Semaglutide Evidence Ledger

At a glance

What is it—and why does it matter?

Semaglutide works as a GLP-1 receptor agonist and increases insulin release after eating. Semaglutide-associated hsCRP reductions correlated with weight loss magnitude, but the timing suggests hsCRP decreases can occur early (by 4 and 8 weeks) and are not entirely dependent on weight loss. Semaglutide (Ozempic) commonly causes gastrointestinal adverse effects (diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea) affecting more than 1 in 10 people, typically mild-to-moderate and short in duration.

Evidence behind this overview

[1][2][3]

Each sentence above is copied from a published claim presentation. The links open its evidence record.

ClassGLP-1 receptor agonist

Structure31 amino acids

StatusFDA-approved ingredient

Products in this profile3

The important boundary

Indications are product-specific. The ingredient should never be treated as one interchangeable dosing record across Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus. [1]

Identity + structure

A molecule, not a product name.

Chemical identity and product identity are kept separate so evidence does not leak between formulations or indications.

Preferred name	Semaglutide	Ingredient
Pharmacologic class	GLP-1 receptor agonist	Profile record
Peptide structure	31 amino acids	Profile record
Also indexed as	semaglutide · GLP-1 analog	Search aliases
Molecular formula	C187H291N45O59 [1]	Regulatory label
Molecular weight	4,113.58 g/mol [1]	Regulatory label
PubChem CID	56843331 [5]	Chemical record
UNII	53AXN4NNHX [5]	Chemical record
ChEBI	CHEBI:167574 [5]	Chemical record
ATC code	A10BJ06 [5]	Chemical record
Primary target	GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) [7]	Target database

Mechanism + clinical pharmacology

Target, response, and disposition.

Primary explanation

Activates GLP-1 receptors, increasing glucose-dependent insulin secretion, reducing glucagon, lowering energy intake through appetite pathways, and delaying early postprandial gastric emptying. [1]

Parameter	Reference value	Why it matters
Half-life	Approximately 1 week [1]	Supports prolonged exposure; the current label states semaglutide may remain in circulation for roughly 5–7 weeks after the last dose at specified presentations.
Protein binding	>99% albumin-bound [1]	Albumin binding decreases renal clearance and protects the molecule from degradation.
Subcutaneous bioavailability	89% [1]	Maximum concentration is reached about 1–3 days after a subcutaneous dose in the current Wegovy label.
Oral bioavailability	Approximately 1–2% [1]	Oral absorption is formulation- and administration-dependent and occurs predominantly in the stomach.
Metabolism	Proteolysis plus fatty-acid beta-oxidation [1]	Semaglutide-related material is excreted through urine and feces; a small fraction is excreted unchanged in urine.

Evidence ledger

What the evidence says.

786 profile findings. Contextual and unclassified research is listed separately below. Open each citation to inspect the source and its limitations.

These are evidence statements, not individualized medical instructions. Product, dose, population, and study context remain attached to each source.

Study findings

What studies observed in defined populations, comparators, and time periods.

361 statements

Source-backed statement

Semaglutide increased the proportion of participants achieving at least 15% weight loss at week 68 compared with placebo.

Sources[21]

Sources[8]

Sources[144]

Sources[49]

Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

A cell-based luciferase reporter assay in BHK cells expressing human GLP-1R measured semaglutide functional potency as pEC50 11.2, corresponding to EC50 = 6.2x10 -12.

Sources[27]

Sources[49]

Sources[165]

Source-backed statement

An in vivo efficacy readout in a C57BL/6 diet-induced obesity model reported 13.4 % body weight reduction relative to control after subcutaneous CHEMBL2108724 dosing (25 nmol/kg every two days for 21 days).

Sources[8]

In stratified analyses by baseline depression severity, semaglutide initiation was associated with a decrease in PHQ-9 among people with HIV who had moderately-severe to severe baseline depression (-4.7; 95% CI -7.3, -2.2).

Sources[122]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The authors conclude that high-dose oral semaglutide produced consistent and substantial weight reductions, while noting limitations from low-to-moderate certainty and absence of head-to-head comparisons that restrict comparative inference.

Sources[125]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In a retrospective cohort analysis of US EHR data, semaglutide initiation was associated with a lower clinician-recorded composite cognitive signs/symptoms score over 12 months compared with no antidiabetic treatment.

Sources[167]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Semaglutide’s anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects were assessed in a non-diabetic renal fibrosis setting using an in vitro HK-2 cell system and in vivo murine UUO and aging models.

Sources[171]

An organism-based high-fat diet obesity model reports that CHEMBL2108724 reduced body fat content relative to control when dosed subcutaneously at 25 nmol/kg every two days for 21 days, with Activity = 25.5 %.

Sources[8]

Source-backed statement

In this utilization dataset, incidence of GLP-1RA use increased in adolescents (12-17 years), from 1.7 to 72 per 100,000 across the study period.

Sources[47]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The trial specified two coprimary efficacy endpoints: (1) percentage change in body weight and (2) the proportion achieving ≥5% weight loss.

Sources[21]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

The reported effect of semaglutide in this ob/ob mouse study includes reductions in both body weight and food intake, with comparable magnitude across sexes.

Sources[80]

Sources[21]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Food-group analysis from the dietary questionnaire showed significant reductions in consumption of fats and oils, seasonings and spices, and sweets and snacks after semaglutide treatment.

Sources[114]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In a diet-induced obesity mouse model, the abstract reports that daily oral dosing of SGT-M at 5 mg/kg produced a 30.3% body-weight reduction.

Sources[173]

Both semaglutide treatment and pair-feeding were associated with increased folliculogenesis in female rats in this study.

Sources[201]

Per the indication, OZEMPIC is used for glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes and for reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes who have established cardiovascular disease.

Sources[18]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Among adults with type 1 diabetes and obesity, semaglutide compared with AID use alone improved attainment of a composite endpoint combining CGM time-in-range (>70%), time below range (<4%), and at least 5% body-weight reduction.

Sources[33]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

In brain tissue homogenates from diabetic rats, semaglutide treatment was associated with reduced oxidative stress (MDA), inflammation markers (TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2), and pro-apoptotic markers (Bax, Caspase-3), alongside increased antioxidant markers (catalase, GSH) and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, relative to untreated diabetic rats.

Sources[185]

Sources[66]

Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

A statistical association was observed between total lean mass loss and body weight loss (R2= 0.36; p < 0.001), indicating shared variance between these changes.

Sources[115]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The study operationalized major adverse liver outcomes as a composite endpoint and analyzed time-to-first occurrence.

Sources[162]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Semaglutide resulted in a larger mean absolute weight reduction (kg) at week 68 than placebo, with an estimated treatment difference of -12.7 kg (95% CI, -13.7 to -11.7).

Sources[21]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

A meta-analysis of human-derived in vitro studies found GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure was associated with improved mitochondrial bioenergetics measures (e.g., ATP-linked oxygen consumption/respiration/ATP production), with a standardized mean difference of 1.109.

Sources[87]

In STEP 9 (n= 407), the change from baseline in mean WOMAC pain at 68 weeks was reported as -41.7 points for semaglutide 2.4 mg and -27.5 points for placebo.

Sources[146]

Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Treatment response to GLP-1RAs and dual GLP-1/GIP agonists shows substantial interindividual heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes and obesity, creating challenges for clinical management.

Sources[172]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In male ob/ob mice, semaglutide-induced weight loss was accompanied by relatively minor reductions in skeletal muscle mass.

Sources[80]

Sources[67]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In stratified analyses by baseline depression severity, the moderately-severe to severe group (baseline PHQ-9 ≥15) had lower PHQ-9 scores after semaglutide initiation: -4.7 (95% CI -7.3 to -2.2).

Sources[122]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Sources[171]

In preclinical mouse models (B6/ob and DIO), a comparative regimen was used: CT130 dosed biweekly versus semaglutide dosed weekly, to assess metabolic efficacy outcomes.

Sources[204]

Sources[139]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Mechanism

Source-backed statements about targets, pathways, and biological response.

130 statements

Source-backed statement

The authors propose a developmental mechanism: GLP-1–associated weight loss (with agents such as semaglutide) may attenuate the typical rapid accrual of muscle and bone during adolescence.

Sources[110]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Study flow is reported as 1547 records identified, 1203 screened post-deduplication, 17 eligible studies, with 11 entering quantitative synthesis of mitochondrial outcomes.

Sources[87]

Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Ac-semaglutide is reported to extend the duration of cAMP signaling downstream of GLP1R activation.

Sources[95]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The abstract links IDE-mediated GLP-1 degradation (not insulin degradation) to regulation of glucose control as a major mechanism.

Sources[183]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Sources[66]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The introduction frames preoperative exposure to GLP-1 receptor agonists as an unaddressed confounding factor that could bias comparative analyses of bariatric surgery outcomes across age groups.

Sources[178]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Semaglutide’s weight-loss mechanism is described as appetite reduction, delayed gastric emptying, and decreased energy intake.

Sources[107]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The OWLiver® metabolomics algorithms are described as enabling non-invasive staging of MASLD severity, avoiding liver biopsy.

Sources[103]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The in vitro system used hydrogen peroxide to induce senescence in mouse lung epithelial cells, followed by semaglutide treatment.

Sources[66]

Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The METHODS describe a narrative review synthesizing multiple evidence sources to evaluate structured dietetic care alongside GLP-1 RA (or related incretin-based) weight-management therapy in adults.

Sources[187]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Within the murine UUO model, semaglutide-associated effects corresponded to inhibition of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.

Sources[171]

Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In this study, “hunger pain” is a patient-applied term describing severe hunger with persistent lack of satiety and intrusive food-related thoughts.

Sources[160]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Semaglutide’s weight-loss mechanism is described as appetite reduction, delayed gastric emptying, and reduced energy intake.

Sources[107]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The abstract indicates that adding a ketone ester alongside semaglutide blocked the semaglutide-associated alterations in mitochondrial gene expression and atrophy-related gene expression.

Sources[49]

Sources[8]

Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The authors distinguish GLP-1 receptor agonists from tolvaptan mechanistically, implying different biological targets rather than a shared surrogate pathway.

Sources[81]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In the murine aging model, semaglutide was among the drugs associated with mitigation of G2/M cell-cycle arrest.

Sources[171]

Bone marrow evaluation reported preserved overall cellularity but interruption of granulocytic maturation at the promyelocyte/myelocyte stage.

Sources[174]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The in vivo component used a bleomycin-induced mouse lung fibrosis model treated with semaglutide while probing mechanism via HSF1 knockdown (shRNA) or pharmacologic Sirt1 inhibition.

Sources[66]

A GLP-1R-engaging segment derived from semaglutide was used as a starting motif for scaffold construction.

Sources[136]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In the mouse model, LPS was associated with reduced AKT O-GlcNAcylation and reduced AKT–mTOR signaling, alongside increased mTOR–gephyrin binding, altered GABAAR localization, increased neuronal apoptosis, and reduced synaptic plasticity.

Sources[165]

Within the mechanistic findings reported, LPS exposure decreased AKT O-GlcNAcylation and suppressed downstream AKT-mTOR signaling activity.

Sources[165]

Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Semaglutide enhances glucose-dependent pancreatic insulin secretion in response to food intake.

Sources[24]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

The experimental system was an intracerebroventricularly induced LPS inflammatory neurocognitive impairment mouse model.

Sources[165]

Sources[109]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Sources[197]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Safety findings

Observed or labeled risks, adverse effects, and safety signals.

27 statements

Source-backed statement

Frequently reported adverse effects (more than 1 in 10 people) include gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea) described as mild-to-moderate and of short duration.

Sources[23]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Sources[18]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Immunogenicity testing in placebo- and active-controlled glycemic control trials identified anti-drug antibody development to semaglutide in a subset of treated patients.

Sources[14]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Immunogenicity data indicate anti-drug antibodies occurred in 0.5% of semaglutide tablet-treated patients across specified trials, with 0.2% showing cross-reactivity to native GLP-1.

Sources[13]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Semaglutide (Ozempic) commonly causes gastrointestinal adverse effects (diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea) affecting more than 1 in 10 people, typically mild-to-moderate and short in duration.

Sources[23]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Nonclinical findings report rodent thyroid C-cell tumors that increase with dose and treatment duration at clinically relevant exposures; human risk is stated as unknown.

Sources[20]

Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

A thorough QTc trial assesses effects on cardiac repolarization; the label states no QTc prolongation with semaglutide up to 1.5 mg at steady state.

Sources[19]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

The boxed warning states a rodent carcinogenicity finding (dose- and duration-dependent thyroid C-cell tumors at clinically relevant exposures) while noting human relevance is not determined and human risk is unknown.

Sources[18]

Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

The source notes a risk of worsening diabetic retinopathy with Rybelsus in some patients.

Sources[24]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Immunogenicity testing in clinical trials detected anti-drug antibodies in 0.5% of semaglutide tablet-treated patients; the label reports no identified clinically significant pharmacokinetic impact, while noting limited information for other effects.

Sources[13]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

The source highlights a safety risk for worsening diabetic retinopathy and states an associated monitoring approach for affected patients.

Sources[24]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

The label explicitly states human risk is unknown; rodent findings may not translate to humans.

Sources[13]

Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Sources[18]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

Sources[15][16]

Regulatory record

2 cited sources · 2 regulatory records

Sources[19]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

Sources[13]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

Sources[14]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

Sources[14]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

Sources[23]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

Sources[201]

Sources[137]

Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Semaglutide is categorized as a GLP-1 receptor agonist, and it is stated to be approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Sources[75]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Semaglutide in Ozempic is a peptide drug that acts as a human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (also described as a GLP-1 analog).

Sources[20]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Semaglutide is classified as a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist.

Sources[45][171][22][167]

Sources[168]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Additional research & classification gaps

260 archived statements are kept separate from drug-effect findings. Media studies, economic models, methods, and records with unresolved scope are not used as medical-effect evidence.

Inspect contextual research (260)

Trial registration · not results

2 cited sources · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

2 cited passages across 2 source records.

The administration schedule for semaglutide in this entry is once-weekly dosing, following standard-of-care practice.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

These highlights do not include all the information needed to use OZEMPIC®safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for OZEMPIC.OZEMPIC (semaglutide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2017
•Administer OZEMPIC once weekly, on the same day each week, at any time of the day, with or without meals.•Inject OZEMPIC subcutaneously to the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm.
Combatting Muscle Loss in Obese Adult Patients on GLP-1 Medications Through Dietary Counseling and Exercise During Treatment
DRUG | Semaglutide | FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist administered once weekly per standard of care

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The review attributes the indirectness of much incretin evidence in OSA to trial designs focused on obesity/cardiometabolic endpoints rather than sleep-related endpoints.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Incretin-Based Therapies in Obesity-Related Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Narrative Review of Evidence Tiers and Mechanistic Plausibility.
evidence from other incretin agents also remains largely indirect because most trials were designed for obesity or cardiometabolic endpoints rather than sleep outcomes.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Semaglutide 2.4 mg was cost-effective under a €30,000 per QALY threshold.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
Semaglutide 2.4 mg was shown to be cost-effective under a cost-effectiveness threshold of €30,000/QALY.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

This work set out to assess incremental cost-effectiveness for semaglutide 2.4 mg added to diet and exercise relative to diet and exercise alone, in Spain.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of semaglutide 2.4 mg in combination with D&E compared with D&E alone in the treatment of patients with obesity in Spain.

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

On the JAMA benchmark criteria, TikTok videos scored higher than Bilibili videos, with medians of 3 versus 1 (p< 0.001).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
TikTok videos had significantly higher JAMA scores than Bilibili videos (median 3 vs. 1,p< 0.001),

Analytical / formulation research

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The study cross-checked ATR-FTIR observations with LC-HRMS, reporting consistency across spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and chromatography.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42330703
ATR-FTIR results were complemented by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), showing consistency between the spectroscopic, mass spectrometric and chromatographic data.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

A systematic review/meta-analysis evaluated and compared two formulations (oral vs subcutaneous) of semaglutide in type 2 diabetes management.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Assessment of noninferiority of oral vs subcutaneous semaglutide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta‑analysis is the first to comprehensively compare oral and subcutaneous semaglutide for type 2 diabetes (T2D) management.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Using a decision-analytic model for 1000 US adolescents ages 12 to 26, semaglutide compared with phentermine-topiramate was estimated to cost $166,513 per quality-adjusted life year (ICER) under perfect access assumptions.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42233337
Phentermine-topiramate (vs. lifestyle) yielded an ICER of 2025 US$112,141/QALY, and semaglutide (vs. phentermine-topiramate) yielded $166,513/QALY under perfect access.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In this disproportionality analysis of spontaneous reports, semaglutide had higher reporting odds for eye disorders versus liraglutide and versus dulaglutide, as quantified by RORs with 95% confidence intervals.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Psychiatric and eye disorders associated with use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs).
Eye disorders were more frequently reported with semaglutide than liraglutide (ROR 2.67; 95% CI 1.54-4.63) and dulaglutide (ROR 1.89; 95% CI 1.30-2.75).

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Semaglutide 2.4 mg was not part of the main modeled pharmacotherapy options; it was included as an additional (supplementary) scenario reflecting non-governmental retail use.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42565180
Liraglutide, extended-release naltrexone/bupropion, and extended-release phentermine/topiramate were modeled, while semaglutide 2.4 mg served as a supplementary non-governmental retail scenario.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The conclusion explicitly frames the result as an estimate from model-based analysis: semaglutide 2.4 mg + diet and exercise is a cost-effective therapeutic alternative in Spain for adults with obesity compared with diet and exercise alone.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
On the basis of the model-based analysis, semaglutide 2.4 mg, in combination with D&E, was estimated to be a cost-effective therapeutic alternative in Spain for adults with obesity, compared to treatment based on D&E alone.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In the spontaneous-report disproportionality analysis, semaglutide showed higher reporting odds for suicidal ideation compared with dulaglutide, summarized by an ROR with a 95% confidence interval.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Psychiatric and eye disorders associated with use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs).
Suicidal ideation was disproportionately reported with semaglutide (ROR 6.49; 95% CI 1.57-26.81) and liraglutide (ROR 8.61; 95% CI 1.87-39.45) compared with dulaglutide.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In included cost-effectiveness analyses, semaglutide’s incremental cost-effectiveness was classified as “high value” when compared against liraglutide.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Cost-Effectiveness of Pharmacologic Treatments in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review for the American College of Physicians.
Semaglutide had low value compared with naltrexone-bupropion and phentermine-topiramate and high value compared with liraglutide.

Analytical / formulation research

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The study cross-validated ATR-FTIR observations with liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry, reporting agreement among spectroscopic, mass spectrometric, and chromatographic readouts for semaglutide-containing formulations.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42330703
ATR-FTIR results were complemented by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), showing consistency between the spectroscopic, mass spectrometric and chromatographic data.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The evaluation was a cost-effectiveness comparison between semaglutide 2.4 mg added to diet and exercise and diet and exercise alone, framed for obesity management in Spain.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of semaglutide 2.4 mg in combination with D&E compared with D&E alone in the treatment of patients with obesity in Spain.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The study’s between-group ranking for complete tumour remission placed semaglutide therapy intermediate between the DEAR programme and sleeve gastrectomy, based on reported percentages.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42495930
The DEAR group showed more stable metabolic improvements and the highest complete tumour remission rate (85.0%), followed by the semaglutide group (73.9%) and the sleeve gastrectomy group (60.0%).

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In the interpretation of projected budgets, semaglutide 2.4 mg is treated as a retail (non-governmental) high-cost scenario, distinguishing it from institutional procurement assumptions.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42565180
Liraglutide 3.0 mg and semaglutide 2.4 mg represent high-cost non-governmental retail scenarios rather than expected institutional procurement estimates.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The stated objective is an economic comparison: semaglutide 2.4 mg combined with diet and exercise versus diet and exercise alone, in patients with obesity in Spain.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of semaglutide 2.4 mg in combination with D&E compared with D&E alone in the treatment of patients with obesity in Spain.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Using their cost estimation approach, the authors report a lower estimated cost range for generic injectable semaglutide than for oral formulations, expressed per person-year.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

How Low Could Semaglutide Prices Fall? An Analysis of Production Cost and Implications for Global Access.
Estimated generic injectable costs ranged from $28 to $140 per person-year; oral formulations ranged from $186 to $380 per person-year.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The study frames semaglutide 2.4 mg as representing a high-cost retail (non-governmental) scenario, contrasting with estimates intended to reflect institutional procurement.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42565180
Liraglutide 3.0 mg and semaglutide 2.4 mg represent high-cost non-governmental retail scenarios rather than expected institutional procurement estimates.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

When compared at the class level, semaglutide’s established safety profile is described as similar to other GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Safety of Semaglutide.
the established safety profile for semaglutide is similar to that of other GLP-1RAs

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In included cost-effectiveness analyses, semaglutide’s incremental cost-effectiveness was classified as “low value” when compared against naltrexone-bupropion.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Cost-Effectiveness of Pharmacologic Treatments in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review for the American College of Physicians.
Semaglutide had low value compared with naltrexone-bupropion

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The study design explicitly set out to compare three interventions (lifestyle alone, lifestyle plus semaglutide, and bariatric surgery) using non-invasive hepatic steatosis and fibrosis markers.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Effects of Semaglutide versus Bariatric Surgery on Noninvasive Markers of Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis in Obesity with MASLD.
This study compared the effects of lifestyle therapy, lifestyle plus semaglutide, and bariatric surgery on non-invasive markers of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The review advises that GLP-1-based medications are not intended to function as primary analgesics and should not replace established components of pain assessment and management.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

GLP-1-Based Therapies in Pain Medicine: A Narrative Review and Expert Opinion on Obesity-Related Low Back and Knee Pain.
GLP-1-based medications should not be viewed as primary analgesics or replacements for standard pain evaluation, rehabilitation, pharmacologic care, or interventional treatment.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The analysis of FAERS spontaneous reports included a comparison against semaglutide as a reference drug.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Safety Profile of Tirzepatide in Real-World Clinical Practice: A Pharmacovigilance Study Using the FAERS Database.
Time-to-onset and comparative analyses versus semaglutide were conducted.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In included cost-effectiveness analyses, semaglutide’s incremental cost-effectiveness was classified as “low value” versus phentermine-topiramate.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Cost-Effectiveness of Pharmacologic Treatments in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review for the American College of Physicians.
Semaglutide had low value compared with naltrexone-bupropion and phentermine-topiramate

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Against the specified willingness-to-pay threshold of €30,000 per QALY, the analysis categorized semaglutide 2.4 mg as cost-effective.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
Semaglutide 2.4 mg was shown to be cost-effective under a cost-effectiveness threshold of €30,000/QALY.

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Platform comparison showed stronger JAMA transparency benchmark scores on TikTok than on Bilibili (median 3 vs. 1; p< 0.001), with no reported platform difference for GQS or mDISCERN.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
TikTok videos had significantly higher JAMA scores than Bilibili videos (median 3 vs. 1,p< 0.001), while GQS and mDISCERN scores were comparable between platforms.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Unlike globular protein aggregation (typically driven by the classical hydrophobic effect), the described GLP-1 analog micelle aggregation behavior is presented as distinct in its governing factors.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Anisotropic Electrostatics in the Instability of GLP‑1 Analog Micelles: Effects of Electrolytes, Denaturants, pH, and Temperature.
This behavior contrasts with globular protein aggregation, typically dominated by the classical hydrophobic effect.

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Only 2.7% of the semaglutide-related videos mainly discussed blood-sugar–lowering effects.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
only 2.7% primarily discussed hypoglycemic effects.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Across pooled ESRD data, semaglutide was associated with a mean -7.00 kg body-weight change at 12 months (with CI and heterogeneity reported).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Safety and Efficacy of Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonism-Based Therapies in End-Stage Renal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
and -7.00 kg (95% CI: -11.38, -2.61; I2= 79.2%), respectively.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The abstract attributes beneficial metabolic and cardiovascular actions to semaglutide.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Safety of Semaglutide.
Given the beneficial metabolic and cardiovascular actions of semaglutide

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Both nephrology clinician and community pharmacist validator groups reached more than 70% consensus on face validity assessments.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42602345
Face validity exceeded the 70% consensus threshold for both validator groups.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In meta-regression, baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were not a significant effect modifier of semaglutide’s treatment effects.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Semaglutide for the Silent Phenotype: A Translational Signal in Obesity-Driven HFpEF.
meta-regression analyses did not identify significant modification of treatment effects by baseline C-reactive protein levels

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Over 40 years in the model, semaglutide 2.4 mg plus diet and exercise added 0.1049 QALYs vs diet and exercise alone.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
Compared with D&E, semaglutide 2.4 mg in combination with D&E generated an additional 0.1049 QALYs

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The abstract states that day-of-week timing effects on clinical outcomes, adherence, and tolerability have not been explored for these therapies.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Is There a Better Day of the Week to Administer Semaglutide or Tirzepatide? A Systematic Literature Review.
the potential impact of administration timing-specifically, the day of the week-on clinical outcomes, adherence, and tolerability remains unexplored.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The abstract reports that existing evidence supports early nutrition assessment, protein and diet-quality attention, and coordinated resistance and aerobic exercise in this setting.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Medical nutrition therapy in incretin-treated obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Available evidence supports early nutrition assessment, attention to protein and overall diet quality, and coordinated resistance and aerobic exercise,

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Under the model’s base-case price assumption, probabilistic analysis estimated the probability of semaglutide being cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of 100,000 €/QALY as 0.911.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Cost-Effectiveness and Budget-Impact Analysis of Semaglutide in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity in the German Health-Care System.
At the base-case price, the probability that semaglutide is cost-effective at 100,000 €/QALY was 0.911, rising with further price reductions.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Using the model, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for adding semaglutide 2.4 mg to diet and exercise compared with diet and exercise alone was €25,589/QALY.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €25,589/QALY.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In the model projection over 40 years, adding semaglutide 2.4 mg to diet and exercise increased quality-adjusted life years by 0.1049 compared with diet and exercise alone.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
Compared with D&E, semaglutide 2.4 mg in combination with D&E generated an additional 0.1049 QALYs

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Semaglutide’s oral delivery is limited by gastrointestinal instability, low epithelial permeation, and weak association with lipid-based carriers.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Microfluidic-assisted formulation of hydrophobic ion pairing-based solid lipid nanoparticles for semaglutide delivery.
Despite its clinical efficacy, oral administration remains challenging because of its limited gastrointestinal stability, poor epithelial permeability, and low affinity for lipid-based delivery systems.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The abstract states that GLP-1 receptor agonists (a drug class that includes semaglutide) produce robust and sustained weight loss, while noting that central mechanisms for long-term efficacy are incompletely understood.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42550908
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), including semaglutide, produce robust and sustained weight loss, yet the central mechanisms supporting their long-term efficacy remain incompletely understood.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Higher baseline hsCRP (an inflammation biomarker) was associated with subsequent risk of major adverse cardiovascular events.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42610271
was prognostic of future MACEs.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Among the stapled analogues assessed, 11CP-17B, 11CP-17N, and 11CP-19N were reported to have the most favorable stability profiles.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Design, synthesis, and stability evaluation of semaglutide-derived lactam-stapled peptide scaffolds for GLP-1R targeting.
and 11CP-17B, 11CP-17N, and 11CP-19N showed the most favourable stability profiles.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Compared with originator products, follow-on drug substance and follow-on/compounded products (including semaglutide) showed different impurity profiles, including sequence deletions/additions and unidentified impurities.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Impurities and Potential Immunogenicity Associated With Follow-on and Compounded Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.
The follow-on drug substance and follow-on or compounded products had distinct impurity profiles (amino acid deletions/additions and unidentified impurities) versus the originators.

Analytical / formulation research

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Among nephrology clinician validators, the semaglutide algorithm achieved item-level content validity (I-CVI) from 0.6 to 1.0 and an overall scale-level content validity (S-CVI/Ave) of 0.89 over three rounds.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42602345
For clinicians, the I-CVI ranged from 0.6 to 1.0, with an overall S-CVI/Ave of 0.89 across three rounds.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The abstract states that for GLP-1RAs such as semaglutide, skeletal muscle loss may account for up to 45% of the observed weight loss.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42262870
While glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) like semaglutide are effective in treating obesity, up to 45% of the resulting weight loss can be attributed to skeletal muscle loss.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Post-initiation semaglutide food noise was reported as a median FNQ score of 6 (IQR 3–10).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Retrospective Assessment of Food Noise Changes After Initiation of Injectable Semaglutide for Weight Management in the USA: The INFORM Survey.
After initiation of semaglutide, the median FNQ score was 6 (IQR 3-10).

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In the pooled results, oral semaglutide was associated with an HbA1c reduction of 1.16 percentage points, with a 95% confidence interval from -1.22 to -1.09.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Assessment of noninferiority of oral vs subcutaneous semaglutide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Both formulations of semaglutide significantly reduced the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), that is, oral by 1.16 percentage points (95% CI, -1.22 to -1.09)

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In the interrupted time series, post-initiation triptan consumption decreased, quantified as -13 DDD/month/10,000 (95% CI: -25 to -1.3) and a 12-month relative reduction of 7% (RR 0.93; 0.88-0.97).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42557547
Before initiation, triptan use increased over time; after initiation, this trend reversed, showing a decline of -13 DDD/month/10,000 (95% CI: -25 to -1.3), corresponding to a 7% relative reduction at 12 months (RR 0.93; 0.88-0.97).

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

When aggregation was induced by sodium chloride (NaCl) or guanidinium (Gdn+), it was reported to be semi-irreversible.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Anisotropic Electrostatics in the Instability of GLP‑1 Analog Micelles: Effects of Electrolytes, Denaturants, pH, and Temperature.
Aggregation caused by both NaCl and Gdn+was semi-irreversible.

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In this video sample, weight loss was the dominant topic (82.2%), whereas hypoglycemic effects were rarely the primary focus (2.7%).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
Most videos focused on weight loss (82.2%), while only 2.7% primarily discussed hypoglycemic effects.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Subgroup analysis indicated that the overall decrease was driven chiefly by reduced DDD consumption among prevalent triptan users (RR 0.86; 0.82-0.90), with no stated change in monthly rates of new users.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42557547
This decrease primarily reflected a reduction in DDD consumption among prevalent users (RR 0.86; 0.82-0.90) rather than a change in monthly rates of new users.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The conclusion highlights that modeled adoption of semaglutide would create substantial budget impact, implying affordability and pricing considerations are important for sustainability.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Cost-Effectiveness and Budget-Impact Analysis of Semaglutide in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity in the German Health-Care System.
Yet it generates substantial budget impact, indicating that affordability and pricing will be critical for its sustainable implementation.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In this decision-analytic economic model, semaglutide compared with phentermine-topiramate was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $166,513 per QALY when perfect access was assumed.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42233337
Phentermine-topiramate (vs. lifestyle) yielded an ICER of 2025 US$112,141/QALY, and semaglutide (vs. phentermine-topiramate) yielded $166,513/QALY under perfect access.

Analytical / formulation research

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In community pharmacist validation, every item in the semaglutide algorithm met the predefined content-validity criterion in both rounds, with I-CVI ≥0.83 and P < 0.05.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42602345
Among pharmacists, all items met the prespecified content validity threshold for both rounds (I-CVI ≥0.83; P < 0.05).

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Across all videos, the median ratings were 4.0 (3.0-4.0) on GQS, 4.0 (3.0-5.0) on mDISCERN, and 2.0 (1.0-3.0) on the JAMA benchmark criteria.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
The overall median scores were 4.0 (3.0-4.0) for GQS, 4.0 (3.0-5.0) for mDISCERN, and 2.0 (1.0-3.0) for JAMA.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The abstract attributes limited oral absorption of semaglutide tablets to physicochemical (hydrophilicity) and biological (enzymatic instability) barriers in the gastrointestinal tract.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42349668
oral tablets are more convenient but suffer from limited absorption due to SET's hydrophilicity and enzymatic instability in the gastrointestinal tract

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In the pooled RCT evidence summarized here, the cagrilintide+semaglutide fixed-dose combination (CagriSema) was associated with a lower percentage change in body weight compared with placebo, quantified as a mean difference of -5.98%.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Amylin-based obesity therapy: a meta-analysis of Cagrilintide and CagriSema versus placebo.
CagriSema significantly reduced body weight (MD: -5.98%; MD: -4.68 kg)

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Using national sales and dispensing-based estimates of GLP-1 medicine use for type 2 diabetes in Australia, semaglutide constituted 63.3% of use in May 2024–April 2025.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Trends in publicly subsidized and private access to GLP-1 medicines indicated for type 2 diabetes in Australia, 2020-2025.
In the year May 2024-April 2025, the majority of GLP-1 medicines used were semaglutide (63.3%) and tirzepatide (30.7%).

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The study’s NAION case ascertainment window spans 2018-2024, which frames when semaglutide-exposed and unexposed NAION cases were identified.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42556433
A retrospective, multi-center, case control study of the CDR of NAION cases diagnosed between 2018-2024

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Model outputs linked insulin resistance to mechanosensitivity: higher insulin resistance increased the required stress threshold for activation and lowered the maximum cycling probability under identical mechanical loading.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

A Computational Trial of Dermal Mechanotransduction in GLP-1 Receptor Agonist-Associated Premature Facial Ageing.
Higher IR raised the activation threshold from 36.8 to 47.9 kPa and reduced max cycling probability from 0.34 to 0.21.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Among tested formulations, F10 (semaglutide:DOTAP 1:18; 10% w/w peptide) is reported to achieve sub-300 nm particles with near-complete encapsulation and a highly positive ζ-potential.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Microfluidic-assisted formulation of hydrophobic ion pairing-based solid lipid nanoparticles for semaglutide delivery.
Among the various formulations prepared, the one prepared with a molar ratio semaglutide: DOTAP of 1:18 and a peptide concentration of 10% (w/w) (F10) showed the best results, combining particle sizes of less than 300 nm with almost complete encapsulation efficiency and a highly positive ζ-potential.

Analytical / formulation research

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In community pharmacist validation rounds, every item achieved the predefined content validity criterion, with I-CVI at or above 0.83 and statistical significance reported as P < 0.05.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42602345
Among pharmacists, all items met the prespecified content validity threshold for both rounds (I-CVI ≥0.83; P < 0.05).

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The abstract specifically attributes a reduced risk of worsening heart failure to tirzepatide (a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Medical nutrition therapy in incretin-treated obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
and, for tirzepatide, a lower risk of worsening heart failure.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

When access to care was imperfect in the model, semaglutide’s modeled economic value and health impact decreased: cost-effectiveness fell by 11%, and the modeled share of averted obesity cases declined from 57% to 3%.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42233337
Under imperfect access, cost-effectiveness and health gains were reduced. Cost-effectiveness was reduced by 11%, and averted obesity cases decreased from 57% to 3% for semaglutide.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The economic model reported that incremental cost-effectiveness results varied with assumed medication parameters—costs, efficacy, and discontinuation—relevant to modeled drugs such as semaglutide.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42233337
ICERs were sensitive to medication characteristics (costs, efficacy, discontinuation) and health utilities.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Within the reported analyses, the highest oral semaglutide dose (14 mg) showed a larger reduction in arterial stiffness (CAVI) than lower doses (3 mg and 7 mg).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Dose-dependent effects of oral semaglutide on arterial stiffness and the additive role of SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes.
Oral semaglutide of 14 mg was associated with greater improvement than 3 and 7 mg

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Using national sales and subsidized-dispensing comparisons, the study attributes most growth in private access for GLP-1 medicines indicated for type 2 diabetes to semaglutide (alongside rapid uptake of tirzepatide).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Trends in publicly subsidized and private access to GLP-1 medicines indicated for type 2 diabetes in Australia, 2020-2025.
Since May 2020, total sales of GLP-1 medicines indicated for T2D increased almost 10-fold. Most growth was in private access, driven by semaglutide and rapid uptake of tirzepatide.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In the pooled RCT results summarized, CagriSema (cagrilintide+semaglutide) was associated with lower HbA1c compared with placebo; no effect size is provided in this text.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Amylin-based obesity therapy: a meta-analysis of Cagrilintide and CagriSema versus placebo.
CagriSema significantly reduced body weight (MD: -5.98%; MD: -4.68 kg), waist circumference (MD: -10.91 cm), systolic blood pressure, and HbA1c.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The prespecified primary endpoints were composite histologic outcomes addressing MASH activity (resolution; NAS improvement) and fibrosis (stage improvement), each constrained by ‘no worsening’ of the other domain.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42605535
Primary histological endpoints included resolution of MASH without worsening fibrosis, ≥ 1-point improvement in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score without worsening fibrosis and ≥ 1-stage improvement in fibrosis without worsening MASH.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

At the 2-year follow-up, the proportion with weight regain was higher in the semaglutide therapy group than in the lifestyle (DEAR) group, with a reported p-value of 0.037.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42495930
By 2 years, weight regain was less frequent in the DEAR group (14.3%) than in the semaglutide (55.6%) and sleeve gastrectomy (66.7%) groups (p= 0.037).

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In the meta-analyzed RCT evidence in T2DM, subcutaneous semaglutide 1 mg once-weekly was associated with a greater reduction in fasting blood glucose than placebo at 30 weeks, reported as a mean difference with a 95% confidence interval.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Semaglutide for the treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of safety and efficacy outcomes.
and fasting blood glucose (MD = -1.93, 95% CI [-2.81; -1.04]) versus placebo at 30 weeks

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Semaglutide is reported to mitigate PANoptosis (a programmed cell-death process) in hippocampal neurons.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

HIF-1 plays a dual regulatory role in hippocampal neuronal PANoptosis in Alzheimer's disease via the HK2/VDAC1/NLRP3 axis and RIPK3 signaling.
Finally, we uncovered that semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), mitigates hippocampal neuronal PANoptosis

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The source states semaglutide’s original development was for glycemic control.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist originally developed for glycemic control, has recently gained widespread attention for its weight-loss effects.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

A cohort state-transition (Markov) cost-effectiveness model based on STEP-HFpEF estimated that semaglutide versus placebo increases both costs and quality-adjusted life-years over 5 years, producing an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 30,443 €/QALY and a positive incremental net monetary benefit.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Cost-Effectiveness and Budget-Impact Analysis of Semaglutide in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity in the German Health-Care System.
Over 5 years, semaglutide increased total costs (2025 €) (17,690.5 € versus 12,748.6 €) and QALYs (3.371 versus 3.208), yielding an ICER of 30,443 €/QALY and a positive incremental net monetary benefit.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The review defined its primary endpoint as change in body weight (mean reduction from baseline) following GLP1RA-based therapy in ESRD.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Safety and Efficacy of Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonism-Based Therapies in End-Stage Renal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Primary outcome was mean reduction in body weight from baseline following treatment with GLP1RA-BT.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The approach produced multiple modified peptide products, and analytical measurements (qualitative and quantitative) supported product access and informed matched reactivity between specific radical and disulfide substrates.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Harnessing the Reactivity of Sulfinate Salts With Cystine: An Umpolung Approach to Residue-Specific Peptide Modification.
A library of modified peptides was accessible, as confirmed by qualitative and quantitative analytical data, providing valuable insights into the matched reactivity of specific radical/disulfide substrate pairings.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The optimized self-emulsifying semaglutide formulation is reported to achieve drug loading of 2.64 mg/g.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42349668
high drug loading (2.64 mg/g)

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Total weight loss was analyzed longitudinally up to 3 years post-treatment using inverse probability weighting and mixed linear models, with both intention-to-treat (any GLP-1RA) and per-protocol (1 year continuous GLP-1RA orders) frameworks.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Real-World Effectiveness of Semaglutide and Tirzepatide Compared With Bariatric Surgery.
Total weight loss (TWL) was compared up to 3 years post treatment with inverse probability weighting and mixed linear models. Intention-to-treat (any GLP-1RA) and per-protocol (1 year of continuous GLP-1RA orders) analyses were performed.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

After validation, the semaglutide-specific prescribing algorithm is moving into real-world implementation and evaluation in Nova Scotia community pharmacy clinics.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42602345
Implementation and evaluation in Nova Scotia community pharmacy clinics are underway.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Relative to semaglutide, most stapled analogues exhibited improved stability in serum and improved proteolytic stability.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Design, synthesis, and stability evaluation of semaglutide-derived lactam-stapled peptide scaffolds for GLP-1R targeting.
Most stapled analogues showed improved serum and proteolytic stability relative to semaglutide,

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are described as established therapies for metabolic disease.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42573665
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are established treatments for metabolic disease

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Baseline predictors alone are not sufficient: the review concludes that no single pretreatment characteristic reliably forecasts response.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Responders Vs. Non-Responders or How to Predict the Response to GLP-1 or GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonist Therapy.
No single baseline characteristic reliably predicts response.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

2 cited passages across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The review specified three primary outcomes: change in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), change in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) score, and heart-failure hospitalization.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Semaglutide for the Silent Phenotype: A Translational Signal in Obesity-Driven HFpEF.
Primary outcomes included changes in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) score, and heart-failure hospitalization.
Semaglutide for the Silent Phenotype: A Translational Signal in Obesity-Driven HFpEF.
Primary outcomes included changes in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) score, and heart-failure hospitalization.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The conclusion states that baseline integration of an AI digital assistant was not an independent predictor of improved medication adherence.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42575845
Integrating an AI digital assistant did not independently improve medication adherence;

Research-method context

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The main outcome measured was percent change in body weight from baseline.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Effectiveness & safety of semaglutide in weight reduction in obese nondiabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
The primary outcome was the percentage change in body weight from baseline.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, is presented as therapeutically effective, with oral use constrained by poor bioavailability.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Dual-transporter-targeted oral semaglutide nanomicelles enable enhanced intestinal absorption and metabolic reprogramming in obesity and diabetes.
Although glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), particularly semaglutide (SEMA), exhibit robust therapeutic efficacy, their clinical application is limited by low oral bioavailability.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Photostability testing found that light exposure led to significant differences between compounded semaglutide and originator products in potency (strength), summed impurities, and high-molecular-weight protein content.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Impurities and Potential Immunogenicity Associated With Follow-on and Compounded Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.
Significant disparity in strength, impurity sum, and high-molecular-weight protein level were observed between compounded semaglutide and originator products when exposed to light.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The analysis operationalized medication adherence for semaglutide using an orders-fulfilled threshold over a 183-day window (≥ 6 fulfilled orders).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42575845
The primary endpoint was 6-month medication adherence (≥ 6 orders fulfilled within 183 days).

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Over 40 years in the model, semaglutide 2.4 mg plus diet and exercise cost €2685 more than diet and exercise alone.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
Compared with D&E, semaglutide 2.4 mg in combination with D&E generated an additional 0.1049 QALYs and a €2685 increase in costs over 40 years

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In this cross-sectional sample, the majority of semaglutide-related videos had weight loss as the main focus (82.2%).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
A total of 225 videos were included (107 from Bilibili and 118 from TikTok). Most videos focused on weight loss (82.2%), while only 2.7% primarily discussed hypoglycemic effects.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Pooled ESRD data show semaglutide was associated with a mean BMI reduction of -1.26 kg/m2 at 6 months (CI and I2 reported).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Safety and Efficacy of Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonism-Based Therapies in End-Stage Renal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
-1.26 kg/m2(95% CI: -1.90, -0.62; I2= 0.0%),

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

GLP-1 RAs (with semaglutide listed as an example) are stated to treat Type 2 Diabetes and obesity via glycemic control improvement, appetite suppression, delayed gastric emptying, and weight loss induction.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42434480
GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., semaglutide; GLP-1 RAs) treat Type 2 Diabetes and obesity, mainly by improving glycemic control, suppressing appetite, delaying gastric emptying, and inducing weight loss.

Analytical / formulation research

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Clinician item-level content validity scores ranged from 0.6 to 1.0.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42602345
For clinicians, the I-CVI ranged from 0.6 to 1.0, with an overall S-CVI/Ave of 0.89 across three rounds.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In pooled ESRD analyses, semaglutide was associated with a -3.09 kg/m2 mean BMI reduction at 12 months (CI and high heterogeneity reported).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Safety and Efficacy of Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonism-Based Therapies in End-Stage Renal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
and -3.09 kg/m2(95% CI: -5.28, -0.89; I2= 95.9%), respectively.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for adding semaglutide 2.4 mg to diet and exercise was €25,589 per QALY gained versus diet and exercise alone.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
Compared with D&E, semaglutide 2.4 mg in combination with D&E generated an additional 0.1049 QALYs and a €2685 increase in costs over 40 years, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €25,589/QALY.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The study attributes the predominant contribution to Ramadan dysglycaemia to the post-iftar time window.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

GLP-1 receptor agonist adjunct therapy stabilises Ramadan dysglycaemia in insulin-treated diabetes: a CGM-based study.
Dysglycaemia was driven predominantly by the post-iftar period.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In this narrative review, semaglutide is characterized as contributing indirect evidence from obesity and cardiometabolic research that is relevant to obesity-related obstructive sleep apnea, rather than direct sleep-apnea trial outcomes.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Incretin-Based Therapies in Obesity-Related Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Narrative Review of Evidence Tiers and Mechanistic Plausibility.
Semaglutide provides important indirect obesity and cardiometabolic evidence

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Stratifying by baseline hsCRP showed a graded relationship where higher hsCRP categories corresponded to higher MACE risk; baseline hsCRP also had significant associations with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42610271
The risk of MACEs increased across baseline hsCRP level <2, 2-<10, and ≥10 mg/L subgroups, including significant associations with cardiovascular and all-cause death.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In the interrupted time series, the slope/trend in triptan consumption changed after semaglutide initiation, with an estimated post-initiation decline of -13 DDD/month/10,000 and a 95% CI from -25 to -1.3.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42557547
Before initiation, triptan use increased over time; after initiation, this trend reversed, showing a decline of -13 DDD/month/10,000 (95% CI: -25 to -1.3)

Analytical / formulation research

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The study evaluated ATR-FTIR plus multivariate analysis as a rapid, non-destructive way to monitor structural changes and degradation in formulations containing semaglutide.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42330703
This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analysis as a rapid, non-destructive tool for monitoring structural changes and degradation in formulations containing semaglutide and liraglutide as model compounds.

Analytical / formulation research

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In this proof-of-concept, ATR-FTIR with multivariate analysis was found applicable for rapid stress-condition assessment of peptide medicine behavior, with semaglutide formulations serving as model systems.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42330703
The results confirm the applicability of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis as a powerful tool for rapid assessment of the behavior of peptide medicines under stress conditions.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Pooled evidence in ESRD indicates semaglutide was associated with a -3.68 kg mean body-weight reduction at 6 months (with reported CI and I2).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Safety and Efficacy of Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonism-Based Therapies in End-Stage Renal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
-3.68 kg (95% CI: -5.71, -1.65; I2= 0.0%),

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The meta-analysis reported low between-study heterogeneity for the primary endpoints.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Semaglutide for the Silent Phenotype: A Translational Signal in Obesity-Driven HFpEF.
Between-study heterogeneity was low for primary outcomes

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

At the 2-year assessment, the proportion experiencing weight regain was higher in the semaglutide group than in the DEAR lifestyle programme group, with reported rates of 55.6% versus 14.3% (p= 0.037).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42495930
By 2 years, weight regain was less frequent in the DEAR group (14.3%) than in the semaglutide (55.6%) and sleeve gastrectomy (66.7%) groups (p= 0.037).

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Using a predefined agreement criterion, face validity for the semaglutide prescribing algorithm surpassed the 70% consensus benchmark in both clinician and pharmacist validator groups.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42602345
Face validity exceeded the 70% consensus threshold for both validator groups.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Using the reported incremental costs and QALYs, the model yields an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €25,589 per quality-adjusted life year for semaglutide 2.4 mg + diet and exercise versus diet and exercise alone.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €25,589/QALY.

Analytical / formulation research

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The study concluded that ATR-FTIR with multivariate analysis can rapidly assess stress-related behavior of peptide medicines (including semaglutide-containing formulations).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42330703
The results confirm the applicability of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis as a powerful tool for rapid assessment of the behavior of peptide medicines under stress conditions.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In the meta-analyzed RCT evidence in T2DM, subcutaneous semaglutide 1 mg once-weekly was associated with a greater reduction in HbA1c compared with placebo at 30 weeks, quantified as a mean difference with a reported 95% confidence interval.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Semaglutide for the treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of safety and efficacy outcomes.
SC semaglutide 1 mg once-weekly showed higher reduction in HbA1c(MD = -1.72, 95% CI [-2.32; -1.12]),

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In simulated gastrointestinal conditions, F10 is reported to be stable and to exhibit sustained release behavior.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Microfluidic-assisted formulation of hydrophobic ion pairing-based solid lipid nanoparticles for semaglutide delivery.
The F10 formulation demonstrated good stability under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and a sustained-release profile.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In the pooled results, subcutaneous semaglutide was associated with an HbA1c reduction of 1.4 percentage points, with a 95% confidence interval from -1.47 to -1.33.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Assessment of noninferiority of oral vs subcutaneous semaglutide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
and subcutaneous by 1.4 percentage points (95% CI, -1.47 to -1.33).

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The study used version 26 of the Core Obesity Model (a Markov model) to project outcomes and costs over 40 years.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
The analyses were performed using version 26 of the Core Obesity Model, a Markov state transition model, to project health outcomes and costs at 40 years

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The abstract notes that body-weight change alone is not sufficient to determine whether therapy produces preferential loss of harmful adiposity versus loss of lean tissue/function or compromises nutritional adequacy.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Medical nutrition therapy in incretin-treated obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Yet kilograms lost do not reveal whether treatment preferentially reduces harmful adiposity, preserves muscle function, or maintains nutritional adequacy.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Within the semaglutide group, larger decreases in the ratio-to-baseline hsCRP were associated with greater weight loss.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42610271
Greater reductions in ratio-to-baseline hsCRP with semaglutide were associated with greater weight loss

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The study assessed cognitive function with behavioral paradigms: elevated plus maze (EPM) and novel object recognition (NOR).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Semaglutide Attenuates Type 2 Diabetes-Induced Neurotoxicity by Modulating Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Neuroapoptosis.
Cognitive function was evaluated using the elevated plus maze (EPM) and novel object recognition (NOR) paradigms.

Analytical / formulation research

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The proof-of-concept integrated ATR-FTIR/multivariate analysis with complementary LC-HRMS, and the authors indicated potential uses in stability monitoring, formulation research, process control, and authentication under expected structural alteration scenarios.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42330703
As demonstrated in this proof-of-concept study, this integrated analytical approach indicates potential for application in stability monitoring, formulation studies, process control, and as part of a multi-analytical strategy for product authentication, particularly when structural alterations are expected.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The pooled analysis used a time-to-event primary endpoint defined as first occurrence of a composite kidney outcome including persistent ≥50% eGFR reduction, kidney failure, kidney-related death, or cardiovascular-related death.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Effect of semaglutide on kidney outcomes in the SELECT, FLOW, and SOUL trials: a prespecified pooled analysis.
The primary outcome in this pooled analysis was time to first occurrence of a kidney composite, defined as onset of persistent 50% or greater reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), kidney failure (persistent eGFR <15 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or initiation of kidney replacement therapy), kidney-related death, or cardiovascular-related death.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

2 cited passages across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In the 40-year model horizon, adding semaglutide 2.4 mg to diet and exercise was associated with a €2685 higher cost than diet and exercise alone.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
and a €2685 increase in costs over 40 years
Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
Compared with D&E, semaglutide 2.4 mg in combination with D&E generated an additional 0.1049 QALYs and a €2685 increase in costs over 40 years, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €25,589/QALY.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Baseline arterial stiffness (CAVI) inversely related to treatment-associated change, with higher initial CAVI corresponding to a smaller improvement.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Dose-dependent effects of oral semaglutide on arterial stiffness and the additive role of SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes.
whereas higher baseline CAVI was associated with an attenuated response.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Responder analyses at 12 months reported proportions achieving prespecified thresholds for glycemic response, weight loss, and a composite of both.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Cardiometabolic Effects of Semaglutide in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes in the United Arab Emirates: Real-World 12-Month Outcomes and Predictors of Response.
Overall, 39% achieved an HbA1c reduction ≥ 1%, 43% achieved ≥ 5% weight loss, and 23% achieved the composite endpoint at 12 months.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Across multiple AgRP loss-of-function approaches, impairing AgRP circuit integrity reduced the full weight-lowering effect attributed to GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment (including semaglutide).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42550908
Across complementary AgRP loss-of-function models, disruption of AgRP circuit integrity reduced the full weight-lowering effects of GLP-1RAs.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The ICER is derived from the model’s projected costs and QALYs over 40 years and depends on model assumptions and inputs.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €25,589/QALY.

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

After multivariable adjustment, uploader type was associated with information quality: medical-professional uploaders with higher scores on GQS, mDISCERN, and JAMA; commercial videos with lower mDISCERN and GQS.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
In multivariable analyses, videos uploaded by medical professionals were consistently associated with higher quality scores across all three instruments, whereas commercial videos were associated with lower mDISCERN and GQS scores.

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Overall, the median GQS score of the videos was 4.0 (3.0–4.0).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
The overall median scores were 4.0 (3.0-4.0) for GQS

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

ΔCAVI was calculated as baseline CAVI minus follow-up CAVI; a positive ΔCAVI means arterial stiffness decreased (improved).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Dose-dependent effects of oral semaglutide on arterial stiffness and the additive role of SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes.
ΔCAVI was defined as baseline minus follow-up CAVI. Therefore, a positive ΔCAVI indicates a decrease (i.e., improvement) in arterial stiffness.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Secondary endpoints captured anthropometrics (BMI), glycaemic measures, and safety outcomes in ESRD treated with GLP1RA-based therapies.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Safety and Efficacy of Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonism-Based Therapies in End-Stage Renal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Secondary outcomes were changes in body mass index (BMI), glycaemia, and safety profile.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The analysis reports an incremental cost increase of €2685 for semaglutide 2.4 mg + diet and exercise compared with diet and exercise alone over a 40-year horizon.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
and a €2685 increase in costs over 40 years

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The summary states that GLP-1 receptor agonists can shift bone marrow progenitor cell production toward a profile associated with vascular regeneration.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42388102
GLP-1RAs can restore bone marrow progenitor cell output towards a more vessel regenerative profile.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Upon dilution, the optimized self-emulsifying formulation generated a clear emulsion with reported uniform nanoscale particle size (85.55 nm).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42349668
The optimized SD@SEDDS produced a clear emulsion upon dilution, with a uniform particle size of 85.55 nm

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The economic model estimated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for semaglutide compared with placebo over a 1-year horizon as 82,237 €/QALY.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Cost-Effectiveness and Budget-Impact Analysis of Semaglutide in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity in the German Health-Care System.
Over 1 year, the ICER was 82,237 €/QALY.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Reported substrate compatibility included unprotected residues such as histidine, tryptophan, and tyrosine, indicating tolerance of these side chains under the reaction conditions.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Harnessing the Reactivity of Sulfinate Salts With Cystine: An Umpolung Approach to Residue-Specific Peptide Modification.
The method was broadly compatible with a range of unprotected amino acids, including histidine, tryptophan, and tyrosine,

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The virtual trial suggested timing-dependent harm: extended semaglutide pre-treatment (6 months) decreased the modeled cycling-fibroblast AUC in high-insulin-resistance phenotypes at the 90th percentile.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

A Computational Trial of Dermal Mechanotransduction in GLP-1 Receptor Agonist-Associated Premature Facial Ageing.
Prolonged (6-month) pre-treatment was detrimental in high-IR phenotypes (90th percentile ΔAUC: -0.006).

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In BMSCs, GLP-1 shifted lineage outcomes by decreasing adipogenic differentiation and increasing osteogenic differentiation, with effects dependent on dose.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42425087
GLP-1 suppressed adipogenesis and promoted osteogenesis of BMSCs in a dose-dependent manner.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

This meta-analysis summary reports that the cagrilintide+semaglutide fixed-dose combination (CagriSema) lowered absolute body weight compared with placebo, with a mean difference of -4.68 kg.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Amylin-based obesity therapy: a meta-analysis of Cagrilintide and CagriSema versus placebo.
CagriSema significantly reduced body weight (MD: -5.98%; MD: -4.68 kg)

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Pooled data in ESRD show semaglutide was associated with a mean reduction in body weight of -3.09 kg at 3-month follow-up (with reported CI and heterogeneity).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Safety and Efficacy of Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonism-Based Therapies in End-Stage Renal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Weight reduction with semaglutide after 3-, 6-, and 12-months therapy were -3.09 kg (95% confidence interval [CI]: -5.95, -0.24; I2= 58.1%),

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

This abstract reports that, in pooled RCTs, CagriSema (cagrilintide+semaglutide) decreased systolic blood pressure relative to placebo; no numeric effect size is provided here.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Amylin-based obesity therapy: a meta-analysis of Cagrilintide and CagriSema versus placebo.
CagriSema significantly reduced body weight (MD: -5.98%; MD: -4.68 kg), waist circumference (MD: -10.91 cm), systolic blood pressure, and HbA1c.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The review states that GLP-1 receptor agonists lower cardiovascular events and death, and that these benefits are described as independent of glycemic control with mechanisms not yet determined.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42388102
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), heart failure, and mortality through undetermined mechanisms independent of glycemic control.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The model-based conclusion states that, in the Spanish setting and adult obesity population, adding semaglutide 2.4 mg to diet and exercise is estimated to be a cost-effective therapeutic alternative compared with diet and exercise alone.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
semaglutide 2.4 mg, in combination with D&E, was estimated to be a cost-effective therapeutic alternative in Spain for adults with obesity, compared to treatment based on D&E alone.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Stratified model outputs indicated an adverse effect of prolonged semaglutide pre-treatment among high–insulin-resistance phenotypes, quantified by a negative 90th percentile change in AUC.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

A Computational Trial of Dermal Mechanotransduction in GLP-1 Receptor Agonist-Associated Premature Facial Ageing.
Prolonged (6-month) pre-treatment was detrimental in high-IR phenotypes (90th percentile ΔAUC: -0.006).

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In the included videos, weight loss was the dominant focus (82.2%), whereas hypoglycemic effects were a primary focus in 2.7%.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
Most videos focused on weight loss (82.2%), while only 2.7% primarily discussed hypoglycemic effects.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Across pooled ESRD studies, semaglutide was associated with a mean HbA1c reduction of -0.75% at 12 months (CI and heterogeneity reported).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Safety and Efficacy of Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonism-Based Therapies in End-Stage Renal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
and -0.75% (95% CI: -1.07, -0.43; I2= 61.6%), respectively.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Using monocyte-derived dendritic cells from healthy donors, impurity-stimulated antigen presentation included potentially immunogenic peptides for semaglutide (and liraglutide), differing in number/distribution from originator products.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Impurities and Potential Immunogenicity Associated With Follow-on and Compounded Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.
For semaglutide and liraglutide, various potentially immunogenic peptides (distinct number/distribution vs originators) were presented on impurity-stimulated monocyte-derived dendritic cells from healthy donors.

Analytical / formulation research

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In this proof-of-concept, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy paired with multivariate analysis was used to monitor stress-related structural changes and degradation in formulations that included semaglutide as a model peptide.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42330703
This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analysis as a rapid, non-destructive tool for monitoring structural changes and degradation in formulations containing semaglutide and liraglutide as model compounds.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The conclusion states that, given the model’s base-case assumptions, semaglutide is judged to be cost-effective when evaluated over longer analytic horizons in HFpEF with obesity.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Cost-Effectiveness and Budget-Impact Analysis of Semaglutide in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity in the German Health-Care System.
Semaglutide appears cost-effective for HFpEF with obesity under the base-case assumptions and over longer analytic horizons.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

An “effective response” was defined as ΔCAVI ≥0.2.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Dose-dependent effects of oral semaglutide on arterial stiffness and the additive role of SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes.
A ΔCAVI of ≥0.2 was defined as an effective response.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Brain tissue homogenates were analyzed by ELISA for neuroinflammation (COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6), oxidative stress (MDA, GSH, catalase), and apoptosis-related proteins (Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Semaglutide Attenuates Type 2 Diabetes-Induced Neurotoxicity by Modulating Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Neuroapoptosis.
Neuroinflammatory markers (COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6), oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, GSH, and catalase), and apoptosis-associated proteins (Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2) were measured in brain tissue homogenates using ELISA.

Analytical / formulation research

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Overall clinician scale-level content validity (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.89 across three rounds.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42602345
For clinicians, the I-CVI ranged from 0.6 to 1.0, with an overall S-CVI/Ave of 0.89 across three rounds.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Under the study’s conditions (short incubations; dry-film sample preparation that may alter conformation), the method still detected clear spectral changes corresponding to early and advanced degradation phases.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42330703
Despite the relatively short incubation times and using a dry film approach which may introduce conformational changes, clear changes associated with early and advanced phases of degradation were detected.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The interrupted time series estimated a relative reduction in triptan consumption at 12 months post-initiation, with RR 0.93 (0.88-0.97), described as a 7% relative reduction.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42557547
corresponding to a 7% relative reduction at 12 months (RR 0.93; 0.88-0.97).

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

JAMA benchmarks assess transparency/quality criteria for health information; this does not evaluate semaglutide’s medical effects.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
and 2.0 (1.0-3.0) for JAMA.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The pooled RCT evidence summarized here indicates CagriSema (cagrilintide+semaglutide) reduced waist circumference compared with placebo, quantified as a mean difference of -10.91 cm.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Amylin-based obesity therapy: a meta-analysis of Cagrilintide and CagriSema versus placebo.
CagriSema significantly reduced body weight (MD: -5.98%; MD: -4.68 kg), waist circumference (MD: -10.91 cm)

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The economic evaluation tracked standard health-economic endpoints: costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Cost-Effectiveness and Budget-Impact Analysis of Semaglutide in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity in the German Health-Care System.
Outcomes included costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs).

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Based on the literature assessed, the abstract concludes there is no evidence establishing an optimal day-of-week for administering these agents.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Is There a Better Day of the Week to Administer Semaglutide or Tirzepatide? A Systematic Literature Review.
Current evidence does not support a specific optimal day of the week for semaglutide or tirzepatide administration.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The abstract reports a significant decrease in salt intake over 3 months; the dietary assessment method was a food frequency questionnaire.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42552642
Notably, the daily salt intake also decreased significantly from 8.9 to 7.0 g/day.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) and is described as effective for treating obesity.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42262870
While glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) like semaglutide are effective in treating obesity,

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In the methods, private (non-subsidized) access was operationalized as the residual quantity when national GLP-1 sales exceeded PBS dispensing claims in Australia.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Trends in publicly subsidized and private access to GLP-1 medicines indicated for type 2 diabetes in Australia, 2020-2025.
we estimated private access as the difference between sales and PBS dispensings.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Using an ITT analysis with LOCF at 24 weeks, HbA1c reductions were similar between test and reference semaglutide; the estimated between-group difference was 0.16 with a 95% CI from -0.16 to 0.47, and this analysis confirmed non-inferiority of the test product.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42598626
In the ITT (LOCF) set, at week-24, LSM change in HbA1c was -1.50 vs. -1.65 in test vs. reference group, respectively; LSM difference was 0.16 (95% CI: -0.16 to 0.47, P = 0.3266), confirming non-inferiority of the test product.

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Across the video sample, subjective quality/usability measures (GQS and mDISCERN) had median scores of 4.0, while JAMA benchmark adherence had a median score of 2.0.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
The overall median scores were 4.0 (3.0-4.0) for GQS, 4.0 (3.0-5.0) for mDISCERN, and 2.0 (1.0-3.0) for JAMA.

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The dataset comprised 225 semaglutide-related videos split across Bilibili (107) and TikTok (118).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
A total of 225 videos were included (107 from Bilibili and 118 from TikTok).

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The stated objective was to evaluate both efficacy and safety outcomes for semaglutide relative to placebo and other anti-hyperglycaemic comparators in a T2DM context.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Semaglutide for the treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of safety and efficacy outcomes.
To assess the safety and efficacy of semaglutide compared with placebo and other anti-hyperglycaemic agents in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Structure-guided modelling and virtual screening were used to design 108 stapled peptide candidates.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Design, synthesis, and stability evaluation of semaglutide-derived lactam-stapled peptide scaffolds for GLP-1R targeting.
A total of 108 stapled peptide candidates were designed by structure-guided modelling and virtual screening.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

From the designed set, 35 peptides were synthesized and characterized experimentally.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Design, synthesis, and stability evaluation of semaglutide-derived lactam-stapled peptide scaffolds for GLP-1R targeting.
Among them, 35 peptides were synthesised and characterised.

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In this sample, few semaglutide-related videos primarily addressed hypoglycemic effects (2.7%).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
A total of 225 videos were included (107 from Bilibili and 118 from TikTok). Most videos focused on weight loss (82.2%), while only 2.7% primarily discussed hypoglycemic effects.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Stratified analyses indicated the reduction was driven by decreased DDD consumption in prevalent triptan users (RR 0.86; 0.82-0.90), rather than altered incidence of new users.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42557547
This decrease primarily reflected a reduction in DDD consumption among prevalent users (RR 0.86; 0.82-0.90) rather than a change in monthly rates of new users.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The operational outcome definition used EHR prescription fill gaps: insulin discontinuation was the first ≥12-month gap, assessed over a 3-year follow-up window.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Comparative Effectiveness of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Versus Oral Agents for Insulin Discontinuation in Type 2 Diabetes : A Target Trial Emulation.
Insulin discontinuation, defined as the first gap in insulin prescription fills of 12 months or more over 3 years of follow-up.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The study quantified GLP-1 use using two utilization metrics: raw units sold/dispensed and a standardized utilization rate (DDD per 1000 population per day).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Trends in publicly subsidized and private access to GLP-1 medicines indicated for type 2 diabetes in Australia, 2020-2025.
We measured GLP-1 medicine use as number of units sold/dispensed and defined daily dose (DDD)/1000 population/day.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

At 6 months after semaglutide initiation, systolic blood pressure showed a modest reduction, with a reported confidence interval and p-value.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Cardiometabolic Effects of Semaglutide in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes in the United Arab Emirates: Real-World 12-Month Outcomes and Predictors of Response.
SBP decreased by -3.56 mmHg (-6.17 to -0.96; p = 0.007) at 6 months.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Based on the study’s economic evaluation and 2025 pricing assumptions, semaglutide met a cost-effectiveness threshold of under $200,000 per QALY.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42233337
In this economic evaluation, phentermine-topiramate and semaglutide were cost-effective under $200,000/QALY, using 2025 pricing.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Across May 2020 onward, national data showed an almost 10-fold increase in sales of GLP-1 medicines indicated for type 2 diabetes; the abstract attributes most growth to private access and identifies semaglutide as a driver.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Trends in publicly subsidized and private access to GLP-1 medicines indicated for type 2 diabetes in Australia, 2020-2025.
Since May 2020, total sales of GLP-1 medicines indicated for T2D increased almost 10-fold. Most growth was in private access, driven by semaglutide and rapid uptake of tirzepatide.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

As summarized by the authors, available evidence did not show a statistically significant association between periconceptional/first-trimester GLP-1 RA exposure and HDP risk.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and GLP-1 receptor agonist timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Periconceptional or first-trimester exposure to GLP-1 RAs are not significantly associated with HDP risk.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Semaglutide is indexed in ChEMBL under the identifier CHEMBL2108724, with the preferred name recorded as SEMAGLUTIDE.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

SEMAGLUTIDE
ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL2108724 Preferred name: SEMAGLUTIDE

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Wegovy is listed as a synonym for semaglutide in this source.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

SEMAGLUTIDE
NN-9535; Nn9535; NN9535; NNC 0113-0217; NNC-0113-0217; Ozempic; Rybelsus; Semaglutida; Semaglutide; Semaglutide component of cagrisema; Semaglutide component of nn1535 icosema; Semaglutide component of nn1535 laisema; Wegovy

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Semaglutide 2.4 mg is described as an analogue of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
Subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg, a glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue,

Trial registration · not results

2 cited sources · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

3 cited passages across 2 source records. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In this trial description, semaglutide is characterized as a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Investigation on Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Multiple Doses of a Long-acting GLP-1 Analogue in Healthy Male Subjects and Male Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
This trial is conducted in Europe. The aim of the trial is to investigate safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (the exposure of the trial drug in the body), and pharmacodynamics (the effect of the investigated drug on the body) of multiple doses of a long-acting GLP-1 analogue (oral semaglutide) and a carrier in healthy male subjects and male subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Integrating GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Into Dermatology Practice: Safety and Monitoring Strategies.
This medication class now includes oral formulations including oral semaglutide
Integrating GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Into Dermatology Practice: Safety and Monitoring Strategies.
This medication class now includes oral formulations including oral semaglutide and the first non-peptide oral GLP-1RA, orforglipron

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

2 cited passages across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Semaglutide at the 2.4 mg dose is described as an analogue of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
Subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg, a glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, has been approved by the European Medicines Agency as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity (diet and exercise [D&E]) for the treatment of obesity.
Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
Subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg, a glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, has been approved by the European Medicines Agency as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity (diet and exercise [D&E]) for the treatment of obesity.

Analytical / formulation research

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In this source, semaglutide is classified as a peptide-based GLP‑1 receptor agonist and is one of the nine analytes covered by a validated multiplexed LC‑HRMS assay for identification and quantitation.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Development and validation of a multiplexed LC-HRMS method for nine GLP-1 receptor agonists and its pharmaceutical application.
A rapid, sensitive, and selective multiplexed liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method was developed and validated for the identification and quantitation of nine structurally diverse peptide-based glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs): bofanglutide, ecnoglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, mazdutide, retatrutide, semaglutide, survodutide, and tirzepatide.

Research-method context

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The methods describe the work as a targeted narrative review focused on perioperative safety, body composition, and aesthetic/body contouring literature concerning GLP-1 RA users, rather than a primary clinical trial.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Aesthetic Surgery: A Narrative Review on Perioperative Safety, Sarcopenic Morphologies, and Adapted Body Contouring Strategies.
A targeted narrative review of perioperative safety considerations, body-composition studies, and aesthetic/body contouring literature relevant to GLP-1 RA users.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Rybelsus is listed as a synonym for semaglutide in this source.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

SEMAGLUTIDE
NN-9535; Nn9535; NN9535; NNC 0113-0217; NNC-0113-0217; Ozempic; Rybelsus; Semaglutida; Semaglutide; Semaglutide component of cagrisema; Semaglutide component of nn1535 icosema; Semaglutide component of nn1535 laisema; Wegovy

Trial registration · not results

2 cited sources · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

2 cited passages across 2 source records. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Semaglutide is categorized as a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), a drug class defined by agonism at the GLP-1 receptor.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

A Phase Ib Clinical Trial, Using Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Semaglutide in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), such as semaglutide, are a class of drugs currently used to treat diabetes and obesity.
Personalization of incretin therapy: can GLP-1 and GIP receptor polymorphisms influence therapy response?
Incretin-based therapies-glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) such as semaglutide

Media-content study

4 cited sources · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

4 cited passages across 4 source records. 4 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist (it activates the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42315078
Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that has been widely used in the treatment of diabetes and obesity.
Microfluidic-assisted formulation of hydrophobic ion pairing-based solid lipid nanoparticles for semaglutide delivery.
Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Semaglutide for the treatment of obesity.
Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist
Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist originally developed for glycemic control, has recently gained widespread attention for its weight-loss effects.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Ozempic is listed as a synonym for semaglutide in this source.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

SEMAGLUTIDE
NN-9535; Nn9535; NN9535; NNC 0113-0217; NNC-0113-0217; Ozempic; Rybelsus; Semaglutida; Semaglutide; Semaglutide component of cagrisema; Semaglutide component of nn1535 icosema; Semaglutide component of nn1535 laisema; Wegovy

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

NN-9535 is listed as a synonym for semaglutide in this source.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

SEMAGLUTIDE
NN-9535; Nn9535; NN9535; NNC 0113-0217; NNC-0113-0217; Ozempic; Rybelsus; Semaglutida; Semaglutide; Semaglutide component of cagrisema; Semaglutide component of nn1535 icosema; Semaglutide component of nn1535 laisema; Wegovy

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

2 cited passages across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Semaglutide is described as having a newly introduced 7.2 mg maintenance dose.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Analysis of the efficacy and safety of liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide for the treatment of overweight and obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
The recent introduction of a 7.2 mg maintenance dose of semaglutide warrants particular attention.
Analysis of the efficacy and safety of liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide for the treatment of overweight and obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
The recent introduction of a 7.2 mg maintenance dose of semaglutide warrants particular attention.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The METHODS specify that the state-transition model stratified patients by KCCQ-CSS quartiles, with death as an absorbing state, to represent HFpEF health status over time.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Cost-Effectiveness and Budget-Impact Analysis of Semaglutide in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity in the German Health-Care System.
Health states were defined by Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-Clinical Summary Score (KCCQ-CSS) quartiles and death.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The abstract attributes intestinal uptake to dual transporter targeting (ASBT and GLUT2) and multiple endocytic routes (clathrin and caveolae/lipid-mediated).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Dual-transporter-targeted oral semaglutide nanomicelles enable enhanced intestinal absorption and metabolic reprogramming in obesity and diabetes.
Mechanistic studies revealed a multivalent absorption pathway involving dual targeting of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), together with clathrin- and caveolae/lipid-mediated endocytosis.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The Markov model stratified health states by Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire–Clinical Summary Score (KCCQ-CSS) quartiles, plus death as a state.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Cost-Effectiveness and Budget-Impact Analysis of Semaglutide in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity in the German Health-Care System.
Health states were defined by Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-Clinical Summary Score (KCCQ-CSS) quartiles and death.

Analytical / formulation research

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Using principal component analysis of ATR-FTIR data, samples from stressed semaglutide-containing formulations could be grouped and classified by stress condition.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42330703
The application of principal component analysis (PCA) enabled the identification of clustering patterns and classification of samples under different stress conditions, while the analysis of loading and contribution line plots allowed recognition of the main spectral features contributing most to the variance.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In this study’s outcome specification, incident MACCE is operationalized as a composite endpoint including all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42334436
The primary outcome was incident MACCE, defined as a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), HF, or stroke.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Because ΔCAVI was computed as baseline CAVI minus follow-up CAVI, positive values correspond to reduced arterial stiffness on follow-up.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Dose-dependent effects of oral semaglutide on arterial stiffness and the additive role of SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes.
ΔCAVI was defined as baseline minus follow-up CAVI. Therefore, a positive ΔCAVI indicates a decrease (i.e., improvement) in arterial stiffness.

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Multivariable regression analyses were used to assess associations between video factors and information quality scores.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
Multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with information quality.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

2 cited passages across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The evidence synthesis queried MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL with a search end date of February 2025.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Semaglutide for the Silent Phenotype: A Translational Signal in Obesity-Driven HFpEF.
MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched through February 2025.
Semaglutide for the Silent Phenotype: A Translational Signal in Obesity-Driven HFpEF.
MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched through February 2025.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Hydrophobic interactions are identified as the main driver of micelle formation for GLP-1 analogs.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Anisotropic Electrostatics in the Instability of GLP‑1 Analog Micelles: Effects of Electrolytes, Denaturants, pH, and Temperature.
Whereas hydrophobicity drives the micelle formation

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The abstract presents a proposed, hypothesis-generating mechanism where predisposing anatomy and sustained hypohydration jointly contribute to NAION occurrence.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42547311
We propose a hypothesis-generating 'two-hit' model in which anatomical susceptibility and sustained hypohydration together precipitate NAION.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The formulation method involved forming semaglutide–DOTAP complexes across 1:0 to 1:18 molar ratios and incorporating them into cetyl palmitate SLNs prepared by herringbone microfluidic mixing.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Microfluidic-assisted formulation of hydrophobic ion pairing-based solid lipid nanoparticles for semaglutide delivery.
Semaglutide was complexed with the cationic lipid DOTAP at different molar ratios (1:0-1:18) and subsequently incorporated into cetyl palmitate-based SLNs produced by microfluidic mixing using a herringbone device.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The formulation approach included creating a hydrophobic ion pair (HIP) complex between semaglutide and sodium docusate, termed SET-DOC.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42349668
we developed a hydrophobic ion pair (HIP) complex of SET and sodium docusate (SET-DOC)

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Multiple physicochemical techniques (FTIR, DSC, TGA, SAXS) were used to verify semaglutide–DOTAP complex formation and successful embedding in the lipid nanoparticle matrix.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Microfluidic-assisted formulation of hydrophobic ion pairing-based solid lipid nanoparticles for semaglutide delivery.
FTIR, DSC, TGA and SAXS analyses confirmed the correct formation of the complex and its incorporation into the lipid matrix.

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The study used a cross-sectional content-analysis design to assess semaglutide-related videos on two short-video platforms (Bilibili and TikTok).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
A cross-sectional content analysis was conducted on semaglutide-related videos from Bilibili and TikTok.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Changes in electrolyte conditions influence GLP-1 analog micelle aggregation primarily via electrostatic interactions rather than hydrophobic effects.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Anisotropic Electrostatics in the Instability of GLP‑1 Analog Micelles: Effects of Electrolytes, Denaturants, pH, and Temperature.
electrolyte-dependent aggregation appears to be governed by these electrostatic interactions.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Mechanistically, GLP-1 was reported to inhibit activation of AKT signaling in the adipogenic context.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42425087
Mechanistically, GLP-1 inhibited AKT activation during adipogenesis

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

4 cited passages across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The source lists three barriers to oral semaglutide delivery: instability in gastrointestinal fluids, enzymatic proteolysis, and mucus diffusion limitation.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Current trends in semaglutide therapy and strategies to improve its bioavailability.
mucus diffusion limitation
Current trends in semaglutide therapy and strategies to improve its bioavailability.
degradation through proteolysis by various enzymes
Current trends in semaglutide therapy and strategies to improve its bioavailability.
Delivery of oral semaglutide becomes difficult due to instability in GI fluids
Current trends in semaglutide therapy and strategies to improve its bioavailability.
Delivery of oral semaglutide becomes difficult due to instability in GI fluids, degradation through proteolysis by various enzymes, and mucus diffusion limitation;

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The abstract identifies neuroinflammation as a central mechanistic contributor across the pathogenesis of perioperative neurocognitive disorder.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Semaglutide Alleviates LPS-Induced Cognitive Disorder via O-GlcNAcylation of AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathway Components.
neuroinflammation serving as a core pathological mechanism throughout PND pathogenesis.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, GLP-1 shifted lineage commitment away from adipogenesis and toward osteogenesis, with effects that depended on dose.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42425087
GLP-1 suppressed adipogenesis and promoted osteogenesis of BMSCs in a dose-dependent manner.

Analytical / formulation research

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The validation quantified content validity with I-CVI and S-CVI/Ave metrics and assessed face validity by measuring agreement with five statements in each round.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42602345
Content validity was measured using item-level (I-CVI) and scale-level (S-CVI/Ave) indices, while face validity was assessed by level of agreement to five statements per round.

Research-method context

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The authors searched the literature up to May 2026 using semaglutide as a search term.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Personalization of incretin therapy: can GLP-1 and GIP receptor polymorphisms influence therapy response?
A systematic search of PubMed, SciSpace, and Google Scholar was conducted (through May 2026) using terms including GLP1R, GIPR, polymorphisms, pharmacogenomics, semaglutide, tirzepatide, and Italian population.

Analytical / formulation research

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Item-level assessment used Likert-scale ratings from nephrology clinicians and community pharmacists to evaluate content validity and face validity of the semaglutide algorithm.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42602345
A two-part questionnaire per algorithm item assessed content and face validity, with nephrology clinicians (nephrologists and kidney pharmacists) and community pharmacists rating items using Likert scales.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In this source, “food noise” is conceptualized as persistent and intrusive food-related thoughts with potential to interfere with daily functioning.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Retrospective Assessment of Food Noise Changes After Initiation of Injectable Semaglutide for Weight Management in the USA: The INFORM Survey.
'Food noise', persistent and intrusive thoughts about food that can disrupt daily life, has emerged as a concern for individuals with obesity, and often impacts quality of life.

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Semaglutide is described as acting as an agonist at the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Glycemic control was assessed primarily via the change in HbA1c, a standard integrated measure of blood glucose over time.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42598626
Primary endpoint was the change in HbA1c level.

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The dataset comprised 225 semaglutide-related videos split across platforms (107 Bilibili; 118 TikTok).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
A total of 225 videos were included (107 from Bilibili and 118 from TikTok).

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The study explored using hydrophobic ion pairing (HIP) plus solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as a formulation strategy to enhance semaglutide loading and delivery-related characteristics.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Microfluidic-assisted formulation of hydrophobic ion pairing-based solid lipid nanoparticles for semaglutide delivery.
In the present study, a combined hydrophobic ion pairing (HIP) and solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) approach was explored to improve semaglutide incorporation and delivery-related properties.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Mechanistic framing in the review: improvements associated with incretin therapy in obesity-related OSA are most simply explained by weight-loss-mediated anatomical unloading.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Incretin-Based Therapies in Obesity-Related Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Narrative Review of Evidence Tiers and Mechanistic Plausibility.
The most parsimonious mechanistic interpretation is weight-loss-mediated anatomical unloading.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

As ionic strength rises, Coulombic repulsion between micelles is screened; this lowers the electrostatic barrier to aggregation and permits orientation-dependent multipole attractions to drive aggregation.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Anisotropic Electrostatics in the Instability of GLP‑1 Analog Micelles: Effects of Electrolytes, Denaturants, pH, and Temperature.
Increasing ionic strength screens the Coulomb repulsion between micelles, reducing the electrostatic stabilization barrier and allowing orientation-dependent multipole attractions to promote aggregation.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The validator sample comprised ten nephrology clinicians participating across three rounds and 12 community pharmacists participating across two rounds.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42602345
Ten nephrology clinicians (five per round for three rounds) and 12 community pharmacists (six per round for two rounds) participated.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The source identifies semaglutide as a glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue but does not elaborate on downstream mechanisms.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
Subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg, a glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue,

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Outcome measurement method: the analysis did not directly measure EQ-5D utilities; it mapped EQ-5D utilities from SF-36 using the Rowen et al. (2009) algorithm.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42580587
EuroQol 5-‍Dimension (EQ-5D) utilities were mapped from Short Form-36 (SF-36) scores using the Rowen et al. (2009) algorithm.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The oral formulation (SGT-M) uses electrostatic complexation of semaglutide with glucosamine and taurolithocholate, followed by nanomicellar encapsulation using n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Dual-transporter-targeted oral semaglutide nanomicelles enable enhanced intestinal absorption and metabolic reprogramming in obesity and diabetes.
SEMA was electrostatically complexed with glucosamine and taurolithocholate to enable transporter-mediated recognition, followed by incorporation into an n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside-based nanomicelle.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The study conducted a modeled economic evaluation using a cohort state-transition (Markov) framework, parameterized from STEP-HFpEF, comparing semaglutide with placebo for HFpEF with obesity from the German SHI perspective.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Cost-Effectiveness and Budget-Impact Analysis of Semaglutide in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity in the German Health-Care System.
We developed a cohort state-transition (Markov) model based on STEP-HFpEF to evaluate semaglutide versus placebo in patients with HFpEF and obesity from the German statutory health insurance (SHI) perspective.

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Video information quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using three instruments: Global Quality Scale (GQS), modified DISCERN (mDISCERN), and JAMA benchmark criteria.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
Two independent reviewers evaluated the quality of each video using the Global Quality Scale (GQS), modified DISCERN (mDISCERN), and Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In this abstract, VRCE refers to declining circulating progenitor cell levels, which are linked to vessel regeneration capacity.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42388102
VRCE, the progressive loss of circulating progenitor cells that mediate vessel regeneration, has recently emerged as an underappreciated driver of MACE risk in individuals living with type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Two independent reviewers assessed information quality using Global Quality Scale (GQS), modified DISCERN (mDISCERN), and JAMA benchmark criteria.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
Two independent reviewers evaluated the quality of each video using the Global Quality Scale (GQS), modified DISCERN (mDISCERN), and Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria.

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The research design was cross-sectional content analysis, applied to semaglutide-related videos from Bilibili and TikTok.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
A cross-sectional content analysis was conducted on semaglutide-related videos from Bilibili and TikTok.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The study’s primary endpoints were longitudinal changes in HbA1c, body weight, and systolic blood pressure measured at 6 and 12 months.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Cardiometabolic Effects of Semaglutide in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes in the United Arab Emirates: Real-World 12-Month Outcomes and Predictors of Response.
Primary outcomes were changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 6 and 12 months.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

VRCE is defined here as a progressive depletion of circulating progenitor cells that normally mediate vascular regeneration.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42388102
VRCE, the progressive loss of circulating progenitor cells that mediate vessel regeneration, has recently emerged as an underappreciated driver of MACE risk in individuals living with type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

2 cited passages across 1 source record.

Mechanistically, semaglutide is described as improving glycemic control through glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion and suppression of glucagon secretion.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

IUPHAR ligand commentary
Semaglutide improves glycemic control by stimulating insulin and lowering glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner [Reference 33890].
IUPHAR ligand commentary
Semaglutide improves glycemic control by stimulating insulin and lowering glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner [Reference 33890].

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

A mechanistic electrostatic model incorporating attractive screened monopole–dipole and dipole–dipole terms plus repulsive monopole–monopole terms was developed to interpret the reported results.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Anisotropic Electrostatics in the Instability of GLP‑1 Analog Micelles: Effects of Electrolytes, Denaturants, pH, and Temperature.
An electrostatic model, based on attractive, screened monopole-dipole, dipole-dipole, and repulsive monopole-monopole interactions was developed to interpret results.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The abstract frames PND as driven in part by neuroinflammation, identifying it as a central pathological process in PND development.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Semaglutide Alleviates LPS-Induced Cognitive Disorder via O-GlcNAcylation of AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathway Components.
High-risk factors, including advanced age, obesity, diabetes, and preoperative neurological dysfunction, accelerate PND progression, with neuroinflammation serving as a core pathological mechanism throughout PND pathogenesis.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

CAVI is a blood pressure-independent measure of arterial stiffness and predicts cardiovascular events.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Dose-dependent effects of oral semaglutide on arterial stiffness and the additive role of SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes.
The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a blood pressure-independent marker of arterial stiffness and a well-established predictor of cardiovascular (CV) events.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The study formed semaglutide–DOTAP hydrophobic ion pairs using semaglutide:DOTAP molar ratios spanning 1:0 through 1:18.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Microfluidic-assisted formulation of hydrophobic ion pairing-based solid lipid nanoparticles for semaglutide delivery.
Semaglutide was complexed with the cationic lipid DOTAP at different molar ratios (1:0-1:18)

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The sampling date for the semaglutide-video dataset was February 4, 2026.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
Videos were collected on February 4, 2026.

Analytical / formulation research

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

2 cited passages across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Specific analytical methods listed for semaglutide include reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Analytical methods for the determination of semaglutide in pharmaceutical formulations and biological matrices: A comprehensive review.
Some of these approaches include reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Analytical methods for the determination of semaglutide in pharmaceutical formulations and biological matrices: A comprehensive review.
ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The formulation method used hydrophobic ion pairing between semaglutide and the cationic lipid DOTAP across molar ratios (1:0–1:18), followed by loading into cetyl palmitate SLNs made via microfluidic herringbone mixing.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Microfluidic-assisted formulation of hydrophobic ion pairing-based solid lipid nanoparticles for semaglutide delivery.
Semaglutide was complexed with the cationic lipid DOTAP at different molar ratios (1:0-1:18) and subsequently incorporated into cetyl palmitate-based SLNs produced by microfluidic mixing using a herringbone device.

Economic model

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

2 cited passages across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

A Markov state transition framework (Core Obesity Model version 26) was used to extrapolate obesity-related risk-factor trajectories into long-term health outcomes and costs over 40 years.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
The analyses were performed using version 26 of the Core Obesity Model, a Markov state transition model, to project health outcomes and costs at 40 years, based on the evolution of risk factors associated with obesity.
Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
The analyses were performed using version 26 of the Core Obesity Model, a Markov state transition model, to project health outcomes and costs at 40 years, based on the evolution of risk factors associated with obesity.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Instability and aggregation of GLP-1 analog micelles are driven largely by orientation-dependent multipole electrostatics (anisotropic electrostatic interactions).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Anisotropic Electrostatics in the Instability of GLP‑1 Analog Micelles: Effects of Electrolytes, Denaturants, pH, and Temperature.
The results here indicate that anisotropic electrostatic interactions play a central role in the instability and aggregation, which appear to arise predominantly from multipole, orientation-dependent electrostatics

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The formulation approach described is electrostatic complexation of semaglutide with glucosamine and taurolithocholate to support transporter-mediated recognition, followed by nanomicelle incorporation using n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Dual-transporter-targeted oral semaglutide nanomicelles enable enhanced intestinal absorption and metabolic reprogramming in obesity and diabetes.
SEMA was electrostatically complexed with glucosamine and taurolithocholate to enable transporter-mediated recognition, followed by incorporation into an n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside-based nanomicelle.

Analytical / formulation research

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Infrared spectral features in the amide I region (associated with peptide secondary structure) enabled detection of subtle conformational changes in semaglutide-containing formulations.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42330703
Spectral data allowed the detection of subtle conformational changes, particularly in the amide region I, which is directly related to the secondary structure.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The abstract describes multi-method identification and validation of semaglutide-regulated heat shock proteins (HSPs) using transcriptomics and PCR arrays, plus co-immunoprecipitation to probe factors related to increased HSP expression.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42315078
Semaglutide-regulated HSPs were screened by transcriptomics and PCR arrays and co-immunoprecipitation experiments were conducted to explore key factors in semaglutide promoting increased expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs).

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Because ΔCAVI was defined as baseline minus follow-up CAVI, positive values correspond to lower follow-up CAVI and thus improved arterial stiffness.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Dose-dependent effects of oral semaglutide on arterial stiffness and the additive role of SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes.
Therefore, a positive ΔCAVI indicates a decrease (i.e., improvement) in arterial stiffness.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The study explored hydrophobic ion pairing followed by solid lipid nanoparticle formulation as a strategy to enhance semaglutide incorporation and delivery-relevant characteristics.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Microfluidic-assisted formulation of hydrophobic ion pairing-based solid lipid nanoparticles for semaglutide delivery.
In the present study, a combined hydrophobic ion pairing (HIP) and solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) approach was explored to improve semaglutide incorporation and delivery-related properties.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Hydrophobic ion pairing is described as being used to form a complex between semaglutide and sodium docusate, termed SET-DOC.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42349668
To address these challenges, we developed a hydrophobic ion pair (HIP) complex of SET and sodium docusate (SET-DOC)

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Electrostatic properties of GLP-1 analogs—net dipole moment and net charge—modulate inter-micelle attractive and repulsive interactions.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Anisotropic Electrostatics in the Instability of GLP‑1 Analog Micelles: Effects of Electrolytes, Denaturants, pH, and Temperature.
net dipole moment and charge in GLPA affect attraction and repulsion

Media-content study

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Associations between video characteristics and information-quality scores were examined using multivariable regression analyses.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Quality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
Multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with information quality.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The source states that epithelial permeability limits oral absorption of semaglutide, which is linked to exceedingly low oral bioavailability.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Current trends in semaglutide therapy and strategies to improve its bioavailability.
epithelial permeability restricts the oral absorption of the drug, due to which the oral bioavailability of semaglutide is exceedingly low.

Analytical / formulation research

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Multivariate analysis via PCA was used on ATR-FTIR spectra to separate (cluster) and classify samples exposed to different stress conditions in peptide formulations including semaglutide.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42330703
The application of principal component analysis (PCA) enabled the identification of clustering patterns and classification of samples under different stress conditions, while the analysis of loading and contribution line plots allowed recognition of the main spectral features contributing most to the variance.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The index was defined at first dispensing, with 24 months pre-index baseline and 12 months post-index follow-up.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42557547
The first dispensing date served as the index date, establishing a 24-month baseline and a 12-month follow-up period.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

A cost-plus costing approach, parameterized with 2024-2025 Indian API shipment data, was used to estimate semaglutide production costs for oral and injectable products, including formulation, packaging, taxation, and profit assumptions.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

How Low Could Semaglutide Prices Fall? An Analysis of Production Cost and Implications for Global Access.
We applied updated cost-plus pricing methods using 2024-2025 Indian active pharmaceutical ingredient shipment data to estimate production costs for oral and injectable semaglutide, incorporating formulation, packaging, taxation, and profit assumptions.

Analytical / formulation research

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

ATR-FTIR spectral features in the amide I region—associated with peptide secondary structure—were used to detect subtle conformational changes in semaglutide-containing formulations.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42330703
Spectral data allowed the detection of subtle conformational changes, particularly in the amide region I, which is directly related to the secondary structure.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The stated objective was to evaluate real-world cardiometabolic outcomes and identify predictors of response after semaglutide initiation in a tertiary endocrine clinic setting.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Cardiometabolic Effects of Semaglutide in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes in the United Arab Emirates: Real-World 12-Month Outcomes and Predictors of Response.
The aim of this study was to evaluate real-world cardiometabolic outcomes and predictors of response following initiation of semaglutide in a tertiary endocrine clinic.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The review highlights key missing confirmatory tests (serial upper-airway imaging, Pcrit, physiological endotyping) for validating the proposed weight-loss-mediated anatomical unloading mechanism in incretin-treated OSA cohorts.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Incretin-Based Therapies in Obesity-Related Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Narrative Review of Evidence Tiers and Mechanistic Plausibility.
but it has not yet been directly confirmed by serial upper-airway imaging, Pcrit measurement, or physiological endotyping within incretin-treated OSA cohorts.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Semaglutide’s oral tablet absorption is described as limited, attributed to hydrophilicity and enzymatic instability within the gastrointestinal environment.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42349668
oral tablets are more convenient but suffer from limited absorption due to SET's hydrophilicity and enzymatic instability in the gastrointestinal tract.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The optimized self-emulsifying formulation produced droplets/particles with a reported uniform size of 85.55 nm.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42349668
with a uniform particle size of 85.55 nm

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In breastfeeding mothers receiving subcutaneous semaglutide, milk levels were reported as not detectable.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Semaglutide
Semaglutide was not detectable in the milk of mothers taking the drug subcutaneously.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In lactating mothers receiving semaglutide subcutaneously, semaglutide was not detectable in breast milk.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Semaglutide
Semaglutide was not detectable in the milk of mothers taking the drug subcutaneously.

Analytical / formulation research

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Semaglutide’s reported binding to human serum albumin was 97.8% after 60 mins (ultrafiltration HPLC).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

ChEMBL activities for CHEMBL2108724
Assay: Binding affinity to human serum albumin after 60 mins by ultrafiltration-based HPLC analysis Assay format: single protein format Standard result: PPB = 97.8 %

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Physicochemical characterization in the abstract reports nanoscale particle size and near-complete loading/incorporation of semaglutide in SGT-M.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Dual-transporter-targeted oral semaglutide nanomicelles enable enhanced intestinal absorption and metabolic reprogramming in obesity and diabetes.
The optimized SGT-M had a particle size of 64.7 ± 1.27 nm and near-complete drug incorporation.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

As a physicochemical characteristic of the oral semaglutide nanomicelle system (SGT-M), the reported particle size is 64.7 ± 1.27 nm.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Dual-transporter-targeted oral semaglutide nanomicelles enable enhanced intestinal absorption and metabolic reprogramming in obesity and diabetes.
The optimized SGT-M had a particle size of 64.7 ± 1.27 nm

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

For the oral semaglutide delivery approach described, the reported relative bioavailability after oral administration is 4.62%.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Dual-transporter-targeted oral semaglutide nanomicelles enable enhanced intestinal absorption and metabolic reprogramming in obesity and diabetes.
Oral administration achieved a relative bioavailability of 4.62%.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In a nasal mucus dissolution assessment, the semaglutide formulations completely dissolved within two hours.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

A microencapsulation strategy for intranasal semaglutide delivery.
The resulting formulations fully dissolved in nasal mucus within two hours, with over 30% absorption occurring in the first 20 minutes.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The optimized formulation is characterized as forming a clear emulsion upon dilution, with reported nanoscale particle size (85.55 nm).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42349668
The optimized SD@SEDDS produced a clear emulsion upon dilution, with a uniform particle size of 85.55 nm,

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

2 cited passages across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Drug loading is reported as 2.64 mg/g for the optimized SD@SEDDS formulation.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-42349668
high drug loading (2.64 mg/g)
pubmed-42349668
high drug loading (2.64 mg/g),

Safety + tolerability

Risks, organized for scanning.

A structured orientation to the label—not a complete prescribing-information substitute or an individual risk estimate.

Boxed warning

Injectable semaglutide labels warn about thyroid C-cell tumors observed in rodents; human relevance is unknown. [1]

Contraindications

Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2
Serious hypersensitivity to semaglutide or product excipients

Common effects

Nausea
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Constipation
Abdominal pain

Serious risks

Acute pancreatitis
Gallbladder disease
Acute kidney injury from volume depletion
Diabetic retinopathy complications in susceptible patients
Severe gastrointestinal reactions

Structured from current product labeling [1]

Products + regulatory context

Same ingredient. Different records.

Brand names, routes, presentations, indications, and instructions are product-specific. This table is an index—not a substitution guide.

Product	Form	Profile scope	Record
Ozempic	Weekly subcutaneous injection	Type 2 diabetes; label includes cardiovascular and kidney risk-reduction claims in specified populations.	[2]
Wegovy	Weekly injection; current U.S. label also lists a daily tablet presentation	Product- and presentation-specific weight, cardiovascular, and MASH uses.	[1]
Rybelsus	Daily oral tablet	Type 2 diabetes; formulation and instructions differ from injectable products.	[13]

Do not infer dosing, interchangeability, or an approved use from the ingredient name alone. Open the current label for the exact product and presentation.

Administration, interactions + monitoring

The practical clinical context.

Administration boundary: Product-specific oral or subcutaneous regimens with gradual titration. The current label and prescriber determine the applicable schedule. [1]
Monitor: Watch for persistent severe abdominal symptoms that could indicate pancreatitis and for symptoms of gallbladder disease. [1]
Monitor: Monitor glucose when used with insulin or an insulin secretagogue because concomitant therapy can increase hypoglycemia risk. [1]
Monitor: Monitor renal function when gastrointestinal reactions could lead to volume depletion. [1]
Monitor: People with a history of diabetic retinopathy may require closer observation during rapid glucose improvement. [1]
Monitor: Delayed gastric emptying can affect concomitant oral medicines, especially drugs with a narrow therapeutic index or required clinical monitoring. [1]

Special-population boundaries

Pregnancy recommendations depend on the product-specific indication; current labeling describes fetal risk and discontinuation considerations. [1]
The current Wegovy label distinguishes lactation guidance for tablets from subcutaneous injection because the tablet absorption enhancer introduces separate considerations. [1]
Pediatric evidence and authorization are indication- and presentation-specific; they should not be generalized across every semaglutide product. [1]
Renal or hepatic impairment does not automatically make every product or clinical situation equivalent; current labeling and clinical context still control use. [1]

Research status + gaps

What still needs better answers.

A useful knowledge base names uncertainty as clearly as it names findings.

9424 compiled claim(s) withheld by automated assurance: assurance_score_below_0.58 (4766), assurance_score_below_0.72 (4001), current_regulatory_source_required (2324), extraction_ambiguity (4018), extraction_confidence_not_high (17), high_risk_requires_regulatory_or_two_independent_sources (4539), no_direct_support (8751), proposal_not_staged (412)

How Peplexicon reads evidence

Authority: What kind of source is making the statement?
Independence: Do multiple citations represent separate studies—or the same evidence repeated?
Directness: Does the population, product, dose, outcome, and time horizon match the claim?
Consistency: Do credible sources support, qualify, or contradict one another?

References + discovery

Open the records yourself.

Authoritative records and published evidence are listed separately from live searches, which are discovery tools rather than pre-screened support.

Filter references

1
Regulatory labelWegovy prescribing information
Current DailyMed label for Wegovy; approved uses, dosing, contraindications, warnings, and adverse reactions.
Open ↗
2
Regulatory labelOzempic prescribing information
Current DailyMed label for Ozempic; a separate product record from Wegovy and Rybelsus.
Open ↗
3
Literature indexEvery PubMed result for semaglutide
Live National Library of Medicine literature search; results are not pre-screened or deduplicated.
Open ↗
4
Trial registryEvery registered study for semaglutide
Live ClinicalTrials.gov search, including completed, active, and historical records.
Open ↗
5
Chemical recordsemaglutide chemical record
PubChem compound search from the National Library of Medicine.
Open ↗
6
Chemical recordPubChem compound record: Semaglutide
Structured chemical identifiers, cross-database links, and compound properties from the National Library of Medicine.
Open ↗
7
Target databaseIUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology: Semaglutide
Curated ligand and GLP-1 receptor target relationship.
Open ↗
8
Published evidence snapshotChEMBL activities for CHEMBL2108724
chembl-activities · T6
Published 2026-08-20 · retrieved 2026-08-20T08:28:52Z
Open ↗
9
Published evidence snapshotSEMAGLUTIDE
chembl-molecule · T6
Published 2026-08-20 · retrieved 2026-08-20T08:28:52Z
Open ↗
10
Published evidence snapshotInvestigation on Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Multiple Doses of a Long-acting GLP-1 Analogue in Healthy Male Subjects and Male Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
clinicaltrials · T4
Published 2019-01-04 · retrieved 2026-08-29T08:29:04Z
Open ↗
11
Published evidence snapshotCombatting Muscle Loss in Obese Adult Patients on GLP-1 Medications Through Dietary Counseling and Exercise During Treatment
clinicaltrials · T4
Published 2026-04-28 · retrieved 2026-08-29T08:29:04Z
Open ↗
12
Published evidence snapshotA Phase Ib Clinical Trial, Using Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Semaglutide in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease
clinicaltrials · T4
Published 2026-06-16 · retrieved 2026-08-29T08:29:04Z
Open ↗
13
Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use RYBELSUS®andOZEMPIC®tabletssafely and effectively. See full prescribing information for RYBELSUS andOZEMPICtablets.RYBELSUS (semaglutide) tablets, for oral useOZEMPIC (semaglutide) tablets, for oral useInitial U.S. Approval: 2017
dailymed · T1
Published 2026-01-30 · retrieved 2026-08-20T08:28:52Z
Open ↗
14
Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use OZEMPIC®safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for OZEMPIC.OZEMPIC (semaglutide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2017
dailymed · T1
Published 2021-01-14 · retrieved 2026-08-21T08:29:16Z
Open ↗
15
Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use OZEMPIC®safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for OZEMPIC.OZEMPIC (semaglutide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2017
dailymed · T1
Published 2026-07-30 · retrieved 2026-08-20T08:28:52Z
Open ↗
16
Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use OZEMPIC®safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for OZEMPIC.OZEMPIC (semaglutide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2017
dailymed · T1
Published 2023-11-22 · retrieved 2026-08-21T08:29:16Z
Open ↗
17
Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use OZEMPIC®safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for OZEMPIC.OZEMPIC (semaglutide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2017
dailymed · T1
Published 2026-06-01 · retrieved 2026-08-18T22:02:44Z
Open ↗
18
Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use OZEMPIC®safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for OZEMPIC.OZEMPIC (semaglutide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2017
dailymed · T1
Published 2023-11-17 · retrieved 2026-08-21T08:29:16Z
Open ↗
19
Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use WEGOVY safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for WEGOVY.WEGOVY (semaglutide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2017
dailymed · T1
Published 2024-04-23 · retrieved 2026-08-21T08:29:16Z
Open ↗
20
Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use OZEMPIC®safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for OZEMPIC.OZEMPIC (semaglutide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2017
dailymed · T1
Published 2020-09-17 · retrieved 2026-08-21T17:41:39Z
Open ↗
21
Published evidence snapshotOnce-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity.
doi · T2
Published 2021-02-10 · retrieved 2026-08-24T17:39:41Z
Open ↗
22
Published evidence snapshotThe multifaceted effects of semaglutide: exploring its broad therapeutic applications.
doi · T6
Published 2025-09-03 · retrieved 2026-09-09T18:01:24Z
Open ↗
23
Published evidence snapshotOzempic | European Medicines Agency (EMA)
ema · T6
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T22:02:46Z
Open ↗
24
Published evidence snapshotRybelsus | European Medicines Agency (EMA)
ema · T6
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T22:02:36Z
Open ↗
25
Published evidence snapshotWegovy | European Medicines Agency (EMA)
ema · T6
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T22:02:31Z
Open ↗
26
Published evidence snapshotIUPHAR ligand commentary
iuphar-comments · T6
Published 2026-08-20 · retrieved 2026-08-20T08:28:52Z
Open ↗
27
Published evidence snapshotIUPHAR interactions for semaglutide
iuphar-interactions · T6
Published 2026-08-20 · retrieved 2026-08-20T08:28:52Z
Open ↗
28
Published evidence snapshotsemaglutide
iuphar-ligand · T6
Published 2026-08-20 · retrieved 2026-08-20T08:28:52Z
Open ↗
29
Published evidence snapshotSemaglutide
pubmed · T3
Published 2006-01-01 · retrieved 2026-08-29T08:29:04Z
Open ↗
30
Published evidence snapshotSafety of Semaglutide.
pubmed · T3
Published 2021-01-01 · retrieved 2026-09-09T18:01:27Z
Open ↗
31
Published evidence snapshotSemaglutide for the treatment of obesity.
pubmed · T3
Published 2023-04-01 · retrieved 2026-09-09T22:50:09Z
Open ↗
32
Published evidence snapshotSemaglutide for the treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of safety and efficacy outcomes.
pubmed · T2
Published 2022-06-01 · retrieved 2026-09-09T22:50:11Z
Open ↗
33
Published evidence snapshotSemaglutide in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes and Obesity.
pubmed · T2
Published 2025-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-31T10:52:18Z
Open ↗
34
Published evidence snapshotOnce-weekly semaglutide 7·2 mg in adults with obesity (STEP UP): a randomised, controlled, phase 3b trial.
pubmed · T2
Published 2025-11-01 · retrieved 2026-08-18T22:02:38Z
Open ↗
35
Published evidence snapshotLong-term comparative effectiveness of once-weekly semaglutide versus alternative treatments in a real-world US adult population with type 2 diabetes: a randomized pragmatic clinical trial.
pubmed · T2
Published 2025-10-15 · retrieved 2026-09-06T10:52:15Z
Open ↗
36
Published evidence snapshotAssessment of noninferiority of oral vs subcutaneous semaglutide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
pubmed · T2
Published 2025-12-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T22:02:42Z
Open ↗
37
Published evidence snapshotGestational Weight Gain and Pregnancy Outcomes After Semaglutide Exposure.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-21T17:41:39Z
Open ↗
38
Published evidence snapshotBeyond weight loss: multisystem benefits of obesity medications.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-21T08:29:16Z
Open ↗
39
Published evidence snapshotRetrospective Assessment of Food Noise Changes After Initiation of Injectable Semaglutide for Weight Management in the USA: The INFORM Survey.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-21T17:41:39Z
Open ↗
40
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42217849
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T08:28:36Z
Open ↗
41
Published evidence snapshotCost-Effectiveness and Budget-Impact Analysis of Semaglutide in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity in the German Health-Care System.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-09-01 · retrieved 2026-08-26T08:30:34Z
Open ↗
42
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42233337
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T08:28:36Z
Open ↗
43
Published evidence snapshotImplementation of the IWQOL-Lite-CT in Observational Research: Comparison of Baseline Scores With a Clinical Trial Population and Psychometric Evaluation.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-21T17:41:39Z
Open ↗
44
Published evidence snapshotOnce-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in Spain.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-09-01 · retrieved 2026-08-26T08:30:34Z
Open ↗
45
Published evidence snapshotCagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) versus semaglutide or cagrilintide in people with type 2 diabetes (REIMAGINE 2): a double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 3 study.
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-21T08:29:16Z
Open ↗
46
Published evidence snapshotEfficacy and safety of once-weekly cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) in adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on diet and exercise (REIMAGINE 1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3a study.
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-21T08:29:16Z
Open ↗
47
Published evidence snapshotUse of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Danish Adolescents and Young Adults 2018-2025.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-21T08:29:16Z
Open ↗
48
Published evidence snapshotEndoscopic sleeve gastroplasty versus oral semaglutide for obesity: a real-world comparative cohort study.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-24 · retrieved 2026-08-25T08:29:46Z
Open ↗
49
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42262870
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T20:01:53Z
Open ↗
50
Published evidence snapshotNationwide Real-World Retrospective Study of Oral Semaglutide Use in Adults Living With Type 2 Diabetes in Finland.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-09-01 · retrieved 2026-09-10T08:34:32Z
Open ↗
51
Published evidence snapshotGLP-1 receptor agonist adjunct therapy stabilises Ramadan dysglycaemia in insulin-treated diabetes: a CGM-based study.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-20T08:28:52Z
Open ↗
52
Published evidence snapshotImpact of Preoperative Semaglutide Discontinuation Timing on Postoperative Outcomes in Aesthetic Abdominoplasty: A Retrospective Comparative Study.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-21T17:41:39Z
Open ↗
53
Published evidence snapshotEvidence-informed guidance for the clinical use of oral semaglutide in obesity management.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-20T08:28:52Z
Open ↗
54
Published evidence snapshotCurrent trends in semaglutide therapy and strategies to improve its bioavailability.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-20T08:28:52Z
Open ↗
55
Published evidence snapshotComparative Effectiveness and Safety of Once-Weekly Injectable Semaglutide Versus Dulaglutide in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Managed in UK Primary Care: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-20T08:28:52Z
Open ↗
56
Published evidence snapshotCardiometabolic Effects of Semaglutide in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes in the United Arab Emirates: Real-World 12-Month Outcomes and Predictors of Response.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-20T08:28:52Z
Open ↗
57
Published evidence snapshotPharmacologic Treatments With Lifestyle Modifications in Nonpregnant Adults With Overweight or Obesity in Outpatient Settings: A Living Clinical Guideline From the American College of Physicians (April 2026).
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-20T08:28:52Z
Open ↗
58
Published evidence snapshotBenefits and Harms of Pharmacologic Treatments in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Living Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis for the American College of Physicians.
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-27T11:42:45Z
Open ↗
59
Published evidence snapshotCost-Effectiveness of Pharmacologic Treatments in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review for the American College of Physicians.
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-27T11:42:45Z
Open ↗
60
Published evidence snapshotWeight Changes With Lower Doses of Semaglutide in Clinical Practice: Findings From the Chinese HARMONY Cohort.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-09-01 · retrieved 2026-09-10T08:34:32Z
Open ↗
61
Published evidence snapshotThe Effect of Semaglutide on Quality of Life in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Brief Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-09-01 · retrieved 2026-09-02T08:35:46Z
Open ↗
62
Published evidence snapshotElectrospun Nanofiber Oral Thin Film Platform for Sublingual Peptide Delivery: A Promising Alternative to Conventional Semaglutide Formulations.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-09-01 · retrieved 2026-09-02T08:35:46Z
Open ↗
63
Published evidence snapshotGLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Aesthetic Surgery: A Narrative Review on Perioperative Safety, Sarcopenic Morphologies, and Adapted Body Contouring Strategies.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-21T17:41:39Z
Open ↗
64
Published evidence snapshot1-year outcomes of semaglutide, tirzepatide, and sleeve gastrectomy in obesity in type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-20T08:28:52Z
Open ↗
65
Published evidence snapshotA Computational Trial of Dermal Mechanotransduction in GLP-1 Receptor Agonist-Associated Premature Facial Ageing.
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-21T17:41:39Z
Open ↗
66
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42315078
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-17 · retrieved 2026-08-17T23:03:18Z
Open ↗
67
Published evidence snapshotEffect of GLP-1 receptor agonists at doses for obesity management on muscle health: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-27T11:42:45Z
Open ↗
68
Published evidence snapshotShort- and long-term effects of semaglutide 2.4 mg on energy intake, appetite, and food reward: a 60-week, double-blind randomized controlled trial.
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-25T08:29:46Z
Open ↗
69
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42330703
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-17 · retrieved 2026-08-17T23:02:04Z
Open ↗
70
Published evidence snapshotGlucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes: Insights From a Pilot Implementation Program.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-07-31 · retrieved 2026-08-22T08:27:44Z
Open ↗
71
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42334436
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T08:28:36Z
Open ↗
72
Published evidence snapshotSemaglutide and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with and without DM: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-20T08:28:52Z
Open ↗
73
Published evidence snapshotSemaglutide for the Silent Phenotype: A Translational Signal in Obesity-Driven HFpEF.
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-09-01 · retrieved 2026-08-19T08:29:05Z
Open ↗
74
Published evidence snapshotReal-World Effectiveness of Semaglutide and Tirzepatide Compared With Bariatric Surgery.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-24T08:31:35Z
Open ↗
75
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42349668
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-17 · retrieved 2026-08-17T23:03:18Z
Open ↗
76
Published evidence snapshotChronic semaglutide alters ingestive behavior without impairing taste function in mice.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-21T17:41:39Z
Open ↗
77
Published evidence snapshotWeekly and Biweekly Treatment With Bofanglutide Versus Semaglutide in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes : A Phase 2b Randomized Clinical Trial.
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-20T08:28:52Z
Open ↗
78
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42376629
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-17 · retrieved 2026-08-17T23:03:18Z
Open ↗
79
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42388102
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-17 · retrieved 2026-08-17T23:03:18Z
Open ↗
80
Published evidence snapshotFemales Are Completely Resistant to Semaglutide-Induced Muscle Loss in ob/ob Mice.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-09-01 · retrieved 2026-08-24T08:31:35Z
Open ↗
81
Published evidence snapshotGLP-1 receptor agonists in ADPKD: from metabolic rationale to phenotype-enriched translational testing.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-09-01 · retrieved 2026-08-17T23:03:18Z
Open ↗
82
Published evidence snapshotSemaglutide Injection Once-Weekly for Weight Management in Adults: Results From A Randomized Phase III, Active-Controlled Study.
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-09-01 · retrieved 2026-09-02T08:35:46Z
Open ↗
83
Published evidence snapshotHarnessing the Reactivity of Sulfinate Salts With Cystine: An Umpolung Approach to Residue-Specific Peptide Modification.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-09-07 · retrieved 2026-09-10T08:34:32Z
Open ↗
84
Published evidence snapshotReal-World Use of Semaglutide for Weight Management: Dose Titration, Discontinuation Patterns and Weight Changes.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-10-01 · retrieved 2026-09-10T08:34:32Z
Open ↗
85
Published evidence snapshotNeuropsychiatric Outcomes With Tirzepatide, Semaglutide, and Other GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-10-01 · retrieved 2026-09-09T08:33:27Z
Open ↗
86
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42425087
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T20:01:53Z
Open ↗
87
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42434480
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-17 · retrieved 2026-08-17T23:02:04Z
Open ↗
88
Published evidence snapshotHow Low Could Semaglutide Prices Fall? An Analysis of Production Cost and Implications for Global Access.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-20T08:28:52Z
Open ↗
89
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42440974
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-17 · retrieved 2026-08-17T23:02:04Z
Open ↗
90
Published evidence snapshotComparative Effectiveness of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Versus Oral Agents for Insulin Discontinuation in Type 2 Diabetes : A Target Trial Emulation.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-19T08:29:05Z
Open ↗
91
Published evidence snapshotTreatment Patterns and Experienced Effects of Semaglutide for Weight Management Among Adult Users in Denmark: A Community Pharmacy-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-10-01 · retrieved 2026-09-10T08:34:32Z
Open ↗
92
Published evidence snapshotSafety Profile of Tirzepatide in Real-World Clinical Practice: A Pharmacovigilance Study Using the FAERS Database.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-10-01 · retrieved 2026-09-10T08:34:32Z
Open ↗
93
Published evidence snapshotCancer risk of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for obesity: comparison with bariatric surgery and other weight-loss drugs.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-09-01 · retrieved 2026-08-21T08:29:16Z
Open ↗
94
Published evidence snapshotEfficacy and safety of zalfermin co-administered with semaglutide in participants with fibrosis and cirrhosis due to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: a phase 2, dose-ranging, double-blind, randomised controlled trial.
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-09-01 · retrieved 2026-08-29T08:29:04Z
Open ↗
95
Published evidence snapshotN-terminally modified GLP1R agonists drive G protein bias via extracellular loop 3 displacement.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-07-28 · retrieved 2026-08-22T08:27:44Z
Open ↗
96
Published evidence snapshotMulti-target-directed drugs: new additions in 2025 and post-marketing safety surveillance of drugs marketed in 2022-2024.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-19T08:29:05Z
Open ↗
97
Published evidence snapshotPersonalization of incretin therapy: can GLP-1 and GIP receptor polymorphisms influence therapy response?
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-19T08:29:05Z
Open ↗
98
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42495930
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-17 · retrieved 2026-08-17T23:02:04Z
Open ↗
99
Published evidence snapshotEfficacy of CagriSema for Reaching Anthropometric Treatment Targets and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Secondary, Post hoc Analysis of REDEFINE 1.
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-10-01 · retrieved 2026-09-10T08:34:32Z
Open ↗
100
Published evidence snapshotEfficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide 2.0 mg as an Add-On to Dose-Reduced Insulin Glargine versus Dose-Titrated Insulin Glargine in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight (SUSTAIN OPTIMIZE).
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-10-01 · retrieved 2026-09-10T08:34:32Z
Open ↗
101
Published evidence snapshotTrends in publicly subsidized and private access to GLP-1 medicines indicated for type 2 diabetes in Australia, 2020-2025.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-07-27 · retrieved 2026-08-22T08:27:44Z
Open ↗
102
Published evidence snapshotDose-dependent effects of oral semaglutide on arterial stiffness and the additive role of SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-07-28 · retrieved 2026-08-22T08:27:44Z
Open ↗
103
Published evidence snapshotSemaglutide improves MASLD and MASH in people with HIV: The SLIM LIVER study.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-07-28 · retrieved 2026-09-06T08:31:50Z
Open ↗
104
Published evidence snapshotImpurities and Potential Immunogenicity Associated With Follow-on and Compounded Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-07-30 · retrieved 2026-08-22T08:27:44Z
Open ↗
105
Published evidence snapshotEarly changes in renal function do not appear to mediate cardiovascular risk with dapagliflozin plus semaglutide: a real-world observational hypothesis-generating cohort study.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-09-05T08:30:31Z
Open ↗
106
Published evidence snapshotHypertensive disorders of pregnancy and GLP-1 receptor agonist timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-07-31 · retrieved 2026-08-21T08:29:16Z
Open ↗
107
Published evidence snapshotEffectiveness & safety of semaglutide in weight reduction in obese nondiabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-07-31 · retrieved 2026-08-22T08:27:44Z
Open ↗
108
Published evidence snapshotAbility of Adults to Correctly Use Grey Market Peptide Semaglutide GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Acquired Without a Prescription.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-19T08:29:05Z
Open ↗
109
Published evidence snapshotReal-World Use of Subsidised Semaglutide in Icelandic Children With Obesity: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-19T08:29:05Z
Open ↗
110
Published evidence snapshotProtecting Musculoskeletal Development and Physical Function in Adolescents on GLP-1 Therapy.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-03 · retrieved 2026-08-19T08:29:05Z
Open ↗
111
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42547311
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T20:56:12Z
Open ↗
112
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42550908
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T20:01:53Z
Open ↗
113
Published evidence snapshotSafety and Efficacy of Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonism-Based Therapies in End-Stage Renal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-04 · retrieved 2026-08-21T17:03:42Z
Open ↗
114
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42552642
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-17 · retrieved 2026-08-17T23:02:04Z
Open ↗
115
Published evidence snapshotWeight Loss-Dependent Changes in Body Composition and Bone Health in People With Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Liraglutide, Semaglutide, or Tirzepatide.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-09-01 · retrieved 2026-08-28T12:09:49Z
Open ↗
116
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42556433
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T20:56:12Z
Open ↗
117
Published evidence snapshotThe role of GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonists in the treatment of diabetes and obesity.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-09-01 · retrieved 2026-08-27T11:42:45Z
Open ↗
118
Published evidence snapshotEfficacy and Hypoglycaemia Outcomes With Once-Weekly IcoSema Versus Comparators in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes by Kidney and Liver Function: A Post Hoc Analysis of the COMBINE 1-3 Trials.
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-10-01 · retrieved 2026-09-10T08:34:32Z
Open ↗
119
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42557547
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T20:56:12Z
Open ↗
120
Published evidence snapshotEndothelial Shear-Stress-Responsive Gene Adenylate Cyclase 4 Suppresses Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting cAMP/PKA-NF-κB Mediated Vascular Inflammation.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-09-01 · retrieved 2026-08-27T11:42:45Z
Open ↗
121
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42558050
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T20:56:12Z
Open ↗
122
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42558052
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T20:56:12Z
Open ↗
123
Published evidence snapshotAnalysis of the efficacy and safety of liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide for the treatment of overweight and obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-06 · retrieved 2026-08-18T20:56:12Z
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124
Published evidence snapshotIntegrating GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Into Dermatology Practice: Safety and Monitoring Strategies.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-06 · retrieved 2026-08-18T20:56:12Z
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125
Published evidence snapshotRole of Oral Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Weight Management for Individuals With Overweight or Obesity Without Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-18T20:56:12Z
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126
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42565180
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-17 · retrieved 2026-08-17T23:02:04Z
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127
Published evidence snapshotEffect of semaglutide on kidney outcomes in the SELECT, FLOW, and SOUL trials: a prespecified pooled analysis.
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-10-01 · retrieved 2026-09-10T08:34:32Z
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128
Published evidence snapshotImpact of GLP-1 Analogue Therapy on Gastrointestinal Outcomes in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Real-World TriNetX Analysis.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-08 · retrieved 2026-08-17T23:05:51Z
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129
Published evidence snapshotMicrofluidic-assisted formulation of hydrophobic ion pairing-based solid lipid nanoparticles for semaglutide delivery.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-08 · retrieved 2026-08-29T08:29:04Z
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130
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42571323
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T20:01:53Z
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131
Published evidence snapshotGLP-1-Based Therapies in Pain Medicine: A Narrative Review and Expert Opinion on Obesity-Related Low Back and Knee Pain.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-10 · retrieved 2026-08-18T20:01:53Z
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132
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42573665
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T20:01:53Z
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133
Published evidence snapshotEfficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg in Chinese adults with overweight or obesity (STEP 12): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3b trial.
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-10-01 · retrieved 2026-09-10T08:34:32Z
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134
Published evidence snapshotChanges in recorded background glucose-lowering therapy after initiation of a GLP-1 receptor agonist or dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist in adults with type 2 diabetes.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-09-01 · retrieved 2026-08-31T08:37:28Z
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135
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42575845
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T20:01:53Z
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136
Published evidence snapshotDesign, synthesis, and stability evaluation of semaglutide-derived lactam-stapled peptide scaffolds for GLP-1R targeting.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-12-01 · retrieved 2026-08-17T23:02:04Z
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137
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42580144
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T08:28:36Z
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138
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42580587
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T08:28:36Z
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139
Published evidence snapshotSemaglutide vs Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-11 · retrieved 2026-09-05T08:30:31Z
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140
Published evidence snapshotReal-world semaglutide in obesity cohort: effectiveness, safety and persistence across sex, BMI, and prior GLP-1RA treatment.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-01-01 · retrieved 2026-08-22T08:27:44Z
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141
Published evidence snapshotAmylin-based obesity therapy: a meta-analysis of Cagrilintide and CagriSema versus placebo.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-19T08:29:05Z
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142
Published evidence snapshotAssociation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Analogues and Laryngeal Symptoms in Obese Adults.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-12 · retrieved 2026-08-17T23:05:51Z
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143
Published evidence snapshotBurden and Risk of Depression in Patients Receiving Semaglutide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-10-01 · retrieved 2026-08-27T11:42:45Z
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144
Published evidence snapshotSemaglutide and Liraglutide Modulate Oxidative Stress and Wound Repair in Normal Human Skin Cells Exposed to an In Vitro Diabetic-like Environment.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-03 · retrieved 2026-08-18T20:56:12Z
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145
Published evidence snapshotBeyond the Scale: Changes in Pain, Physical Function (WOMAC), and Low-Grade Inflammation Following Semaglutide Treatment in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis-Results from a Six-Month Real-World Cohort.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-07-27 · retrieved 2026-08-22T08:27:44Z
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146
Published evidence snapshotGlucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Chronic Pain: Preclinical Antinociceptive Mechanisms, Indirect Metabolic-Functional Effects, and Clinical Considerations-A Narrative Review.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-07-29 · retrieved 2026-08-22T08:27:44Z
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147
Published evidence snapshotIncretin-Based Therapies in Obesity-Related Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Narrative Review of Evidence Tiers and Mechanistic Plausibility.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-01-01 · retrieved 2026-08-18T20:56:12Z
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148
Published evidence snapshotGastroparesis induced by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: A systematic review of clinical features, diagnosis, management, and outcomes.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-01-01 · retrieved 2026-08-17T23:05:51Z
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149
Published evidence snapshotOnce-weekly IcoSema versus once-daily insulin glargine U100 in type 2 diabetes management (COMBINE 4): an open-label, multicentre, treat-to-target, randomised, phase 3b trial.
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-10-01 · retrieved 2026-09-10T08:34:32Z
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150
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42598626
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-17 · retrieved 2026-08-17T23:02:04Z
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151
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42602345
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T08:28:36Z
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152
Published evidence snapshotGLP-1-based incretin therapy is associated with lower incident Alzheimer's disease and cardiorenal events in adults with documented neuropsychiatric, cognitive, or sensory risk.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-01-01 · retrieved 2026-08-18T20:56:12Z
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153
Published evidence snapshotDevelopment and validation of a multiplexed LC-HRMS method for nine GLP-1 receptor agonists and its pharmaceutical application.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-10-11 · retrieved 2026-09-08T16:35:00Z
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154
Published evidence snapshotCo-agonism of GLP-1R and CTR/AMYR in the lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus produces additive effects on homeostatic and motivated feeding.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-11-01 · retrieved 2026-09-10T08:34:32Z
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155
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42605535
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T08:28:36Z
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156
Published evidence snapshotMaximizing weight loss with cagrisema: a systematic review and GRADE-assessed meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-17 · retrieved 2026-08-18T20:01:53Z
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157
Published evidence snapshotThe GLP-1-Mitochondria Axis in Metabolic Aging.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-21T08:29:16Z
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158
Published evidence snapshotComparative Efficacy of Semaglutide and Tirzepatide in Chinese Adults with Obesity without Diabetes: A Real-World Observational Study.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-01-01 · retrieved 2026-08-20T08:28:52Z
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159
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42610271
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T20:01:53Z
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160
Published evidence snapshotHunger pain and its reduction; qualitative insight from people with schizophrenia on semaglutide.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-12-31 · retrieved 2026-08-21T17:41:39Z
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161
Published evidence snapshotProspective changes in sleep quality and depressive symptom burden following initiation of GLP-1-based therapies in patients with obesity: a real-world study.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-19T08:29:05Z
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162
Published evidence snapshotMajor Adverse Liver Outcomes With Tirzepatide and Injectable Semaglutide in Adults With Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-19 · retrieved 2026-08-21T08:29:16Z
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163
Published evidence snapshotQuality and reliability of semaglutide-related health information on Chinese short-video platforms: a cross-sectional study of Bilibili and TikTok.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-01-01 · retrieved 2026-08-22T08:27:44Z
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164
Published evidence snapshotOral semaglutide vs DPP-4 inhibitors in reducing risk of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with HFpEF and obesity.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-20 · retrieved 2026-08-21T08:29:16Z
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165
Published evidence snapshotSemaglutide Alleviates LPS-Induced Cognitive Disorder via O-GlcNAcylation of AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathway Components.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-20 · retrieved 2026-08-21T08:29:16Z
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166
Published evidence snapshotA noninvasive13C-mannitol breath test to monitor semaglutide treatment-induced delayed oral-cecal transit in mice.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-20 · retrieved 2026-08-21T08:29:16Z
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167
Published evidence snapshotCognitive signs and symptoms in people with a psychiatric diagnosis on semaglutide: a retrospective cohort study of 13 007 patients in the USA.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-20 · retrieved 2026-08-29T08:29:04Z
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168
Published evidence snapshotNot Just for Diabetes: The Next Frontier for GLP-1 Agonists.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-21T17:41:39Z
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169
Published evidence snapshotGLP-1 receptor agonist therapy is associated with increased symptomatic remission in ulcerative colitis: a matched cohort study.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-21 · retrieved 2026-08-22T08:27:44Z
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170
Published evidence snapshotPsychiatric and eye disorders associated with use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs).
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-22 · retrieved 2026-08-23T08:27:39Z
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171
Published evidence snapshotComparative effects of semaglutide tirzepatide and retatrutide on renal fibrosis in UUO and aged mice.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-09-18 · retrieved 2026-08-25T08:29:46Z
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172
Published evidence snapshotResponders Vs. Non-Responders or How to Predict the Response to GLP-1 or GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonist Therapy.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-23 · retrieved 2026-08-25T08:29:46Z
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173
Published evidence snapshotDual-transporter-targeted oral semaglutide nanomicelles enable enhanced intestinal absorption and metabolic reprogramming in obesity and diabetes.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-28 · retrieved 2026-08-29T08:29:04Z
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174
Published evidence snapshotSemaglutide-associated agranulocytosis requiring hospitalisation and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: a case report.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-20 · retrieved 2026-08-26T08:30:34Z
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175
Published evidence snapshotGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Risks of Hospitalization and Mortality in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-25 · retrieved 2026-08-26T08:30:34Z
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176
Published evidence snapshotLongitudinal Changes in Body Composition, Adaptive Thermogenesis and Muscle Strength in Patients with Obesity Treated with Semaglutide.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-25 · retrieved 2026-08-26T08:30:34Z
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177
Published evidence snapshotA microencapsulation strategy for intranasal semaglutide delivery.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-25 · retrieved 2026-08-27T11:42:45Z
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178
Published evidence snapshotOne-year weight loss and metabolic outcomes after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in adolescents compared with young adults: A propensity score-matched cohort study.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-09-01 · retrieved 2026-08-27T19:27:48Z
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179
Published evidence snapshotClinical Outcomes Associated with GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Exposure in Non-Diabetic Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-20 · retrieved 2026-08-29T08:29:04Z
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180
Published evidence snapshotTherapeutic Mechanisms of Resmetirom and Semaglutide in MASLD/MASH: A Review of Inflammatory and Fibrotic Metabolites.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-18 · retrieved 2026-08-29T08:29:04Z
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181
Published evidence snapshotGlucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Serious Mental Illness.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-26 · retrieved 2026-08-27T11:42:45Z
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182
Published evidence snapshotNonscarring Alopecia in Adults Treated With GLP-1s: A Propensity Score Matched TriNetX Cohort Study.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-26 · retrieved 2026-08-27T11:42:45Z
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183
Published evidence snapshotIDE-mediated GLP-1 degradation as the basis for designing long-acting and CNS-stable GLP-1 receptor agonists.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-28 · retrieved 2026-08-29T08:29:04Z
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184
Published evidence snapshotEfficacy and Safety of Semaglutide in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Scoping Review.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-17 · retrieved 2026-08-30T08:30:06Z
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185
Published evidence snapshotSemaglutide Attenuates Type 2 Diabetes-Induced Neurotoxicity by Modulating Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Neuroapoptosis.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-12 · retrieved 2026-08-30T08:30:06Z
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186
Published evidence snapshotOral vs. Subcutaneous Semaglutide for Obesity Treatment: A Systematic Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Patient-Oriented Outcomes.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-06 · retrieved 2026-08-30T08:30:06Z
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187
Published evidence snapshotDo Patients Receiving GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss Require Structured Dietetic Care? Lessons from Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (MBS) Pathways.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-13 · retrieved 2026-08-30T08:30:06Z
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188
Published evidence snapshotBeyond Weight Loss: Skeletal Muscle Health During Incretin-Based Therapy in Patients with Diabesity.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-14 · retrieved 2026-08-30T08:30:06Z
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189
Published evidence snapshotIs There a Better Day of the Week to Administer Semaglutide or Tirzepatide? A Systematic Literature Review.
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-08-10 · retrieved 2026-09-09T08:33:27Z
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190
Published evidence snapshotEffects of Semaglutide versus Bariatric Surgery on Noninvasive Markers of Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis in Obesity with MASLD.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-27 · retrieved 2026-08-29T08:29:04Z
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191
Published evidence snapshotFrom adiposity to multisystem morbidity: the case for weight loss as disease modification.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-27 · retrieved 2026-08-29T08:29:04Z
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192
Published evidence snapshotAnisotropic Electrostatics in the Instability of GLP‑1 Analog Micelles: Effects of Electrolytes, Denaturants, pH, and Temperature.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-25 · retrieved 2026-08-30T08:30:06Z
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193
Published evidence snapshotSemaglutide in Japanese participants with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: a subgroup analysis of the ESSENCE trial.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-28 · retrieved 2026-08-29T08:29:04Z
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194
Published evidence snapshotIncretin-based therapies in peri- and postmenopausal women with obesity: an expert position statement from the Spanish Menopause Society.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-25 · retrieved 2026-08-30T08:30:06Z
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195
Published evidence snapshotAnalytical methods for the determination of semaglutide in pharmaceutical formulations and biological matrices: A comprehensive review.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-11-01 · retrieved 2026-09-05T08:30:31Z
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196
Published evidence snapshotMedical nutrition therapy in incretin-treated obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-01-01 · retrieved 2026-08-31T08:37:28Z
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197
Published evidence snapshotGLP-1 and GIP class drugs have neuroprotective properties in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-01-01 · retrieved 2026-08-31T08:37:28Z
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198
Published evidence snapshotEffects of subcutaneous semaglutide on weight loss and inflammatory markers in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
pubmed · T2
Published 2026-08-29 · retrieved 2026-08-31T08:37:28Z
Open ↗
199
Published evidence snapshotCardiometabolic outcomes of once-weekly IcoSema in adults with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of the COMBINE trials.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-09-02 · retrieved 2026-09-05T08:30:31Z
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200
Published evidence snapshotComparative efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide 1 based drugs for weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes: network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-01-01 · retrieved 2026-09-05T08:30:31Z
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201
Published evidence snapshotBeyond weight loss: Disentangling the direct effects of semaglutide vs equivalent calorie restriction on reproductive systems of male and female rats.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-09-03 · retrieved 2026-09-10T08:34:32Z
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202
Published evidence snapshotOral Incretin-Based Therapies for Weight Management.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-09-04 · retrieved 2026-09-05T08:30:31Z
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203
Published evidence snapshotHIF-1 plays a dual regulatory role in hippocampal neuronal PANoptosis in Alzheimer's disease via the HK2/VDAC1/NLRP3 axis and RIPK3 signaling.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-09-06 · retrieved 2026-09-10T08:34:32Z
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204
Published evidence snapshotA Biweekly GLP-1R Agonist Designed With Drug-Free Intervals for Enhanced Efficacy, Receptor Homeostasis and Gastrointestinal Tolerability.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-09-08 · retrieved 2026-09-10T08:34:32Z
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