylin.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- PRAMLINTIDE
AC-0137; AC0137; AC-137; AC137; Pramlintida; Pramlintide; Tripro-amylin
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
2 cited passages across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Marketed pramlintide is the acetate salt.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- IUPHAR ligand commentary
The marketed medicine is the acetate salt
- IUPHAR ligand commentary
The marketed medicine is the acetate salt ( PubChem CID 16132446 ).
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Marketed pramlintide is the acetate salt (PubChem CID 16132446).
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- IUPHAR ligand commentary
The marketed medicine is the acetate salt ( PubChem CID 16132446 ).
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Amylin lowers blood sugar by reducing glucagon, slowing stomach emptying, and reducing food intake.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Review of pramlintide as adjunctive therapy in treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Amylin lowers serum glucose by decreasing glucagon release, slowing gastric emptying and decreasing food intake.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Amylin works with insulin to slow gastric emptying.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- IUPHAR ligand commentary
The neuroendocrine hormone amylin acts in conjunction with insulin to delay gastric emptying
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Amylin inhibits glucagon release.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- IUPHAR ligand commentary
and inhibit the release of glucagon.
Safety + tolerability
Risks, organized for scanning.
Severe hypoglycemia can occur when pramlintide is used with insulin, especially in type 1 diabetes; risk-reduction instructions and patient selection are central to the label. [1]Regulatory labelSymlinPen prescribing informationDailyMed label including the boxed warning and patient-selection requirements.
Contraindications
- Hypoglycemia unawareness
- Confirmed gastroparesis
- Serious hypersensitivity
Common effects
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Anorexia
Serious risks
- Severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia
- Medication errors involving insulin
- Delayed absorption of concomitant oral medicines
Structured from current product labeling [1]Regulatory labelSymlinPen prescribing informationDailyMed label including the boxed warning and patient-selection requirements.
Products + regulatory context
Same ingredient. Different records.
| Product | Form | Profile scope | Record |
|---|---|---|---|
| SymlinPen | Premeal subcutaneous injection | Adjunct to mealtime insulin in selected adults whose desired glucose control has not been achieved. | [1]Regulatory labelSymlinPen prescribing informationDailyMed label including the boxed warning and patient-selection requirements. |
Do not infer dosing, interchangeability, or an approved use from the ingredient name alone. Open the current label for the exact product and presentation.
Administration, interactions + monitoring
The practical clinical context.
- Administration boundary
- Separate premeal subcutaneous injection; never mixed with insulin. Initiation requires a substantial label-directed mealtime insulin reduction and close monitoring. [1]Regulatory labelSymlinPen prescribing informationDailyMed label including the boxed warning and patient-selection requirements.
Research status + gaps
What still needs better answers.
Some extracted findings are not shown because they did not pass Peplexicon's automated evidence checks.
How Peplexicon reads evidence
- Authority
- What kind of source is making the statement?
- Independence
- Do multiple citations represent separate studies—or the same evidence repeated?
- Directness
- Does the population, product, dose, outcome, and time horizon match the claim?
- Consistency
- Do credible sources support, qualify, or contradict one another?
References + discovery
Open the records yourself.
- 1Regulatory labelSymlinPen prescribing informationOpen ↗
DailyMed label including the boxed warning and patient-selection requirements.
- 2Literature indexEvery PubMed result for pramlintideOpen ↗
Live National Library of Medicine literature search; results are not pre-screened or deduplicated.
- 3Trial registryEvery registered study for pramlintideOpen ↗
Live ClinicalTrials.gov search, including completed, active, and historical records.