Peptide knowledge, connected to its evidence.

At a glance

What is it—and why does it matter?

Lixisenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist. Before this analysis, it was unknown how GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure around conception or early pregnancy relates to HDP. HbA1c decreased with lixisenatide compared with placebo. The study used several external sources to interpret findings for GLP-1 drugs (including lixisenatide) and did not estimate incidence, comparative risk, or causality.

Sources for this introduction: [1] [2] [3] [4]

This published profile is a reference in progress. Findings retain their source context; missing topics are marked below.

Simple guide

Lixisenatide, in plain English

The main points from the published research. Each one links to the source it comes from.

What it is

In the included studies, lixisenatide exposure was one of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exposures evaluated.
Research in peopleApplies to: pregnancies in retrospective cohort studies
Source for this finding
“All the studies were conducted in the United States between 2014-2025 and evaluated the semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, tirzepatide, exenatide, lixisenatide, and albiglutide exposure.”
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and GLP-1 receptor agonist timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

What the research looks like

Most published findings come from studies in people.

57 People 65%
4 Animals or lab 5%
27 Other or unclear 31%

Counts show where findings come from, not how strong they are. Animal and lab findings are counted together because study types have not been labelled for this profile yet.

What studies in people found

291 people received iGlarLixi before breakfast and 291 received IDegAsp at breakfast, lunch, or dinner.
Research in people
Source for this finding
“Of 582 participants, 291 received iGlarLixi, with injections self-administered before breakfast, and 291 received IDegAsp, with injections self-administered before breakfast (n = 139), lunch (n = 54) or dinner (n = 98).”
Impact of Time of Injection on the Efficacy and Safety of iGlarLixi Versus IDegAsp in Chinese People With Type 2 Diabetes: Exploratory Analysis of the Soli-D Study.
The review searched databases up to October 2012.
Research in people
Source for this finding
“A systematic search in electronic databases (up to October 2012) was conducted”
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of lixisenatide in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.
In type 2 diabetes RCTs, insulin glargine/lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) was compared with insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) and other regimens in a network meta-analysis.
Research in peopleStudied in: patients with type 2 diabetes
Source for this finding
“We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP up to July 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the three combinations of primary interest (IDegLira, iGlarLixi, IDegAsp) and their individual components (insulin degludec, insulin glargine, liraglutide, and lixisenatide).”
Comparative efficacy and safety of three fixed-ratio combination products in type 2 diabetes: A network meta-analysis.
The abstract warns that lixisenatide’s fasting-glucose ranking comes from sparse head-to-head evidence and wide credible intervals for indirect comparisons.
Research in people
Source for this finding
“however, these rankings derive from networks with sparse head-to-head evidence and wide credible intervals for indirect comparisons.”
GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy in children and adolescents with obesity: A network meta-analysis of differential cardiometabolic efficacy and safety profiles.
The GLP-1 receptor agonist group (including possible lixisenatide use) had no bariatric surgery, and the bariatric surgery group had no GLP-1 receptor agonist use.
Research in peopleStudied in: adult patients with obesity and ibd
Source for this finding
“The cohort was divided into two groups: patients with obesity and IBD prescribed GLP-1 RAs (dulaglutide, semaglutide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, exenatide, albiglutide, or tirzepatide) who had not undergone BS, and patients with obesity and IBD who underwent BS but had not received GLP-1 RAs.”
Comparison of IBD-related outcomes in patients with obesity treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists versus bariatric surgery.

What animal and lab studies suggest

Not proven in people. Results in animals or cells often do not hold up in humans.

In a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease, lixisenatide has shown neuroprotective properties.
Animal or lab studyStudied in: mouse model of parkinson's disease
Source for this finding
“has shown neuroprotective properties in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.”
Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease.
“has shown neuroprotective properties in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.”
Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease.
In lab tests, lixisenatide bound the human GLP-1 receptor more strongly than native GLP-1 (7-36 amide).
Animal or lab study
Source for this finding
“In vitro, lixisenatide bound to human GLP-1R with a greater affinity than native human GLP-1 (7-36 amide).”
Lixisenatide, a novel GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Safety

No new safety concerns were seen when lixisenatide was combined with insulin glargine in Suliqua versus using the components separately.
Regulatory record
Source for this finding
“In terms of safety there were no new safety concerns with the combination of insulin glargine and lixisenatide in Suliqua compared with the components used separately.”
Suliqua | European Medicines Agency (EMA)
The study used several external sources to interpret findings for GLP-1 drugs (including lixisenatide) and did not estimate incidence, comparative risk, or causality.
Research in people
Source for this finding
“These findings are hypothesis-generating: most active-treatment comparisons were indirect, many nodes were informed by single trials, and SUCRA rankings should not be interpreted as evidence of definitive clinical superiority.”
GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy in children and adolescents with obesity: A network meta-analysis of differential cardiometabolic efficacy and safety profiles.
“Primary-suspect records for semaglutide, tirzepatide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, and lixisenatide were analysed using reporting odds ratios, proportional reporting ratios, and an approximate Information Component.”
Postmarketing Safety Signals and Medication-Use Risks of GLP-1-Based Therapies in Diabetes and Obesity: A Multi-Source Pharmacovigilance and Regulatory Evidence-Mapping Study.

How it's used

These describe specific products as labelled or studied. They are not dosing instructions.

The EU authorised Suliqua (which contains lixisenatide) on 11 January 2017.
Regulatory record
Source for this finding
“Suliqua received a marketing authorisation valid throughout the EU on 11 January 2017.”
Suliqua | European Medicines Agency (EMA)
Suliqua (which contains lixisenatide) is indicated for adults with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes to improve glycaemic control, with diet/exercise and metformin, with or without SGLT-2 inhibitors.
Regulatory recordApplies to: adults with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus
Source for this finding
“Suliqua is indicated for the treatment of adults with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve glycaemic control as an adjunct to diet and exercise in addition to metformin with or without SGLT-2 inhibitors.”
Suliqua | European Medicines Agency (EMA)

What we don't know

Not yet covered in this profile: administration, contraindications, interactions.

A missing finding does not mean something is safe or effective.

See all 107 findings and sourcesEvery finding, grouped by topic, with its exact source passages

What is it?

A molecule, not a product name.

Identity

In the included studies, lixisenatide exposure was one of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exposures evaluated.

Sources[35]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“All the studies were conducted in the United States between 2014-2025 and evaluated the semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, tirzepatide, exenatide, lixisenatide, and albiglutide exposure.”
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and GLP-1 receptor agonist timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. · RESULTS

Identity

iGlarLixi combines insulin glargine 100 U/mL with lixisenatide.

Sources[25]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“To compare the efficacy and safety of the fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine 100 U/mL plus lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) with premixed insulin degludec plus insulin aspart (IDegAsp) according to the injection time of IDegAsp.”
Impact of Time of Injection on the Efficacy and Safety of iGlarLixi Versus IDegAsp in Chinese People With Type 2 Diabetes: Exploratory Analysis of the Soli-D Study. · AIMS

Identity

Lixisenatide is a short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist.

Sources[20]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“In people with CKD and type 2 diabetes the use of short-acting GLP-1 RA lixisenatide did not significantly influence Ao-PWV.”
Effect of lixisenatide on arterial stiffness in people with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease: Results of a randomised controlled trial. · CONCLUSIONS

Identity

One listed lixisenatide sequence is HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPSKKKKKK.

Sources[1]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Component 1: HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPSKKKKKK”
LIXISENATIDE · Sequence

Identity

Lixisenatide is a currently marketed GLP-1 receptor agonist.

Sources[29]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Notably, the currently marketed GLP-1RAs, such as Semaglutide, Liraglutide, and Lixisenatide, are long-chain GLP-1 mimetic peptides, ranging in length from 33 to 39 amino acids.”
A rationally designed 18-amino acid peptide with potential as GLP-1 receptor agonist. · INTRODUCTION

Identity

Lixisenatide is a short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist taken once daily for prandial use.

Sources[11]

Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Lixisenatide is a "short-acting" once-daily prandial GLP-1RA.”
Effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide on postprandial glucose and gastric emptying--preclinical evidence. · Abstract

Identity

Lixisenatide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist used to treat diabetes.

Sources[4][17]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

2 cited sources · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

2 cited passages across 2 source records.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Lixisenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist used for the treatment of diabetes”
Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease. · Abstract
supports · Source-backed record
“Lixisenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist used for the treatment of diabetes”
Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease. · BACKGROUND

Identity

Insulin glargine/lixisenatide (Suliqua™) is a titratable fixed-ratio combination of long-acting basal insulin and a GLP-1 receptor agonist.

Sources[13]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Subcutaneous insulin glargine/lixisenatide (Suliqua™) is a titratable, fixed-ratio combination of a long-acting basal insulin analogue and a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist”
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide: A Review in Type 2 Diabetes. · Abstract

Identity

Lixisenatide was one of the GLP-1 receptor agonist regimens analyzed in this network meta-analysis.

Sources[22]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Regimens were analyzed as individual agents, including albiglutide, dulaglutide, efpeglenatide, exenatide extended release, ITCA 650, liraglutide, lixisenatide, subcutaneous semaglutide, oral semaglutide, tirzepatide, and placebo.”
Preferred Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Established Cardiovascular Disease or High Cardiovascular Risk: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials. · Abstract

Identity

Lyxumia’s ATC code is A10BJ03.

Sources[5]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) code A10BJ03”
Lyxumia | European Medicines Agency (EMA) · Product details

Identity

Lixisenatide is a GLP1 receptor agonist (GLP1-RA).

Sources[18]

Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs), widely used for type 2 diabetes mellitus, are emerging as promising neuroprotective therapies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Agents such as exenatide, lixisenatide, and liraglutide have demonstrated disease-modifying potential in preclinical and clinical studies.”
GLP-1 agonists in neurodegeneration: a multimodal biomarker-guided approach. · Abstract

Identity

Lixisenatide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist intended to treat type 2 diabetes.

Sources[9]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Lixisenatide, under development by sanofi-aventis, is a novel human glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; non-insulin dependent diabetes).”
Lixisenatide, a novel GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. · Abstract

Identity

Lixisenatide (Ligand ID: 7387) is a peptide.

Sources[8]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Name: lixisenatide Ligand ID: 7387 Type: Peptide”
lixisenatide · Identity and approval

Identity

Lixisenatide is largely based on exendin-4 from the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum).

Sources[7]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“and is largely based on the sequence of exendin-4 from the Gila monster ( Heloderma suspectum ).”
IUPHAR ligand commentary · General comments

Identity

Suliqua contains lixisenatide (along with insulin glargine).

Sources[6]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“The active substances in Suliqua are insulin glargine and lixisenatide.”
Suliqua | European Medicines Agency (EMA) · Overview

Identity

Lixisenatide (ChEMBL ID CHEMBL2108336) is listed as a protein.

Sources[1]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL2108336 Preferred name: LIXISENATIDE Molecule type: Protein”
LIXISENATIDE · Molecule identity

Identity

Lixisenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist.

Sources[16]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety profile of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, lixisenatide, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in pediatric individuals.”
A study on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of lixisenatide in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes. · OBJECTIVE

Identity

Lixisenatide is a GLP-1 peptide mimetic.

Sources[7]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Lixisenatide is a GLP-1 peptide mimetic.”
IUPHAR ligand commentary · General comments

Identity

Lyxumia is grouped as a diabetes drug and a GLP-1 analogue.

Sources[5]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Drugs used in diabetes Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues”
Lyxumia | European Medicines Agency (EMA) · Pharmacotherapeutic group

Identity

Lixisenatide was one of the GLP-1 receptor agonists included in this study.

Sources[24]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“The cohort was divided into two groups: patients with obesity and IBD prescribed GLP-1 RAs (dulaglutide, semaglutide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, exenatide, albiglutide, or tirzepatide) who had not undergone BS, and patients with obesity and IBD who underwent BS but had not received GLP-1 RAs.”
Comparison of IBD-related outcomes in patients with obesity treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists versus bariatric surgery. · METHODS

Identity

Lixisenatide is listed as an active substance/INN for Suliqua.

Sources[6]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Active substance insulin glargine lixisenatide International non-proprietary name (INN) or common name insulin glargine lixisenatide”
Suliqua | European Medicines Agency (EMA) · Product details

Identity

Lixisenatide is listed as a GLP-1 receptor agonist in this study.

Sources[19]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“adult patients with pre-existing CP were identified and stratified by use of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, tirzepatide, exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, and albiglutide).”
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis. · Abstract

Identity

Lixisenatide is listed as a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA).

Sources[27]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“ICSRs reporting GLP-1 RAs (semaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, lixisenatide, dulaglutide)”
Evaluation of the safety profile of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a focus on thyroid cancer-related adverse events by using the European pharmacovigilance database. · METHODS

Identity

iGlarLixi combines insulin glargine 100 U/mL with lixisenatide.

Sources[38]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“iGlarLixi, a fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine 100 U/mL (iGlar) and lixisenatide (Lixi)”
Use of fixed-ratio combination of basal insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in Asians with type 2 diabetes. · Abstract

Identity

Lixisenatide is a large peptide with a molecular weight of 4858 daltons.

Sources[15]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Because lixisenatide is a large peptide molecule with a molecular weight of 4858 daltons”
Lixisenatide · Abstract

Identity

In this study, GLP-1 use could include lixisenatide prescriptions.

Sources[36]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Patients were stratified by GLP-1 use, defined as ≥2 prescriptions separated by ≥6 months for semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, or lixisenatide.”
Influence of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis. · Abstract

Identity

Lixisenatide’s sequence differs from native GLP-1.

Sources[7]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“The sequence for this drug differs from native GLP-1 as depicted in [Reference 24217],”
IUPHAR ligand commentary · General comments

Identity

The INN/common name is lixisenatide.

Sources[5]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“International non-proprietary name (INN) or common name lixisenatide”
Lyxumia | European Medicines Agency (EMA) · Product details

Identity

Lyxumia’s active substance is lixisenatide.

Sources[5]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Active substance lixisenatide”
Lyxumia | European Medicines Agency (EMA) · Product details

Identity

Lixisenatide (Lixi) is a short acting GLP-1 receptor agonist.

Sources[38]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“lixisenatide (Lixi), a short acting GLP-1 RA”
Use of fixed-ratio combination of basal insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in Asians with type 2 diabetes. · Abstract

How does it work?

Target, response, and disposition.

Mechanism

In lab tests, lixisenatide bound the human GLP-1 receptor more strongly than native GLP-1 (7-36 amide).

Sources[9]

Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“In vitro, lixisenatide bound to human GLP-1R with a greater affinity than native human GLP-1 (7-36 amide).”
Lixisenatide, a novel GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. · Abstract

Mechanism

Lixisenatide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that mimics endogenous GLP-1 to control blood sugar by improving insulin and glucagon secretion and decreasing food intake.

Sources[7]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Acts as a GLP-1 receptor agonist and mimics the action of endogenous GLP-1 peptide in controlling blood sugar levels via improved insulin and glucagon secretion and decreased food intake.”
IUPHAR ligand commentary · Mechanism of action

Mechanism

GLP receptor agonists have shown anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties.

Sources[28]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP) receptor agonists have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties, but their impact on outcomes after dermatologic surgery has not been evaluated.”
GLPs Significantly Decrease the Risk of Postoperative Surgical Complications: A TriNetX Retrospective Cohort Study. · BACKGROUND

Mechanism

This study meta-analyzed whether GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure before conception or in the first trimester is associated with HDP risk.

Sources[35]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“We performed a meta-analysis to investigating association between GLP-1 RAs preconception or first trimester of gestation exposure and HDP risk.”
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and GLP-1 receptor agonist timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. · METHODS

Mechanism

Lixisenatide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist.

Sources[3]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“We assessed the effects of lixisenatide, a glucagon-like peptide 1-receptor agonist, on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes who had had a recent acute coronary event.”
Lixisenatide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome. · Abstract

Mechanism

Before this analysis, it was unknown how GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure around conception or early pregnancy relates to HDP.

Sources[35]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“However, their association to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) after periconceptional or early pregnancy exposure remains unknown.”
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and GLP-1 receptor agonist timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. · PURPOSE

Mechanism

There are concerns that GLP-1 receptor agonists may be associated with thyroid cancer.

Sources[27]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“however, concerns regarding their potential association with thyroid cancer have emerged.”
Evaluation of the safety profile of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a focus on thyroid cancer-related adverse events by using the European pharmacovigilance database. · INTRODUCTION

Pharmacokinetics

Mean lixisenatide levels generally rose as the dose increased, regardless of ADA status.

Sources[16]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Mean lixisenatide concentrations generally increased with increasing doses irrespective of anti-drug antibody (ADA) status;”
A study on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of lixisenatide in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes. · RESULTS

Pharmacokinetics

Participants with positive ADA status had higher mean lixisenatide levels and higher between-person variability.

Sources[16]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“however, mean lixisenatide concentrations and inter-subject variability were higher for participants with positive ADA status.”
A study on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of lixisenatide in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes. · RESULTS

What has been studied?

What the evidence says.

Comparative evidence

291 people received iGlarLixi before breakfast and 291 received IDegAsp at breakfast, lunch, or dinner.

Sources[25]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Of 582 participants, 291 received iGlarLixi, with injections self-administered before breakfast, and 291 received IDegAsp, with injections self-administered before breakfast (n = 139), lunch (n = 54) or dinner (n = 98).”
Impact of Time of Injection on the Efficacy and Safety of iGlarLixi Versus IDegAsp in Chinese People With Type 2 Diabetes: Exploratory Analysis of the Soli-D Study. · RESULTS

Comparative evidence

The review searched databases up to October 2012.

Sources[12]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“A systematic search in electronic databases (up to October 2012) was conducted”
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of lixisenatide in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. · Abstract

Comparative evidence

In type 2 diabetes RCTs, insulin glargine/lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) was compared with insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) and other regimens in a network meta-analysis.

Sources[21]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP up to July 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the three combinations of primary interest (IDegLira, iGlarLixi, IDegAsp) and their individual components (insulin degludec, insulin glargine, liraglutide, and lixisenatide).”
Comparative efficacy and safety of three fixed-ratio combination products in type 2 diabetes: A network meta-analysis. · METHODS

Comparative evidence

The abstract warns that lixisenatide’s fasting-glucose ranking comes from sparse head-to-head evidence and wide credible intervals for indirect comparisons.

Sources[32]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“however, these rankings derive from networks with sparse head-to-head evidence and wide credible intervals for indirect comparisons.”
GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy in children and adolescents with obesity: A network meta-analysis of differential cardiometabolic efficacy and safety profiles. · RESULTS

Comparative evidence

The GLP-1 receptor agonist group (including possible lixisenatide use) had no bariatric surgery, and the bariatric surgery group had no GLP-1 receptor agonist use.

Sources[24]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“The cohort was divided into two groups: patients with obesity and IBD prescribed GLP-1 RAs (dulaglutide, semaglutide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, exenatide, albiglutide, or tirzepatide) who had not undergone BS, and patients with obesity and IBD who underwent BS but had not received GLP-1 RAs.”
Comparison of IBD-related outcomes in patients with obesity treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists versus bariatric surgery. · METHODS

Comparative evidence

In Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes on oral diabetes drugs, HbA1c fell more by Week 24 with iGlarLixi (insulin glargine 100 U/mL plus lixisenatide) than with IDegAsp.

Sources[34]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“At Week 24, HbA1c reductions were greater with iGlarLixi versus IDegAsp, with no treatment-by-subgroup interactions for baseline age, T2D duration or HbA1c.”
Efficacy and Safety of iGlarLixi Versus IDegAsp by Baseline Age, Disease Duration and HbA1c in Chinese People With Type 2 Diabetes: Post Hoc Analyses of the Soli-D Study. · RESULTS

Comparative evidence

The review says it’s too early to draw firm conclusions versus other incretin mimetics because data are limited.

Sources[12]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Firm conclusions regarding the performance of lixisenatide compared to other incretin mimetics, however, can not yet be drawn, due to limited data.”
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of lixisenatide in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. · Abstract

Comparative evidence

Lixisenatide was noninferior to placebo for the primary outcome, but not superior.

Sources[3]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“which showed the noninferiority of lixisenatide to placebo (P < 0.001) but did not show superiority (P=0.81).”
Lixisenatide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome. · Abstract

Comparative evidence

In RCTs, lixisenatide reduced body weight more than placebo (-0.65 kg; 95% CI: -0.94 to -0.37).

Sources[12]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Compared to placebo, lixisenatide significantly reduced HbA1c (-0.52%; 95% CI: -0.64 to -0.39), bodyweight (-0.65 kg; 95% CI: -0.94 to -0.37)”
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of lixisenatide in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. · Abstract

Comparative evidence

Across 14 RCTs in type 2 diabetes, lixisenatide lowered HbA1c more than placebo (mean difference -0.52%; 95% CI: -0.64 to -0.39).

Sources[12]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Twenty-six publications and 10 unpublished study reports, relating to 14 RCTs (6156 patients) were included. Eleven studies related to placebo comparisons; active comparators were in three studies. Compared to placebo, lixisenatide significantly reduced HbA1c (-0.52%; 95% CI: -0.64 to -0.39)”
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of lixisenatide in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. · Abstract

Comparative evidence

There were 1746 GLP-1RA users and 71,792 non-users before matching; after matching, 1728 remained in each group.

Sources[26]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Before matching, 1746 GLP-1RA users and 71,792 non-users met inclusion criteria; after matching, 1728 patients remained in each cohort.”
Association of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use with Stroke and Mortality Outcomes in Asymptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease: Propensity Score-Matched Real-World Analysis. · RESULTS

Study findings

Across reviewed trials, more patients reached A1C targets (< 7% or < 6.5%) with lixisenatide than with placebo, without a corresponding increase in weight.

Sources[14]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“In all reviewed trials, there were higher proportions of patients who achieved A1C < 7% or < 6.5% compared to placebo without a corresponding increase in weight.”
An Evaluation of the Clinical Therapeutic Effect of Lixisenatide in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Systematic Literature Review. · RESULTS

Study findings

Pooled results found no statistically significant difference in HDP risk with GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure (OR 0.91, CI 0.57-1.47).

Sources[35]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“In the pooled analysis, GLP-1 RA exposure showed a HDP risk with an OR 0.91 (OR 0.91, CI 0.57-1.47) with no statistical significance.”
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and GLP-1 receptor agonist timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. · RESULTS

Study findings

The analysis used Cox models to evaluate macrovascular and microvascular complication risk over 2 years for GLP-1 RAs.

Sources[23]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to evaluate the association between GLP-1 RAs and the risk of incident macrovascular and microvascular complications over a 2-year follow-up period.”
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Systemic and Ocular Vascular Complications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy. · MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Study findings

HbA1c decreased with lixisenatide compared with placebo.

Sources[20]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“HbA1c decreased with lixisenatide as compared to placebo.”
Effect of lixisenatide on arterial stiffness in people with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease: Results of a randomised controlled trial. · RESULTS

Study findings

Lifestyle co-interventions varied from general dietary advice to structured multidisciplinary programs (nutrition counseling, physical activity, behavioral or family support).

Sources[30]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Lifestyle interventions were heterogeneously reported, ranging from general dietary advice to structured, multidisciplinary programs including nutritional counseling, physical activity, and behavioral or family support.”
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: Clinical Outcomes and the Impact of Nutritional and Behavioral Co-Interventions-A Systematic Review. · Abstract

Study findings

After 12 months on insulin glargine/lixisenatide, median body weight fell from 93.0 kg to 89.5 kg (p< 0.001).

Sources[33]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Body weight decreased significantly from 93.0 kg to 89.5 kg (p< 0.001).”
Beyond Glycemic Control: Real-World 12-Month Effects of Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide on Weight, Endogenous Insulin Secretion, and Albuminuria. · Abstract

Study findings

After 30 weeks, HbA1c was 7.3% with lixisenatide and 6.5% with Suliqua in one study.

Sources[6]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Results showed that Suliqua is more effective at controlling blood glucose levels than either component: average HbA1c at the start of the study was 8.1%, which fell after 30 weeks of treatment to 6.5% in the group using Suliqua, compared with 6.8% in the group using insulin glargine and 7.3% in the group using lixisenatide.”
Suliqua | European Medicines Agency (EMA) · What benefits of Suliqua have been shown in studies?

Study findings

In this study population, iGlarLixi before breakfast improved HbA1c control compared with IDegAsp no matter when IDegAsp was injected.

Sources[25]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Once-daily iGlarLixi, injected before breakfast, was associated with improved HbA1c control and greater average 2-h PPG reductions compared with IDegAsp, regardless of injection time, in Chinese adults with T2D suboptimally controlled with OADs.”
Impact of Time of Injection on the Efficacy and Safety of iGlarLixi Versus IDegAsp in Chinese People With Type 2 Diabetes: Exploratory Analysis of the Soli-D Study. · CONCLUSIONS

Study findings

Because studies were heterogeneous, the independent effect of lifestyle interventions could not be determined.

Sources[30]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Due to heterogeneity in study design and reporting, the independent contribution of lifestyle interventions could not be determined.”
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: Clinical Outcomes and the Impact of Nutritional and Behavioral Co-Interventions-A Systematic Review. · Abstract

Study findings

In 78 people with type 2 diabetes using insulin glargine/lixisenatide for 12 months, median HbA1c went from 9.0% to 8.2% (p= 0.015).

Sources[33]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Median HbA1c decreased from 9.0% to 8.2% at 12 months (p= 0.015)”
Beyond Glycemic Control: Real-World 12-Month Effects of Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide on Weight, Endogenous Insulin Secretion, and Albuminuria. · Abstract

Study findings

Hospitalization for heart failure did not differ significantly between lixisenatide and placebo (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.75 to 1.23).

Sources[3]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“There were no significant between-group differences in the rate of hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio in the lixisenatide group, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.23)”
Lixisenatide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome. · Abstract

Study findings

The primary composite cardiovascular outcome was similar with lixisenatide and placebo (hazard ratio 1.02; 95% CI 0.89 to 1.17).

Sources[3]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“A primary end-point event occurred in 406 patients (13.4%) in the lixisenatide group and in 399 (13.2%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89 to 1.17)”
Lixisenatide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome. · Abstract

Study findings

At EOT in LixiLan-O-AP, more people reached > 50% dTITR with iGlarLixi than with lixisenatide.

Sources[31]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“At EOT, > 50% dTITR rate was 67.2%, 41.1% and 26.5% with iGlarLixi, iGlar and Lixi in LixiLan-O-AP, respectively”
Impact of iGlarLixi on Glycaemic Control Depth and Variability in Asian Pacific People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of LixiLan-O-AP and LixiLan-L-CN. · RESULTS

Study findings

Across all subgroups, people using iGlarLixi needed lower total daily insulin doses during treatment than those using IDegAsp.

Sources[34]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Total insulin daily doses during treatment and hypoglycaemia event rates were consistently lower with iGlarLixi versus IDegAsp in all subgroups.”
Efficacy and Safety of iGlarLixi Versus IDegAsp by Baseline Age, Disease Duration and HbA1c in Chinese People With Type 2 Diabetes: Post Hoc Analyses of the Soli-D Study. · RESULTS

Study findings

In early Parkinson’s disease, lixisenatide led to less progression of motor disability than placebo at 12 months in this phase 2 trial.

Sources[4]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“In participants with early Parkinson's disease, lixisenatide therapy resulted in less progression of motor disability than placebo at 12 months in a phase 2 trial”
Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease. · Abstract

Study findings

BMI reductions differed by study and drug; semaglutide trials reported up to -16.1%.

Sources[30]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Reported BMI reductions varied across studies and pharmacological agents, with semaglutide trials reporting reductions of up to -16.1%.”
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: Clinical Outcomes and the Impact of Nutritional and Behavioral Co-Interventions-A Systematic Review. · Abstract

Study findings

Across injection-time groups, body weight was reduced with iGlarLixi compared with IDegAsp.

Sources[25]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“iGlarLixi provided additional benefits, including reduced body weight, lower total insulin doses and less hypoglycaemia risk compared with IDegAsp in all injection-time subgroups.”
Impact of Time of Injection on the Efficacy and Safety of iGlarLixi Versus IDegAsp in Chinese People With Type 2 Diabetes: Exploratory Analysis of the Soli-D Study. · RESULTS

Study findings

GLP use was linked with a significantly lower risk of infection after a procedure compared with no GLP use.

Sources[28]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Compared with patients without GLP use, the GLP cohort was associated with a significantly reduced risk of infection after a procedure, wound disruption, skin and subcutaneous tissue infection, hematoma, and other complications.”
GLPs Significantly Decrease the Risk of Postoperative Surgical Complications: A TriNetX Retrospective Cohort Study. · RESULTS

Study findings

GLP use was linked with a significantly lower risk of skin and subcutaneous tissue infection compared with no GLP use.

Sources[28]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Compared with patients without GLP use, the GLP cohort was associated with a significantly reduced risk of infection after a procedure, wound disruption, skin and subcutaneous tissue infection, hematoma, and other complications.”
GLPs Significantly Decrease the Risk of Postoperative Surgical Complications: A TriNetX Retrospective Cohort Study. · RESULTS

Study findings

Death rates did not differ significantly between lixisenatide and placebo (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.13).

Sources[3]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“or the rate of death (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.13).”
Lixisenatide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome. · Abstract

Study findings

With insulin glargine/lixisenatide over 12 months, ACR had statistically significant paired changes, but the group median stayed similar over time.

Sources[33]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Median albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) showed statistically significant paired changes; however, group-level median values remained similar over time.”
Beyond Glycemic Control: Real-World 12-Month Effects of Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide on Weight, Endogenous Insulin Secretion, and Albuminuria. · Abstract

Study findings

GLP use was linked with a significantly lower risk of hematoma compared with no GLP use.

Sources[28]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Compared with patients without GLP use, the GLP cohort was associated with a significantly reduced risk of infection after a procedure, wound disruption, skin and subcutaneous tissue infection, hematoma, and other complications.”
GLPs Significantly Decrease the Risk of Postoperative Surgical Complications: A TriNetX Retrospective Cohort Study. · RESULTS

Study findings

In people with CKD and type 2 diabetes, lixisenatide did not significantly affect Ao-PWV.

Sources[20]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“In people with CKD and type 2 diabetes the use of short-acting GLP-1 RA lixisenatide did not significantly influence Ao-PWV.”
Effect of lixisenatide on arterial stiffness in people with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease: Results of a randomised controlled trial. · CONCLUSIONS

Study findings

GLP use was linked with a significantly lower risk of wound disruption compared with no GLP use.

Sources[28]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Compared with patients without GLP use, the GLP cohort was associated with a significantly reduced risk of infection after a procedure, wound disruption, skin and subcutaneous tissue infection, hematoma, and other complications.”
GLPs Significantly Decrease the Risk of Postoperative Surgical Complications: A TriNetX Retrospective Cohort Study. · RESULTS

Study findings

In a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease, lixisenatide has shown neuroprotective properties.

Sources[4][17]

Animal / laboratory evidence

2 cited sources · 1 linked study ID

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

2 cited passages across 2 source records.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“has shown neuroprotective properties in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.”
Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease. · Abstract
supports · Source-backed record
“has shown neuroprotective properties in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.”
Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease. · BACKGROUND

Study findings

In the reviewed studies, lixisenatide monotherapy reduced A1C, postprandial glucose, and fasting blood glucose.

Sources[14]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“lixisenatide is an effective monotherapy in the reduction of glycated hemoglobin (A1C), Postprandial Glucose (PPG) and Fasting Blood Glucose (FPG).”
An Evaluation of the Clinical Therapeutic Effect of Lixisenatide in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Systematic Literature Review. · RESULTS

Study findings

By Week 24, HbA1c fell more with iGlarLixi than with IDegAsp taken before lunch (difference -0.24%).

Sources[25]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) reductions from baseline to Week 24 were greater with iGlarLixi than IDegAsp injected before lunch (least squares mean difference -0.24% [-2.3 mmol/mol])”
Impact of Time of Injection on the Efficacy and Safety of iGlarLixi Versus IDegAsp in Chinese People With Type 2 Diabetes: Exploratory Analysis of the Soli-D Study. · RESULTS

Study findings

Lixisenatide dose–response over time was modeled using FPG, fasting insulin, and HbA1c data from six trials in 2470 people with type 2 diabetes.

Sources[2]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“This article describes the semi‐mechanistic modeling of lixisenatide dose‐response over time using fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting serum insulin (FSI) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) data from two Phase II and four Phase III clinical trials, for a total of 2470 T2DM patients.”
A drug and disease model for lixisenatide, a GLP‐1 receptor agonist in type 2 diabetes · Abstract

Study findings

In this 12-month insulin glargine/lixisenatide cohort, C-peptide rose from 2.46 to 3.00 ng/mL (p= 0.016).

Sources[33]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“C-peptide levels increased from 2.46 to 3.00 ng/mL (p= 0.016).”
Beyond Glycemic Control: Real-World 12-Month Effects of Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide on Weight, Endogenous Insulin Secretion, and Albuminuria. · Abstract

Study findings

In overweight people with T2DM using basal insulin, adding lixisenatide is linked to no weight change or weight loss.

Sources[10]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Lixisenatide is associated with a beneficial effect on weight, with either no change or a decrease in body weight when administered as add-on therapy to basal insulin in overweight patients with T2DM.”
Mechanisms and clinical efficacy of lixisenatide for the management of type 2 diabetes. · RESULTS

Study findings

In early Parkinson's disease, lixisenatide led to less progression of motor disability than placebo at 12 months in a phase 2 trial.

Sources[17]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“lixisenatide therapy resulted in less progression of motor disability than placebo at 12 months in a phase 2 trial”
Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease. · CONCLUSIONS

Study findings

With insulin glargine/lixisenatide over 12 months, 21 (26.9%) of 78 patients had an HbA1c drop of at least 1%.

Sources[33]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“with clinically meaningful improvement (≥1% reduction) observed in 21 (26.9%) patients.”
Beyond Glycemic Control: Real-World 12-Month Effects of Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide on Weight, Endogenous Insulin Secretion, and Albuminuria. · Abstract

Study findings

After 24 weeks, lixisenatide did not significantly change Ao-PWV versus placebo (p = 0.38) in people with type 2 diabetes and CKD.

Sources[20]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Ao-PWV did not change significantly from baseline after 24 weeks of treatment with final mean (95% confidence intervals) of 9.65 (9.17, 10.13) m/s with lixisenatide and 9.96 (9.45, 10.46) m/s with placebo, p = 0.38.”
Effect of lixisenatide on arterial stiffness in people with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease: Results of a randomised controlled trial. · RESULTS

Studied populations

Lyxumia is indicated for adults with type 2 diabetes, used with oral glucose-lowering medicines and/or basal insulin when diet, exercise, and those treatments do not control glucose adequately.

Sources[5]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Lyxumia is indicated for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus to achieve glycaemic control in combination with oral glucose lowering medicinal products and/or basal insulin when these, together with diet and exercise, do not provide adequate glycaemic control.”
Lyxumia | European Medicines Agency (EMA) · Therapeutic indication

Risks and interactions

Risks, organized for scanning.

Safety findings

No new safety concerns were seen when lixisenatide was combined with insulin glargine in Suliqua versus using the components separately.

Sources[6]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“In terms of safety there were no new safety concerns with the combination of insulin glargine and lixisenatide in Suliqua compared with the components used separately.”
Suliqua | European Medicines Agency (EMA) · Why is Suliqua authorised in the EU?

Safety findings

The study used several external sources to interpret findings for GLP-1 drugs (including lixisenatide) and did not estimate incidence, comparative risk, or causality.

Sources[32][37]

Human research · design must be checked

2 cited sources · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

3 cited passages across 2 source records. 2 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“These findings are hypothesis-generating: most active-treatment comparisons were indirect, many nodes were informed by single trials, and SUCRA rankings should not be interpreted as evidence of definitive clinical superiority.”
GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy in children and adolescents with obesity: A network meta-analysis of differential cardiometabolic efficacy and safety profiles. · CONCLUSION
supports · Source-backed record
“Medicaid utilisation data, FDA labelling/Safety-Related Labelling Changes resources, FDA shortage and compounded-product communications, and Canada Vigilance reports provided contextual interpretation; no data source was used to estimate incidence, comparative risk, or causality.”
Postmarketing Safety Signals and Medication-Use Risks of GLP-1-Based Therapies in Diabetes and Obesity: A Multi-Source Pharmacovigilance and Regulatory Evidence-Mapping Study. · MATERIALS AND METHODS
supports · Source-backed record
“Primary-suspect records for semaglutide, tirzepatide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, and lixisenatide were analysed using reporting odds ratios, proportional reporting ratios, and an approximate Information Component.”
Postmarketing Safety Signals and Medication-Use Risks of GLP-1-Based Therapies in Diabetes and Obesity: A Multi-Source Pharmacovigilance and Regulatory Evidence-Mapping Study. · MATERIALS AND METHODS

Products and regulatory status

Same ingredient. Different records.

Regulatory status

The EU authorised Suliqua (which contains lixisenatide) on 11 January 2017.

Sources[6]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Suliqua received a marketing authorisation valid throughout the EU on 11 January 2017.”
Suliqua | European Medicines Agency (EMA) · Other information about Suliqua

Regulatory status

Suliqua (which contains lixisenatide) is indicated for adults with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes to improve glycaemic control, with diet/exercise and metformin, with or without SGLT-2 inhibitors.

Sources[6]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Suliqua is indicated for the treatment of adults with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve glycaemic control as an adjunct to diet and exercise in addition to metformin with or without SGLT-2 inhibitors.”
Suliqua | European Medicines Agency (EMA) · Therapeutic indication

Administration context

The practical clinical context.

This profile does not yet contain a published summary for this topic. This is a coverage gap, not evidence that no research exists.

Additional research & classification gaps

19 archived statements are kept separate from drug-effect findings. Media studies, economic models, methods, and records with unresolved scope are not used as medical-effect evidence.

Inspect contextual research (19)

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Different GLP-1 therapies affect fasting and after-meal glucose differently.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Mechanisms and clinical efficacy of lixisenatide for the management of type 2 diabetes.
Different GLP-1 therapies exert differential effects on fasting and postprandial glycemia (both being major determinants of glycemic control).

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The conclusion states GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure around conception or in the first trimester is not significantly associated with HDP risk.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and GLP-1 receptor agonist timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Periconceptional or first-trimester exposure to GLP-1 RAs are not significantly associated with HDP risk.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

IDegAsp ranked highest for TEAE incidence by SUCRA (97.9%) in the analysis that included iGlarLixi.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Comparative efficacy and safety of three fixed-ratio combination products in type 2 diabetes: A network meta-analysis.
Based on SUCRA values, which provide a probabilistic ranking (indicating the likelihood of being the best rather than direct statistical superiority), IDegLira had the highest probability of being optimal for reducing HbA1c (89.4%), fasting plasma glucose (81.8%), and incidence of hypoglycemic events (57.6%), while IDegAsp ranked highest regarding the incidence of TEAEs (97.9%).

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

At 14 months (after washout), off-medication mean motor scores were 17.7 with lixisenatide and 20.6 with placebo.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease.
At 14 months, after a 2-month washout period, the mean MDS-UPDRS motor scores in the off-medication state were 17.7 (95% CI, 15.7 to 19.7) with lixisenatide and 20.6 (95% CI, 18.5 to 22.8) with placebo.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

At 12 months, motor scores changed by -0.04 with lixisenatide and 3.04 with placebo (difference 3.08; 95% CI 0.86 to 5.30; P = 0.007).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease.
At 12 months, scores on the MDS-UPDRS part III had changed by -0.04 points (indicating improvement) in the lixisenatide group and 3.04 points (indicating worsening disability) in the placebo group (difference, 3.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.86 to 5.30; P = 0.007).

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In T2DM, lixisenatide can prevent weight gain or lead to weight loss.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Mechanisms and clinical efficacy of lixisenatide for the management of type 2 diabetes.
Lixisenatide improves glycemic control, by primarily affecting PPG, while preventing weight gain or reducing body weight with a low risk of hypoglycemia in T2DM.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

At 14 months (after washout), off-medication MDS-UPDRS motor scores were 17.7 with lixisenatide vs 20.6 with placebo (with reported 95% CIs).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease.
At 14 months, after a 2-month washout period, the mean MDS-UPDRS motor scores in the off-medication state were 17.7 (95% CI, 15.7 to 19.7) with lixisenatide and 20.6 (95% CI, 18.5 to 22.8) with placebo.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

At 12 months, the MDS-UPDRS part III change was -0.04 with lixisenatide vs 3.04 with placebo (difference 3.08; 95% CI 0.86 to 5.30; P = 0.007).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease.
At 12 months, scores on the MDS-UPDRS part III had changed by -0.04 points (indicating improvement) in the lixisenatide group and 3.04 points (indicating worsening disability) in the placebo group (difference, 3.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.86 to 5.30; P = 0.007).

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In T2DM, lixisenatide improves overall glucose control mainly by lowering after-meal glucose.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Mechanisms and clinical efficacy of lixisenatide for the management of type 2 diabetes.
Lixisenatide improves glycemic control, by primarily affecting PPG, while preventing weight gain or reducing body weight with a low risk of hypoglycemia in T2DM.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In GetGoal phase 3 T2DM studies, once-daily lixisenatide reduced plasma glucose and HbA1c and markedly lowered after-meal glucose, both alone and added to other diabetes medicines (including basal insulin).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Mechanisms and clinical efficacy of lixisenatide for the management of type 2 diabetes.
The GetGoal phase 3 studies in T2DM have confirmed the efficacy of once-daily lixisenatide in reducing plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), with a pronounced lowering of postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), as monotherapy and as add-on to oral antidiabetic drugs and to basal insulin.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

AVE0010 is a synonym for lixisenatide.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

LIXISENATIDE
AVE-0010; AVE0010; AVE 010; AVE-010; Lixisenatida; Lixisenatide; Lixisenatide component of soliqua 100/33; Lyxumia; ZP 10; ZP-10

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Lyxumia is a synonym for lixisenatide.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

LIXISENATIDE
AVE-0010; AVE0010; AVE 010; AVE-010; Lixisenatida; Lixisenatide; Lixisenatide component of soliqua 100/33; Lyxumia; ZP 10; ZP-10

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

AVE-0010 is a synonym for lixisenatide.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

LIXISENATIDE
AVE-0010; AVE0010; AVE 010; AVE-010; Lixisenatida; Lixisenatide; Lixisenatide component of soliqua 100/33; Lyxumia; ZP 10; ZP-10

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

ZP-10 is a synonym for lixisenatide.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

LIXISENATIDE
AVE-0010; AVE0010; AVE 010; AVE-010; Lixisenatida; Lixisenatide; Lixisenatide component of soliqua 100/33; Lyxumia; ZP 10; ZP-10

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Lixisenatida is a synonym for lixisenatide.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

LIXISENATIDE
AVE-0010; AVE0010; AVE 010; AVE-010; Lixisenatida; Lixisenatide; Lixisenatide component of soliqua 100/33; Lyxumia; ZP 10; ZP-10

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

AVE-010 is a synonym for lixisenatide.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

LIXISENATIDE
AVE-0010; AVE0010; AVE 010; AVE-010; Lixisenatida; Lixisenatide; Lixisenatide component of soliqua 100/33; Lyxumia; ZP 10; ZP-10

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

AVE 010 is a synonym for lixisenatide.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

LIXISENATIDE
AVE-0010; AVE0010; AVE 010; AVE-010; Lixisenatida; Lixisenatide; Lixisenatide component of soliqua 100/33; Lyxumia; ZP 10; ZP-10

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

GLP-1 therapies act in T2DM by addressing too little insulin and too much glucagon in a glucose-dependent way, with minimal hypoglycemia risk.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Mechanisms and clinical efficacy of lixisenatide for the management of type 2 diabetes.
GLP-1 therapies target islet cell "defects" of insufficient insulin and excessive glucagon secretion in T2DM, in a glucose-dependent manner, with minimal risk of hypoglycemia.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Lixisenatide levels in milk are likely to be very low.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Lixisenatide
the amount in milk is likely to be very low

Research status + gaps

What still needs better answers?

Not yet covered in this profile: administration, contraindications, interactions.
Some extracted findings are not shown because they did not pass Peplexicon's automated evidence checks.

These are the limits of this profile, not an exhaustive list of scientific uncertainties.

References + discovery

Open the records yourself.

Search references

LIXISENATIDE ↗
chembl-molecule · published August 27, 2026 · retrieved August 27, 2026
A drug and disease model for lixisenatide, a GLP‐1 receptor agonist in type 2 diabetes ↗
doi · published October 19, 2013 · retrieved September 9, 2026
Lixisenatide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome. ↗
doi · published December 1, 2015 · retrieved September 4, 2026
Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease. ↗
doi · published April 1, 2024 · retrieved September 8, 2026
Lyxumia | European Medicines Agency (EMA) ↗
ema · published September 4, 2026 · retrieved September 4, 2026
Suliqua | European Medicines Agency (EMA) ↗
ema · published September 4, 2026 · retrieved September 4, 2026
IUPHAR ligand commentary ↗
iuphar-comments · published August 27, 2026 · retrieved August 27, 2026
lixisenatide ↗
iuphar-ligand · published August 27, 2026 · retrieved August 27, 2026
Lixisenatide, a novel GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ↗
pubmed · published August 1, 2009 · retrieved September 9, 2026
Mechanisms and clinical efficacy of lixisenatide for the management of type 2 diabetes. ↗
pubmed · published February 1, 2013 · retrieved September 9, 2026
Effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide on postprandial glucose and gastric emptying--preclinical evidence. ↗
pubmed · published January 1, 2014 · retrieved September 9, 2026
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of lixisenatide in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. ↗
pubmed · published September 1, 2014 · retrieved September 9, 2026
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide: A Review in Type 2 Diabetes. ↗
pubmed · published August 1, 2017 · retrieved September 9, 2026
An Evaluation of the Clinical Therapeutic Effect of Lixisenatide in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Systematic Literature Review. ↗
pubmed · published January 1, 2018 · retrieved September 9, 2026
Lixisenatide ↗
pubmed · published January 1, 2006 · retrieved September 6, 2026
A study on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of lixisenatide in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes. ↗
pubmed · published September 1, 2022 · retrieved September 4, 2026
Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease. ↗
pubmed · published April 4, 2024 · retrieved September 8, 2026
GLP-1 agonists in neurodegeneration: a multimodal biomarker-guided approach. ↗
pubmed · published July 1, 2026 · retrieved September 6, 2026
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis. ↗
pubmed · published January 6, 2026 · retrieved September 2, 2026
Effect of lixisenatide on arterial stiffness in people with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease: Results of a randomised controlled trial. ↗
pubmed · published April 1, 2026 · retrieved September 4, 2026
Comparative efficacy and safety of three fixed-ratio combination products in type 2 diabetes: A network meta-analysis. ↗
pubmed · published June 1, 2026 · retrieved September 6, 2026
Preferred Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Established Cardiovascular Disease or High Cardiovascular Risk: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials. ↗
pubmed · published April 10, 2026 · retrieved September 2, 2026
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Systemic and Ocular Vascular Complications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy. ↗
pubmed · published August 1, 2026 · retrieved August 21, 2026
Comparison of IBD-related outcomes in patients with obesity treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists versus bariatric surgery. ↗
pubmed · published April 1, 2026 · retrieved August 25, 2026
Impact of Time of Injection on the Efficacy and Safety of iGlarLixi Versus IDegAsp in Chinese People With Type 2 Diabetes: Exploratory Analysis of the Soli-D Study. ↗
pubmed · published August 1, 2026 · retrieved September 6, 2026
Association of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use with Stroke and Mortality Outcomes in Asymptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease: Propensity Score-Matched Real-World Analysis. ↗
pubmed · published May 21, 2026 · retrieved September 6, 2026
Evaluation of the safety profile of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a focus on thyroid cancer-related adverse events by using the European pharmacovigilance database. ↗
pubmed · published May 28, 2026 · retrieved September 6, 2026
GLPs Significantly Decrease the Risk of Postoperative Surgical Complications: A TriNetX Retrospective Cohort Study. ↗
pubmed · published June 1, 2026 · retrieved August 25, 2026
A rationally designed 18-amino acid peptide with potential as GLP-1 receptor agonist. ↗
pubmed · published January 1, 2026 · retrieved September 6, 2026
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: Clinical Outcomes and the Impact of Nutritional and Behavioral Co-Interventions-A Systematic Review. ↗
pubmed · published May 22, 2026 · retrieved September 6, 2026
Impact of iGlarLixi on Glycaemic Control Depth and Variability in Asian Pacific People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of LixiLan-O-AP and LixiLan-L-CN. ↗
pubmed · published September 1, 2026 · retrieved September 4, 2026
GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy in children and adolescents with obesity: A network meta-analysis of differential cardiometabolic efficacy and safety profiles. ↗
pubmed · published September 1, 2026 · retrieved September 5, 2026
Beyond Glycemic Control: Real-World 12-Month Effects of Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide on Weight, Endogenous Insulin Secretion, and Albuminuria. ↗
pubmed · published June 29, 2026 · retrieved September 4, 2026
Efficacy and Safety of iGlarLixi Versus IDegAsp by Baseline Age, Disease Duration and HbA1c in Chinese People With Type 2 Diabetes: Post Hoc Analyses of the Soli-D Study. ↗
pubmed · published October 1, 2026 · retrieved September 12, 2026
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and GLP-1 receptor agonist timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ↗
pubmed · published July 31, 2026 · retrieved September 12, 2026
Influence of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis. ↗
pubmed · published August 17, 2026 · retrieved August 18, 2026
Postmarketing Safety Signals and Medication-Use Risks of GLP-1-Based Therapies in Diabetes and Obesity: A Multi-Source Pharmacovigilance and Regulatory Evidence-Mapping Study. ↗
pubmed · published September 3, 2026 · retrieved September 5, 2026
Use of fixed-ratio combination of basal insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in Asians with type 2 diabetes. ↗
pubmed · published September 4, 2026 · retrieved September 6, 2026

Publication history and provenance

Version 11 · Automated assessment · September 12, 2026

2134d6808c32d95ebcae7a3e91225e1c524ccfaac04b6c5661c058ab24d1ddc5

Explore the structures studied.

What it is

What the research looks like

What studies in people found

What animal and lab studies suggest

Safety

How it's used

What we don't know

In the included studies, lixisenatide exposure was one of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exposures evaluated.

iGlarLixi combines insulin glargine 100 U/mL with lixisenatide.

Lixisenatide is a short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist.

One listed lixisenatide sequence is HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPSKKKKKK.

Lixisenatide is a currently marketed GLP-1 receptor agonist.

Lixisenatide is a short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist taken once daily for prandial use.

Lixisenatide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist used to treat diabetes.

Insulin glargine/lixisenatide (Suliqua™) is a titratable fixed-ratio combination of long-acting basal insulin and a GLP-1 receptor agonist.

Lixisenatide was one of the GLP-1 receptor agonist regimens analyzed in this network meta-analysis.

Lyxumia’s ATC code is A10BJ03.

Lixisenatide is a GLP1 receptor agonist (GLP1-RA).

Lixisenatide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist intended to treat type 2 diabetes.

Lixisenatide (Ligand ID: 7387) is a peptide.

Lixisenatide is largely based on exendin-4 from the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum).

Suliqua contains lixisenatide (along with insulin glargine).

Lixisenatide (ChEMBL ID CHEMBL2108336) is listed as a protein.

Lixisenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist.

Lixisenatide is a GLP-1 peptide mimetic.

Lyxumia is grouped as a diabetes drug and a GLP-1 analogue.

Lixisenatide was one of the GLP-1 receptor agonists included in this study.

Lixisenatide is listed as an active substance/INN for Suliqua.

Lixisenatide is listed as a GLP-1 receptor agonist in this study.

Lixisenatide is listed as a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA).

iGlarLixi combines insulin glargine 100 U/mL with lixisenatide.

Lixisenatide is a large peptide with a molecular weight of 4858 daltons.

In this study, GLP-1 use could include lixisenatide prescriptions.

Lixisenatide’s sequence differs from native GLP-1.

The INN/common name is lixisenatide.

Lyxumia’s active substance is lixisenatide.

Lixisenatide (Lixi) is a short acting GLP-1 receptor agonist.

In lab tests, lixisenatide bound the human GLP-1 receptor more strongly than native GLP-1 (7-36 amide).

Lixisenatide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that mimics endogenous GLP-1 to control blood sugar by improving insulin and glucagon secretion and decreasing food intake.

GLP receptor agonists have shown anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties.

This study meta-analyzed whether GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure before conception or in the first trimester is associated with HDP risk.

Lixisenatide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist.

Before this analysis, it was unknown how GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure around conception or early pregnancy relates to HDP.

There are concerns that GLP-1 receptor agonists may be associated with thyroid cancer.

Mean lixisenatide levels generally rose as the dose increased, regardless of ADA status.

Participants with positive ADA status had higher mean lixisenatide levels and higher between-person variability.

291 people received iGlarLixi before breakfast and 291 received IDegAsp at breakfast, lunch, or dinner.

The review searched databases up to October 2012.

In type 2 diabetes RCTs, insulin glargine/lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) was compared with insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) and other regimens in a network meta-analysis.

The abstract warns that lixisenatide’s fasting-glucose ranking comes from sparse head-to-head evidence and wide credible intervals for indirect comparisons.

The GLP-1 receptor agonist group (including possible lixisenatide use) had no bariatric surgery, and the bariatric surgery group had no GLP-1 receptor agonist use.

In Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes on oral diabetes drugs, HbA1c fell more by Week 24 with iGlarLixi (insulin glargine 100 U/mL plus lixisenatide) than with IDegAsp.

The review says it’s too early to draw firm conclusions versus other incretin mimetics because data are limited.

Lixisenatide was noninferior to placebo for the primary outcome, but not superior.

In RCTs, lixisenatide reduced body weight more than placebo (-0.65 kg; 95% CI: -0.94 to -0.37).

Across 14 RCTs in type 2 diabetes, lixisenatide lowered HbA1c more than placebo (mean difference -0.52%; 95% CI: -0.64 to -0.39).

There were 1746 GLP-1RA users and 71,792 non-users before matching; after matching, 1728 remained in each group.

Across reviewed trials, more patients reached A1C targets (< 7% or < 6.5%) with lixisenatide than with placebo, without a corresponding increase in weight.

Pooled results found no statistically significant difference in HDP risk with GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure (OR 0.91, CI 0.57-1.47).

The analysis used Cox models to evaluate macrovascular and microvascular complication risk over 2 years for GLP-1 RAs.

HbA1c decreased with lixisenatide compared with placebo.

Lifestyle co-interventions varied from general dietary advice to structured multidisciplinary programs (nutrition counseling, physical activity, behavioral or family support).

After 12 months on insulin glargine/lixisenatide, median body weight fell from 93.0 kg to 89.5 kg (p< 0.001).

After 30 weeks, HbA1c was 7.3% with lixisenatide and 6.5% with Suliqua in one study.

In this study population, iGlarLixi before breakfast improved HbA1c control compared with IDegAsp no matter when IDegAsp was injected.

Because studies were heterogeneous, the independent effect of lifestyle interventions could not be determined.

In 78 people with type 2 diabetes using insulin glargine/lixisenatide for 12 months, median HbA1c went from 9.0% to 8.2% (p= 0.015).

Hospitalization for heart failure did not differ significantly between lixisenatide and placebo (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.75 to 1.23).

The primary composite cardiovascular outcome was similar with lixisenatide and placebo (hazard ratio 1.02; 95% CI 0.89 to 1.17).

At EOT in LixiLan-O-AP, more people reached > 50% dTITR with iGlarLixi than with lixisenatide.

Across all subgroups, people using iGlarLixi needed lower total daily insulin doses during treatment than those using IDegAsp.

In early Parkinson’s disease, lixisenatide led to less progression of motor disability than placebo at 12 months in this phase 2 trial.

BMI reductions differed by study and drug; semaglutide trials reported up to -16.1%.

Across injection-time groups, body weight was reduced with iGlarLixi compared with IDegAsp.

GLP use was linked with a significantly lower risk of infection after a procedure compared with no GLP use.

GLP use was linked with a significantly lower risk of skin and subcutaneous tissue infection compared with no GLP use.

Death rates did not differ significantly between lixisenatide and placebo (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.13).

With insulin glargine/lixisenatide over 12 months, ACR had statistically significant paired changes, but the group median stayed similar over time.

GLP use was linked with a significantly lower risk of hematoma compared with no GLP use.