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The essentials in plain language

Exendin-4 GLP-1 receptor agonist · 39 amino acids

Exenatide

/ex-EN-a-tide/FDA-approved ingredient
Interactive anatomyExplore where this peptide acts.

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At a glance

What is it—and why does it matter?

Exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist. Exenatide acts like gut incretin hormones and increases insulin release after meals. Common side effects (>1 in 10) included hypoglycaemia (with sulphonylurea ± metformin), nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea.

Evidence behind this overview

Each sentence above is copied from a published claim presentation. The links open its evidence record.

ClassGLP-1 receptor agonist
Structure39 amino acids
StatusFDA-approved ingredient
Products in this profile2
The simple version

Think of Exenatide as the active molecule. The named products below are specific ways that molecule is formulated, approved, and used. [1]Regulatory labelByetta prescribing informationCurrent DailyMed label for immediate-release exenatide.

Simple guide

Exenatide, in plain English

The main points from the published research. Each one links to the source it comes from.

What it is

A lab-made peptide medicine that copies a natural body signal involved in blood sugar and appetite.

Status
FDA-approved ingredient
Approved use
Immediate- and extended-release products are not interchangeable dosing formats.

What the research looks like

Most published findings come from studies in people.

Who or what was studied, across 202 findings:
  • 66 People 33%
  • 34 Animals or lab 17%
  • 102 Other or unclear 50%

Counts show where findings come from, not how strong they are. Animal and lab findings are counted together because study types have not been labelled for this profile yet.

What studies in people found

What animal and lab studies suggest

Not proven in people. Results in animals or cells often do not hold up in humans.

  • Starting PT320 late only partly improved neuropsychiatric deficits in MitoPark mice.

    Animal or lab studyStudied in: mp mice
    Source for this finding
    “Late PT320 treatment partially ameliorated neuropsychiatric deficits”
    pubmed-42585299
  • Compared with doxorubicin alone, exenatide increased IL-10 by 115%, glutathione by 115%, and total antioxidant status by 87.8% in rats.

    Animal or lab studyStudied in: male wistar albino rats
    Source for this finding
    “Relative to the doxorubicin group, exenatide lowered HMGB1 by 48.3%, hepatic99mTc-pyrophosphate uptake by 48.7%, malondialdehyde by 45.0%, total oxidant status by 37.3%, nitric oxide by 40.7%, NF-κB by 40.4%, TNF-α by 48.6%, and IL-6 by 41.1%, while increasing SIRT1 by 91.7%, IL-10 by 115%, glutathione by 115%, and total antioxidant status by 87.8%.”
    Exenatide Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Hepatic Injury Through Modulation of SIRT1-HMGB1 Signaling and Oxidative Stress.
  • Starting PT320 (exenatide) early prevented anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in MitoPark mice.

    Animal or lab studyStudied in: mitopark (mp) mouse
    Source for this finding
    “ResultsEarly PT320 treatment effectively prevented the emergence of anxiety- and depression-like phenotypes in MP mice.”
    pubmed-42585299

Safety

Serious risks listed on the product label:

  • Acute pancreatitis
  • Acute kidney injury
  • Severe gastrointestinal disease

Read the full label safety summary ↓

How it's used

These describe specific products as labelled or studied. They are not dosing instructions.

What we don't know

This profile does not list specific open questions yet.

A missing finding does not mean something is safe or effective.

Study types are labelled automatically and can be wrong; each finding links to its source.

This is general information, not medical advice.

Identity + structure

A molecule, not a product name.

Chemical identity and product identity are kept separate so evidence does not leak between formulations or indications.
Preferred nameExenatideIngredient
Pharmacologic classGLP-1 receptor agonistProfile record
Peptide structure39 amino acidsProfile record
Also indexed asexenatide · exendin-4 analogSearch aliases

Mechanism + clinical pharmacology

What it does in the body.

Primary explanation

Activates GLP-1 receptors, enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppressing inappropriately elevated glucagon, slowing gastric emptying, and reducing food intake. [1]Regulatory labelByetta prescribing informationCurrent DailyMed label for immediate-release exenatide.

See all 231 findings and sourcesEvery finding, grouped by topic, with its exact source passages

Evidence ledger

What the evidence says.

202 profile findings. Contextual and unclassified research is listed separately below. Open each citation to inspect the source and its limitations.

These are evidence statements, not individualized medical instructions. Product, dose, population, and study context remain attached to each source.

Study findings

What studies observed in defined populations, comparators, and time periods.

61 statements
Source-backed statement

At 8 weeks, baseline-adjusted AUCGLP-1 was highest with glargine plus twice-daily exenatide.

Sources[23]Published evidence snapshotExenatide induces an enhanced endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 secretory response in patients receiving basal insulin.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Starting PT320 late only partly improved neuropsychiatric deficits in MitoPark mice.

Sources[59]Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42585299pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide lowered 2-hour OGTT glucose compared with placebo in adolescents with obesity.

Sources[21]Published evidence snapshotA 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of weekly exenatide in adolescents with obesity.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Compared with doxorubicin alone, exenatide increased IL-10 by 115%, glutathione by 115%, and total antioxidant status by 87.8% in rats.

Sources[54]Published evidence snapshotExenatide Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Hepatic Injury Through Modulation of SIRT1-HMGB1 Signaling and Oxidative Stress.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide showed no differences or trends versus placebo on clinical and cognitive measures.

Sources[20]Published evidence snapshotA Pilot Study of Exenatide Actions in Alzheimer's Disease.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Because studies differed too much, the review could not determine the independent effect of lifestyle interventions.

Sources[43]Published evidence snapshotGLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: Clinical Outcomes and the Impact of Nutritional and Behavioral Co-Interventions-A Systematic Review.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide reduced subcutaneous fat compared with placebo in adolescents with obesity.

Sources[21]Published evidence snapshotA 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of weekly exenatide in adolescents with obesity.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide reduced weight compared with placebo in adolescents with obesity.

Sources[21]Published evidence snapshotA 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of weekly exenatide in adolescents with obesity.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Starting PT320 (exenatide) early prevented anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in MitoPark mice.

Sources[59]Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42585299pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In adults with obesity, GLP-1RA use was linked with higher odds of voice and resonance disorders than controls (OR 1.19; p = 0.002).

Sources[58]Published evidence snapshotAssociation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Analogues and Laryngeal Symptoms in Obese Adults.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In this Parkinson’s mouse model, early PT320 prevented anxiety- and depression-like behaviors as the disease progressed.

Sources[59]Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42585299pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

After 16 weeks of exenatide treatment, serum irisin decreased from 3.35 ± 0.64 ng/mL at baseline to 3.22 ± 0.53 ng/mL (P= 0.031).

Sources[46]Published evidence snapshotChange in circulating irisin level and its association with lipid metabolism after exenatide treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Across all clinical-study patients, pulmonary vascular resistance decreased from 7.8 ± 8.0 WU to 5.9 ± 5.0 WU after exenatide.

Sources[37]Published evidence snapshotHemodynamic and metabolomic responses to infusion of GLP-1 agonist exenatide in pulmonary arterial hypertension.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide lowered % BMI 95th percentile compared with placebo in adolescents with obesity.

Sources[21]Published evidence snapshotA 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of weekly exenatide in adolescents with obesity.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Compared with doxorubicin alone, exenatide increased SIRT1 by 91.7% in rats.

Sources[54]Published evidence snapshotExenatide Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Hepatic Injury Through Modulation of SIRT1-HMGB1 Signaling and Oxidative Stress.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide did not significantly change liver fat content compared with placebo.

Sources[21]Published evidence snapshotA 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of weekly exenatide in adolescents with obesity.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In this real-world study of adults with obesity, people starting exenatide lost about 4% of their weight after 12 months on average.

Sources[55]Published evidence snapshotReal-World Comparative Weight Loss of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in the All of Us Research Program: A Retrospective Cohort Study.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide was linked to modest improvements in some self-reported diet behaviors and self-reported physical activity.

Sources[41]Published evidence snapshotThe GLP-1 Agonist Exenatide Is Associated with Improved Adherence to Health Behavior and Lifestyle Treatment in Adolescents with Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In adolescents with obesity, exenatide for 6 months improved scores for choosing recommended foods and drinks versus placebo.

Sources[41]Published evidence snapshotThe GLP-1 Agonist Exenatide Is Associated with Improved Adherence to Health Behavior and Lifestyle Treatment in Adolescents with Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The psoriasis evidence on GLP-1 receptor agonists was limited and heterogeneous, with few randomized trials.

Sources[51]Published evidence snapshotEffects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Psoriasis: An "Agent-Specific" Systematic Review of the Literature.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

At 8 weeks, fasting GLP-1 did not differ between the treatment groups.

Sources[23]Published evidence snapshotExenatide induces an enhanced endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 secretory response in patients receiving basal insulin.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

With late PT320 (exenatide) in MitoPark mice, partial neuropsychiatric improvement happened alongside more phasic dopamine release and recovered tyrosine hydroxylase in the nucleus accumbens.

Sources[59]Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42585299pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In a subset of patients, right ventricular contractility and afterload improved during pressure-volume measurements after exenatide.

Sources[37]Published evidence snapshotHemodynamic and metabolomic responses to infusion of GLP-1 agonist exenatide in pulmonary arterial hypertension.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Across seven trials in 2845 adults with type 2 diabetes treated from 16 weeks to 3 years, exenatide (5 microg twice daily under the skin for 4 weeks, then 10 microg twice daily) dose-dependently reduced body weight.

Sources[17]Published evidence snapshotExenatide: a review from pharmacology to clinical practice.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In MCT rats, exenatide improved RV stroke-volume, RV ejection fraction, and RV-arterial coupling.

Sources[37]Published evidence snapshotHemodynamic and metabolomic responses to infusion of GLP-1 agonist exenatide in pulmonary arterial hypertension.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Objective physical activity measures and other lifestyle factors did not change with exenatide.

Sources[41]Published evidence snapshotThe GLP-1 Agonist Exenatide Is Associated with Improved Adherence to Health Behavior and Lifestyle Treatment in Adolescents with Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In an 18-month Phase II trial in early Alzheimer’s disease, exenatide was safe and well-tolerated.

Sources[20]Published evidence snapshotA Pilot Study of Exenatide Actions in Alzheimer's Disease.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

At 8 weeks, baseline-adjusted AUC for glucagon and GIP did not differ between groups (not significant).

Sources[23]Published evidence snapshotExenatide induces an enhanced endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 secretory response in patients receiving basal insulin.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

With exenatide, the measured changes did not fully return to control levels; the effect was partial attenuation.

Sources[54]Published evidence snapshotExenatide Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Hepatic Injury Through Modulation of SIRT1-HMGB1 Signaling and Oxidative Stress.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In adults with obesity, GLP-1RA use was linked with higher 6-month odds of any laryngeal manifestations than controls (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.16-1.21; p < 0.0001).

Sources[58]Published evidence snapshotAssociation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Analogues and Laryngeal Symptoms in Obese Adults.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In three pivotal trials, twice-daily self-injected exenatide added on to therapy lowered A1C versus placebo in people with type 2 diabetes who were not controlled on maximum-dose metformin, sulfonylurea, or both.

Sources[15]Published evidence snapshotExenatide: from the Gila monster to the pharmacy.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Compared with doxorubicin alone, exenatide lowered HMGB1 by 48.3% and hepatic 99mTc-pyrophosphate uptake by 48.7% in rats.

Sources[54]Published evidence snapshotExenatide Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Hepatic Injury Through Modulation of SIRT1-HMGB1 Signaling and Oxidative Stress.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Compared with doxorubicin alone, exenatide lowered NF-κB by 40.4%, TNF-α by 48.6%, and IL-6 by 41.1% in rats.

Sources[54]Published evidence snapshotExenatide Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Hepatic Injury Through Modulation of SIRT1-HMGB1 Signaling and Oxidative Stress.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide reduced waist circumference compared with placebo in adolescents with obesity.

Sources[21]Published evidence snapshotA 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of weekly exenatide in adolescents with obesity.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

After PT320 (exenatide) in MitoPark mice, RNA analysis showed higher Akt3, CREB, BDNF, and TrkB expression and changes in mitochondrial-homeostasis genes.

Sources[59]Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42585299pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In antipsychotic-treated people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, exenatide was associated with lower body weight than placebo (mean difference -2.97 kg; 95% CI -5.83 to -0.11; k = 3; moderate certainty).

Sources[49]Published evidence snapshotPharmacological Interventions for Weight Reduction in Patients With Schizophrenia Treated With Antipsychotics: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Starting PT320 early prevented anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in MitoPark mice.

Sources[59]Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42585299pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In vitro, exenatide lowered the fraction of dead cells.

Sources[57]Published evidence snapshotEffects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Exenatide on Mitochondrial Dysfunction After Spinal Cord Injury.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In cell experiments, exenatide reduced the drop in viability caused by H2O2 and CCCP.

Sources[57]Published evidence snapshotEffects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Exenatide on Mitochondrial Dysfunction After Spinal Cord Injury.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Across all clinical-study patients, cardiac index increased from 2.1 ± 0.6 L/min to 2.4 ± 0.9 L/min/m2 after exenatide.

Sources[37]Published evidence snapshotHemodynamic and metabolomic responses to infusion of GLP-1 agonist exenatide in pulmonary arterial hypertension.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In one study, HbA1c fell by 1.9 percentage points at 30 weeks with Bydureon versus 1.5 points with twice-daily exenatide.

Sources[10]Published evidence snapshotBydureon | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

In phase III trials and post hoc completer analyses, adding subcutaneous exenatide twice daily was linked to progressive, significant weight loss from baseline for up to 2 years.

Sources[16]Published evidence snapshotExenatide: a review of its use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (as an adjunct to metformin and/or a sulfonylurea).pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In adolescents with obesity, exenatide for 6 months reduced portion-size scores versus placebo.

Sources[41]Published evidence snapshotThe GLP-1 Agonist Exenatide Is Associated with Improved Adherence to Health Behavior and Lifestyle Treatment in Adolescents with Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Glucagon and GIP response profiles did not differ between the groups.

Sources[23]Published evidence snapshotExenatide induces an enhanced endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 secretory response in patients receiving basal insulin.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The review included pre-clinical and clinical studies of exenatide’s effects on Aβ and tau pathology.

Sources[32]Published evidence snapshotThe effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on Alzheimer's pathophysiology: A systematic review.pubmed · T2
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In mice, inhibiting PrkcdCeA or Glp1rCeA neurons (but not SstCeA neurons) reduced the full hypophagic effect of Exendin-4.

Sources[45]Published evidence snapshotThe central amygdala gates exogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 signals.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In adolescents with obesity, exenatide for 6 months increased self-reported physical activity versus placebo.

Sources[41]Published evidence snapshotThe GLP-1 Agonist Exenatide Is Associated with Improved Adherence to Health Behavior and Lifestyle Treatment in Adolescents with Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In adults with obesity, GLP-1RA use was linked with higher odds of cough than controls (OR 1.46; p < 0.0001).

Sources[58]Published evidence snapshotAssociation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Analogues and Laryngeal Symptoms in Obese Adults.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Starting PT320 (exenatide) late partly improved neuropsychiatric deficits in MitoPark mice.

Sources[59]Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42585299pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Across seven trials in 2845 adults with type 2 diabetes treated from 16 weeks to 3 years, exenatide (5 microg twice daily under the skin for 4 weeks, then 10 microg twice daily) dose-dependently lowered HbA1c.

Sources[17]Published evidence snapshotExenatide: a review from pharmacology to clinical practice.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Compared with doxorubicin alone, exenatide lowered malondialdehyde by 45.0%, total oxidant status by 37.3%, and nitric oxide by 40.7% in rats.

Sources[54]Published evidence snapshotExenatide Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Hepatic Injury Through Modulation of SIRT1-HMGB1 Signaling and Oxidative Stress.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Over six months, exenatide lowered BMI-SDS compared with placebo in adolescents with obesity.

Sources[21]Published evidence snapshotA 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of weekly exenatide in adolescents with obesity.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Lifestyle programs varied widely, from general diet advice to structured multidisciplinary programs with nutrition, activity, and behavioral/family support.

Sources[43]Published evidence snapshotGLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: Clinical Outcomes and the Impact of Nutritional and Behavioral Co-Interventions-A Systematic Review.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In Parkinson’s disease trials, exenatide 20 µg/day improved ON-state motor scores (MDS-UPDRS Part III) by a mean difference of −9.80 (95% CI −14.47 to −5.13).

Sources[30]Published evidence snapshotEfficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and exploratory network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In vitro, exenatide helped maintain mitochondrial membrane potential.

Sources[57]Published evidence snapshotEffects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Exenatide on Mitochondrial Dysfunction After Spinal Cord Injury.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

On the 8-week OGTT, baseline-adjusted GLP-1 was highest with glargine plus twice-daily exenatide at 30, 60, and 90 minutes.

Sources[23]Published evidence snapshotExenatide induces an enhanced endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 secretory response in patients receiving basal insulin.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In one study, HbA1c fell by 1.6 points at 24 weeks with Bydureon versus 0.9 points with twice-daily exenatide.

Sources[10]Published evidence snapshotBydureon | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

At 8 weeks, people on glargine plus twice-daily exenatide had higher GLP-1 levels at 30 and 60 minutes after the glucose challenge than the other treatments.

Sources[23]Published evidence snapshotExenatide induces an enhanced endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 secretory response in patients receiving basal insulin.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Across all clinical-study patients, mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 45 ± 15 mmHg to 40 ± 18 mmHg after exenatide.

Sources[37]Published evidence snapshotHemodynamic and metabolomic responses to infusion of GLP-1 agonist exenatide in pulmonary arterial hypertension.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The conclusion says GLP-1RA/GIP use in adults is linked to higher rates of laryngeal symptoms, especially cough and voice/resonance disorders.

Sources[58]Published evidence snapshotAssociation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Analogues and Laryngeal Symptoms in Obese Adults.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide did not differ from placebo for meal frequency, snacking, sleep, screen time, or objective physical fitness/activity measures in adolescents with obesity.

Sources[41]Published evidence snapshotThe GLP-1 Agonist Exenatide Is Associated with Improved Adherence to Health Behavior and Lifestyle Treatment in Adolescents with Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Comparative evidence

How the studied intervention compared with another intervention, comparator, or threshold.

4 statements
Source-backed statement

68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT was positive more often in aggressive insulinomas than in indolent cases (92.0% vs 67.7%; P = 0.047).

Sources[48]Published evidence snapshotGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor PET in indolent and aggressive insulinoma: Diagnostic performance, quantitative differences, and clinical implications.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Overall glycaemic control with exenatide was similar to insulin glargine once daily or biphasic insulin aspart twice daily.

Sources[16]Published evidence snapshotExenatide: a review of its use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (as an adjunct to metformin and/or a sulfonylurea).pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

When used with metformin, exenatide had an overall hypoglycaemia rate similar to placebo.

Sources[16]Published evidence snapshotExenatide: a review of its use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (as an adjunct to metformin and/or a sulfonylurea).pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

When used with metformin and a sulfonylurea, exenatide had an overall hypoglycaemia rate similar to insulin comparators.

Sources[16]Published evidence snapshotExenatide: a review of its use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (as an adjunct to metformin and/or a sulfonylurea).pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Mechanism

Source-backed statements about targets, pathways, and biological response.

22 statements
Source-backed statement

The findings suggest exenatide may shift mitochondria toward more fusion than fission.

Sources[57]Published evidence snapshotEffects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Exenatide on Mitochondrial Dysfunction After Spinal Cord Injury.pubmed · T3
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide bound to human GLP-1 receptors in CHOK1 cells with IC50 0.66 nM (radioligand displacement).

Sources[5]Published evidence snapshotChEMBL activities for CHEMBL414357chembl-activities · T6
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The study used sensitivity analyses with positive and negative controls to check how robust the exenatide-including FAERS signals were.

Sources[27]Published evidence snapshotNot All GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Are Alike: Real-World Evidence of Differential Endocrine and Dermatologic Safety.pubmed · T3
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exendin-4’s anxiolytic effect involved activating GLP-1 receptors in the basolateral amygdala.

Sources[60]Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42592101pubmed · T3
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Results fit with SIRT1-HMGB1/NF-κB-related signaling being involved, but this study does not prove it causes the effects.

Sources[54]Published evidence snapshotExenatide Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Hepatic Injury Through Modulation of SIRT1-HMGB1 Signaling and Oxidative Stress.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

New GLP-1RA delivery approaches include nanocarriers, microcarriers, hydrogels, microneedles, and long-acting or co-/nano-formulated agents.

Sources[38]Published evidence snapshotAdvances in GLP-1 receptor agonists delivery systems for obesity and diabetes.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Hormone secretion was measured during a 2-hour OGTT at baseline and after stopping treatment at 8 weeks, with blood levels checked every 30 minutes.

Sources[23]Published evidence snapshotExenatide induces an enhanced endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 secretory response in patients receiving basal insulin.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

GLP-1 stimulates insulin release when glucose is present.

Sources[18]Published evidence snapshotExendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, provides neuroprotection in mice transient focal cerebral ischemia.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The study used logistic regression to calculate crude and adjusted reporting odds ratios for exenatide while controlling for confounders.

Sources[27]Published evidence snapshotNot All GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Are Alike: Real-World Evidence of Differential Endocrine and Dermatologic Safety.pubmed · T3
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

GLP-1R/PKA/CREB1 signaling was markedly downregulated in atRAL-challenged 661W cells and in neural retina of light-exposed Abca4-/-Rdh8-/- mice.

Sources[40]Published evidence snapshotExendin-4 averts all-trans-retinal-driven damage to photoreceptors and the retina via the GLP-1R/PKA/CREB1 signaling axis.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

With PT320, gene expression increases (Akt3, CREB, BDNF, TrkB) and mitochondrial-homeostasis genes were modulated.

Sources[59]Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42585299pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In vivo, peripheral Exendin-4 quickly and persistently activated central amygdala neurons, and Exendin-9 pretreatment blocked this activation.

Sources[45]Published evidence snapshotThe central amygdala gates exogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 signals.pubmed · T3
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The study design tested prevention (attenuation) rather than reversal of existing injury.

Sources[54]Published evidence snapshotExenatide Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Hepatic Injury Through Modulation of SIRT1-HMGB1 Signaling and Oxidative Stress.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide activated human GLP-1 receptors in CHO cells with EC50 0.004 nM (cAMP luciferase assay).

Sources[5]Published evidence snapshotChEMBL activities for CHEMBL414357chembl-activities · T6
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In these experiments, exenatide was linked to higher OPA1 expression.

Sources[57]Published evidence snapshotEffects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Exenatide on Mitochondrial Dysfunction After Spinal Cord Injury.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The analysis combined injection-site and skin-related events into a single "Skin and Injection-Site Reactions" category (used for exenatide and other GLP-1RAs).

Sources[61]Published evidence snapshotGlucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist-Associated Injection Site and Dermatologic Reactions.pubmed · T3
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide acts like incretin hormones and increases insulin release from the pancreas in response to food.

Sources[10]Published evidence snapshotBydureon | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

The primary outcome was time to first of: death, stroke, dialysis-requiring renal failure, or new/worsening heart failure.

Sources[22]Published evidence snapshotEfficacy of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonist Exenatide in Patients Undergoing CABG or Aortic Valve Replacement: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide acts like gut incretin hormones and increases insulin release after meals.

Sources[10]Published evidence snapshotBydureon | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6[11]Published evidence snapshotByetta | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

2 cited sources · 2 regulatory records

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

3 cited passages across 2 source records.

Source-backed statement

The results are consistent with SIRT1-HMGB1/NF-κB-related signaling, but causality was not established.

Sources[54]Published evidence snapshotExenatide Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Hepatic Injury Through Modulation of SIRT1-HMGB1 Signaling and Oxidative Stress.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The peptides were tested in vitro for concentration- and receptor-dependent effects on insulin secretion and beta-cell turnover.

Sources[26]Published evidence snapshotUnimolecular GLP-1/Apelin Hybrid Peptides Cause Prominent Appetite Suppression, as Well as Enhancing Insulin Secretion, Beta-Cell Survival and Glycaemic Regulation.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide was linked to more Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser637.

Sources[57]Published evidence snapshotEffects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Exenatide on Mitochondrial Dysfunction After Spinal Cord Injury.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Pharmacokinetics

How the studied compound is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and cleared.

8 statements
Source-backed statement

Exenatide’s mean terminal half-life in humans is 2.4 hours.

Sources[9]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use EXENATIDE INJECTION safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for EXENATIDE INJECTION.EXENATIDE injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

GLP-1 has a short half-life in the body.

Sources[14]Published evidence snapshotPharmacology of exenatide (synthetic exendin-4): a potential therapeutic for improved glycemic control of type 2 diabetes.pubmed · T3
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

All ELA peptides were enzymatically stable in murine plasma.

Sources[26]Published evidence snapshotUnimolecular GLP-1/Apelin Hybrid Peptides Cause Prominent Appetite Suppression, as Well as Enhancing Insulin Secretion, Beta-Cell Survival and Glycaemic Regulation.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In IGT patients, exenatide 10 ug subcutaneously twice daily had a terminal half-life of 2.4 hr.

Sources[5]Published evidence snapshotChEMBL activities for CHEMBL414357chembl-activities · T6
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease, mean exenatide exposure increased by 3.37-fold versus normal renal function.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide is a large peptide with a molecular weight of 4187 daltons.

Sources[19]Published evidence snapshotExenatidepubmed · T3
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

GLP-1 analogs have limited oral bioavailability due to enzymatic degradation and poor intestinal permeability.

Sources[42]Published evidence snapshotA two-tier protection strategy for oral delivery of GLP-1 peptides: lipid-based formulation combined with enteric capsules.pubmed · T3
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

After a subcutaneous dose in patients with type 2 diabetes, exenatide reaches median peak blood levels in 2.1 hours.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Safety findings

Observed or labeled risks, adverse effects, and safety signals.

10 statements
Source-backed statement

Pancreatitis, including serious and sometimes fatal types, has been seen in people treated with BYETTA and other GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

In adults, the most common side effects are nausea and diarrhoea.

Sources[10]Published evidence snapshotBydureon | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Common side effects (>1 in 10) included hypoglycaemia (with sulphonylurea ± metformin), nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea.

Sources[11]Published evidence snapshotByetta | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

People can develop antibodies to exenatide on BYETTA; in 3%, 4%, and 1% of patients in the 30-week, 24-week, and 16-week studies, antibodies were linked to a reduced glycemic response.

Sources[8]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA®(exenatide) InjectionInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Using exenatide with a sulfonylurea (or other insulin secretagogue) or insulin can increase the risk of hypoglycemia, including severe hypoglycemia.

Sources[9]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use EXENATIDE INJECTION safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for EXENATIDE INJECTION.EXENATIDE injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

In adults, the most common side effects of Bydureon are nausea and diarrhoea.

Sources[10]Published evidence snapshotBydureon | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

2 cited passages across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Never share exenatide pens between patients, even with a new needle, because it can spread blood-borne pathogens.

Sources[9]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use EXENATIDE INJECTION safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for EXENATIDE INJECTION.EXENATIDE injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Acute pancreatitis (including fatal and non-fatal hemorrhagic or necrotizing pancreatitis) has been observed with GLP-1 receptor agonists, including exenatide.

Sources[9]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use EXENATIDE INJECTION safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for EXENATIDE INJECTION.EXENATIDE injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Acute pancreatitis, including fatal and non-fatal hemorrhagic or necrotizing pancreatitis, has been observed with GLP-1 receptor agonists including BYETTA.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Never share a BYETTA pen, even with a new needle, because it can spread blood-borne infections.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Contraindications

Circumstances in which a specific product label says it should not be used.

11 statements
Source-backed statement

Do not use exenatide injection if you previously had a severe allergic reaction to exenatide or its ingredients.

Sources[9]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use EXENATIDE INJECTION safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for EXENATIDE INJECTION.EXENATIDE injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

BYETTA should not be used in patients who previously had severe hypersensitivity reactions to exenatide or product components.

Sources[8]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA®(exenatide) InjectionInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Do not use BYETTA if there has been a prior severe hypersensitivity reaction to exenatide or any product component.

Sources[8]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA®(exenatide) InjectionInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

2 cited passages across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Do not use BYETTA if you previously had drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia from an exenatide medicine.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Do not use Byetta if you are allergic to exenatide or any ingredient in the product.

Sources[11]Published evidence snapshotByetta | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Do not use exenatide injection if you had drug-induced immune-mediated thrombocytopenia from exenatide products.

Sources[9]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use EXENATIDE INJECTION safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for EXENATIDE INJECTION.EXENATIDE injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

BYETTA is not recommended for people with severe kidney impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min) or end-stage kidney disease.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Do not use exenatide injection if you have had a severe allergic reaction to exenatide or its ingredients.

Sources[9]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use EXENATIDE INJECTION safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for EXENATIDE INJECTION.EXENATIDE injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Do not use BYETTA if you have had a severe allergic reaction to exenatide or any ingredient in BYETTA.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Do not use BYETTA if you have had a severe allergic reaction to exenatide or any BYETTA ingredient.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Do not use BYETTA if you have had a severe allergic reaction to exenatide or BYETTA’s ingredients.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Interactions

Source-backed product and drug interaction statements.

10 statements
Source-backed statement

BYETTA can slow how fast some oral medicines are absorbed because it slows gastric emptying.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Do not use BYETTA together with other medicines that contain exenatide.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

If Bydureon is added to insulin, the insulin dose may need adjustment.

Sources[10]Published evidence snapshotBydureon | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Using BYETTA with a sulfonylurea increases the risk of hypoglycemia.

Sources[8]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA®(exenatide) InjectionInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Do not use exenatide injection together with other products that contain exenatide.

Sources[9]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use EXENATIDE INJECTION safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for EXENATIDE INJECTION.EXENATIDE injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Using BYETTA with a sulfonylurea or insulin can raise the risk of low blood sugar, including severe low blood sugar.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

BYETTA can slow gastric emptying and reduce how much and how fast some oral drugs are absorbed.

Sources[8]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA®(exenatide) InjectionInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

If Bydureon is added to a sulphonylurea, the sulphonylurea dose may need lowering because of low blood sugar risk.

Sources[10]Published evidence snapshotBydureon | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Do not use BYETTA together with other medicines that contain exenatide.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Postmarketing reports describe increased INR, sometimes with bleeding, when warfarin is used with BYETTA.

Sources[8]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA®(exenatide) InjectionInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Regulatory status

Product-, indication-, and jurisdiction-specific regulatory records.

2 statements
Source-backed statement

Exenatide injection is used with diet and exercise to improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Sources[9]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use EXENATIDE INJECTION safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for EXENATIDE INJECTION.EXENATIDE injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

3 cited passages across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Bydureon received EU-wide marketing authorisation on 17 June 2011.

Sources[10]Published evidence snapshotBydureon | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Administration

Product-specific route, timing, formulation, and use instructions—not universal dosing advice.

10 statements
Source-backed statement

Byetta is injected under the skin of the thigh, abdomen, or upper arm using the injection pen.

Sources[11]Published evidence snapshotByetta | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

If you use insulin too, inject BYETTA and insulin separately and never mix them; they can be in the same body region but not next to each other.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Bydureon is injected under the skin once a week (same day each week) in the abdomen, thigh, or back of the upper arm.

Sources[10]Published evidence snapshotBydureon | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Start BYETTA at 5 mcg twice daily within 60 minutes before morning and evening meals; if needed, increase to 10 mcg twice daily after 1 month. Inject under the skin in the thigh, abdomen, or upper arm, and do not give after a meal.

Sources[8]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA®(exenatide) InjectionInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

BYETTA is a clear, colorless exenatide solution in single-patient prefilled pens: 5 mcg per dose (300 mcg/1.2 mL; 250 mcg/mL; 60 doses) and 10 mcg per dose (600 mcg/2.4 mL; 250 mcg/mL; 60 doses).

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

If using insulin too, inject exenatide separately and never mix them; you can use the same body region but not right next to each other.

Sources[9]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use EXENATIDE INJECTION safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for EXENATIDE INJECTION.EXENATIDE injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Byetta is injected under the skin in the thigh, tummy, or upper arm using a pen.

Sources[11]Published evidence snapshotByetta | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide Injection, USP is a clear, colorless sterile solution for under-the-skin injection with 250 mcg/mL exenatide.

Sources[9]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use EXENATIDE INJECTION safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for EXENATIDE INJECTION.EXENATIDE injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

If you use insulin, inject BYETTA separately and never mix them; you can use the same body region but not side-by-side.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Inject each BYETTA dose under the skin in the thigh, abdomen, or upper arm.

Sources[8]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA®(exenatide) InjectionInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Dose records

Product- and indication-specific dose statements preserved separately to prevent unsafe generalization.

14 statements
Source-backed statement

Start BYETTA at 5 mcg twice daily within 60 minutes before morning and evening meals; it can be increased to 10 mcg twice daily after 1 month based on response.

Sources[8]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA®(exenatide) InjectionInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

If needed, increase BYETTA to 10 mcg twice daily after 1 month to lower the risk of stomach-related side effects.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

If needed, BYETTA can be increased to 10 mcg twice daily after 1 month.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

In a clinical study, three people with type 2 diabetes each took a single 100 mcg subcutaneous overdose (10-times the maximum recommended dose).

Sources[9]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use EXENATIDE INJECTION safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for EXENATIDE INJECTION.EXENATIDE injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Start exenatide injection at 5 mcg under the skin twice daily within 60 minutes before morning and evening meals (about 6 hours apart).

Sources[9]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use EXENATIDE INJECTION safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for EXENATIDE INJECTION.EXENATIDE injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Start BYETTA at 5 mcg twice daily within 60 minutes before morning and evening meals; it can be increased to 10 mcg twice daily after 1 month based on response.

Sources[8]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA®(exenatide) InjectionInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

BYETTA is a 250 mcg/mL sterile solution in prefilled pens that deliver 5 mcg or 10 mcg per dose (60 doses each).

Sources[8]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA®(exenatide) InjectionInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Start exenatide injection at 5 mcg under the skin twice daily within 60 minutes before morning and evening meals (about 6 hours apart).

Sources[9]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use EXENATIDE INJECTION safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for EXENATIDE INJECTION.EXENATIDE injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

2 cited passages across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

BYETTA is a sterile 250 mcg/mL exenatide solution in prefilled pens: 5 mcg per dose (60 doses, 1.2 mL) and 10 mcg per dose (60 doses, 2.4 mL).

Sources[8]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA®(exenatide) InjectionInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Byetta usually starts at 5 micrograms twice a day for at least 1 month, then may be increased to 10 micrograms twice a day.

Sources[11]Published evidence snapshotByetta | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

More than 10 micrograms twice a day is not recommended for Byetta.

Sources[11]Published evidence snapshotByetta | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Start BYETTA at 5 mcg under the skin twice daily within 60 minutes before morning and evening meals; do not take it after a meal.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

3 cited passages across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Byetta starts at 5 micrograms twice daily for at least a month, can be increased to 10 micrograms twice daily, and higher than 10 micrograms twice daily is not recommended.

Sources[11]Published evidence snapshotByetta | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

If needed, exenatide injection can be increased to 10 mcg twice daily after 1 month.

Sources[9]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use EXENATIDE INJECTION safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for EXENATIDE INJECTION.EXENATIDE injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Studied populations

Who was represented in a study, label, or registry record.

6 statements
Source-backed statement

Bydureon is used with other diabetes medicines (including long-acting insulin) for adults and children aged 10 years and above with type 2 diabetes when other medicines don’t control blood sugar well enough.

Sources[10]Published evidence snapshotBydureon | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Byetta is used for type-2 diabetes.

Sources[11]Published evidence snapshotByetta | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Byetta is used to treat type-2 diabetes.

Sources[11]Published evidence snapshotByetta | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Bydureon (exenatide) is used with other diabetes medicines, including long-acting insulin, for adults and children aged 10 years and above with type 2 diabetes when other medicines do not control blood sugar well enough.

Sources[10]Published evidence snapshotBydureon | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

BYETTA is not recommended in end-stage renal disease or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min) and should be used cautiously in people with renal transplantation.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

BYETTA is not recommended in end-stage renal disease or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min).

Sources[8]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA®(exenatide) InjectionInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Identity

Ingredient, molecule, and product identity statements.

44 statements
Source-backed statement

The peptide studied was a GLP-1/apelin hybrid called exendin-4-linker-apelin (ELA), along with acylated forms including ELA-Lys12(γGluPal), ELA-Lys27(γGluPal), and ELA-Lys38(γGluPal).

Sources[26]Published evidence snapshotUnimolecular GLP-1/Apelin Hybrid Peptides Cause Prominent Appetite Suppression, as Well as Enhancing Insulin Secretion, Beta-Cell Survival and Glycaemic Regulation.pubmed · T3
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide was one of the GLP-1 receptor agonists evaluated for pregnancy exposure in the included studies.

Sources[56]Published evidence snapshotHypertensive disorders of pregnancy and GLP-1 receptor agonist timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

This analysis included exenatide extended release as one of the GLP-1 receptor agonist treatments studied.

Sources[28]Published evidence snapshotPreferred Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Established Cardiovascular Disease or High Cardiovascular Risk: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Having an exenatide prescription counted someone as a GLP-1 user in this study.

Sources[31]Published evidence snapshotGLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Wound Outcomes After Free Flap Breast Reconstruction.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

This review covers innovative delivery technologies for exenatide as a main GLP-1 receptor agonist.

Sources[38]Published evidence snapshotAdvances in GLP-1 receptor agonists delivery systems for obesity and diabetes.pubmed · T3
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

This review includes exenatide among the obesity medications it plans to discuss.

Sources[29]Published evidence snapshotChildhood Obesity, Medications, and Surgeries.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide was one of the GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs evaluated.

Sources[44]Published evidence snapshotComparison of Specific Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Kidney Outcomes Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist.

Sources[57]Published evidence snapshotEffects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Exenatide on Mitochondrial Dysfunction After Spinal Cord Injury.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The study included adults with obesity who started exenatide.

Sources[55]Published evidence snapshotReal-World Comparative Weight Loss of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in the All of Us Research Program: A Retrospective Cohort Study.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide (Byetta) is a novel, synthetic incretin mimetic peptide that regulates glucose.

Sources[16]Published evidence snapshotExenatide: a review of its use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (as an adjunct to metformin and/or a sulfonylurea).pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Byetta is an injectable solution containing exenatide, supplied in prefilled pens that deliver 5 or 10 micrograms per dose.

Sources[11]Published evidence snapshotByetta | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA).

Sources[53]Published evidence snapshotIncretin-Based Therapies in Sports: Pharmacological Mechanisms, Performance-Enhancing Potential, and Anti-Doping Implications-A Narrative Review.pubmed · T3
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide’s listed molecular formula is C184H282N50O60S.

Sources[6]Published evidence snapshotEXENATIDEchembl-molecule · T6
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Sita-Ex-Cs-SeNPs are chitosan-selenium nanoparticles loaded with sitagliptin and conjugated with exenatide.

Sources[47]Published evidence snapshotThe Preparation and Physicochemical Characterization of a Triple Synergistic Nanoplatform Designed for Targeted Subcutaneous Delivery of Sitagliptin with Potential for β-Cell Preservation.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide is a GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) agonist.

Sources[22]Published evidence snapshotEfficacy of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonist Exenatide in Patients Undergoing CABG or Aortic Valve Replacement: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Byetta is an injectable exenatide medicine in prefilled pens that give 5 or 10 micrograms per dose.

Sources[11]Published evidence snapshotByetta | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide is found in the venom of the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum).

Sources[12]Published evidence snapshotIUPHAR ligand commentaryiuphar-comments · T6
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

This review included exenatide in 5 studies.

Sources[43]Published evidence snapshotGLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: Clinical Outcomes and the Impact of Nutritional and Behavioral Co-Interventions-A Systematic Review.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide is a GLP-1 agonist.

Sources[22]Published evidence snapshotEfficacy of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonist Exenatide in Patients Undergoing CABG or Aortic Valve Replacement: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial.pubmed · T2
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist.

Sources[41]Published evidence snapshotThe GLP-1 Agonist Exenatide Is Associated with Improved Adherence to Health Behavior and Lifestyle Treatment in Adolescents with Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide was one of the six GLP-1 receptor agonists included in the FAERS analysis.

Sources[27]Published evidence snapshotNot All GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Are Alike: Real-World Evidence of Differential Endocrine and Dermatologic Safety.pubmed · T3
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide is a synthetic form of the peptide used clinically.

Sources[12]Published evidence snapshotIUPHAR ligand commentaryiuphar-comments · T6
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

BYETTA is a sterile subcutaneous injection solution (250 mcg/mL exenatide) supplied in prefilled pens: 5 mcg per dose (60 doses, 1.2 mL) or 10 mcg per dose (60 doses, 2.4 mL).

Sources[8]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA®(exenatide) InjectionInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide was one of the GLP-1 receptor agonists included in primary research assessed for suicidality.

Sources[25]Published evidence snapshotAssociation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Suicidality: A Systematic Review.pubmed · T2
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide is a 39-amino acid peptide amide with molecular weight of 4186.6 Daltons.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

PT320 is a sustained-release GLP-1 receptor agonist (exenatide).

Sources[59]Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42585299pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

2 cited passages across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide was one of the GLP-1 receptor agonists counted as GLP-1 RA use in this study.

Sources[33]Published evidence snapshotGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Systemic and Ocular Vascular Complications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

PT320 is a sustained-release GLP-1 receptor agonist (exenatide).

Sources[59]Published evidence snapshotpubmed-42585299pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide was one of the GLP-1 receptor agonists assessed in this EudraVigilance safety-report analysis.

Sources[39]Published evidence snapshotEvaluation of the safety profile of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a focus on thyroid cancer-related adverse events by using the European pharmacovigilance database.pubmed · T3
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide is a synthetic form of a protein found in Gila monster saliva.

Sources[15]Published evidence snapshotExenatide: from the Gila monster to the pharmacy.pubmed · T3
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide’s listed molecular weight is 4186.64.

Sources[6]Published evidence snapshotEXENATIDEchembl-molecule · T6
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Ligand ID 1135 is named exendin-4.

Sources[13]Published evidence snapshotexendin-4iuphar-ligand · T6
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide is described as synthetic exendin-4 (EX-4).

Sources[40]Published evidence snapshotExendin-4 averts all-trans-retinal-driven damage to photoreceptors and the retina via the GLP-1R/PKA/CREB1 signaling axis.pubmed · T3
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

This scoping review included 4 human studies that assessed exenatide monotherapy and energy expenditure.

Sources[24]Published evidence snapshotEffects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (Mono and Combination Therapy) on Energy Expenditure: A Scoping Review.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist.

Sources[54]Published evidence snapshotExenatide Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Hepatic Injury Through Modulation of SIRT1-HMGB1 Signaling and Oxidative Stress.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide (BYETTA) is a synthetic peptide GLP-1 receptor agonist originally identified in the lizard Heloderma suspectum.

Sources[7]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use BYETTA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BYETTA.BYETTA® (exenatide) injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide is one of the GLP-1 receptor agonists included in this study.

Sources[35]Published evidence snapshotGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity Without Diabetes.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide was one of the GLP-1 receptor agonists prescribed in this adult obesity-and-IBD cohort study.

Sources[36]Published evidence snapshotComparison of IBD-related outcomes in patients with obesity treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists versus bariatric surgery.pubmed · T3
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide was one of the GLP-1 receptor agonists tested in diet-induced obese mice.

Sources[52]Published evidence snapshotVutiglabridin overcomes the GLP-1 RA-associated weight-loss plateau to achieve normal body weight.pubmed · T3
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide is a 39-amino acid peptide amide with a molecular weight of 4186.6 Daltons.

Sources[9]Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use EXENATIDE INJECTION safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for EXENATIDE INJECTION.EXENATIDE injection, for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005dailymed · T1
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

One listed exenatide sequence is SPPPAGSSPGGNKLWEIFLRVAEEEMQKSLDSTFTGEGH.

Sources[6]Published evidence snapshotEXENATIDEchembl-molecule · T6
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Bydureon contains exenatide.

Sources[10]Published evidence snapshotBydureon | European Medicines Agency (EMA)ema · T6
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide (CHEMBL414357) is listed as a protein.

Sources[6]Published evidence snapshotEXENATIDEchembl-molecule · T6
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Exenatide is a GLP-1 agonist.

Sources[37]Published evidence snapshotHemodynamic and metabolomic responses to infusion of GLP-1 agonist exenatide in pulmonary arterial hypertension.pubmed · T3
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Additional research & classification gaps

29 archived statements are kept separate from drug-effect findings. Media studies, economic models, methods, and records with unresolved scope are not used as medical-effect evidence.

Inspect contextual research (29)
Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT was more often positive in aggressive than indolent insulinomas (92.0% vs. 67.7%; P = 0.047).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Exenatide was compared against control groups that included placebo and non-placebo controls.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

68Ga-exendin-4 PET/CT detected aggressive insulinomas less often than indolent tumors (76.0% vs. 98.4%; P = 0.002).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Because the study ended early, it was underpowered and firm conclusions cannot be drawn.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Under intermittent high-fat diet access, inhibiting Glp1rCeA neurons significantly reversed Exendin-4’s reduction of high-fat diet consumption.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

For indolent insulinomas, 68Ga-exendin-4 PET/CT had 98.4% sensitivity, 71.4% specificity, and 95.8% accuracy.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In indolent insulinomas, 68Ga-exendin-4 PET/CT had sensitivity 98.4%, specificity 71.4%, and accuracy 95.8%.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Six PAH-prognosis-related metabolites in myocardial glycolytic and lipid oxidation pathways were altered after exenatide.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Exenatide showed no differences or trends versus placebo in MRI cortical thickness and volume.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

  • A Pilot Study of Exenatide Actions in Alzheimer's Disease.
    Exenatide treatment produced no differences or trends compared to placebo for clinical and cognitive measures, MRI cortical thickness and volume, or biomarkers in CSF, plasma, and plasma neuronal extracellular vesicles (EV) except for a reduction of Aβ42 in EVs.
Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Inhibiting Glp1rCeA modestly reduced Exendin-4–induced hypophagia on standard chow.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Inhibiting all central amygdala neurons significantly reduced Exendin-4’s hypophagic effect.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

With GLP-1 receptor agonists like exenatide, about 20-30% of the total weight loss is lean mass.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Higher baseline NT-proBNP predicted higher risk of MACE, all-cause death, CV death, and heart-failure hospitalization.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

  • pubmed-42102896
    Baseline NT-proBNP was strongly prognostic (adjusted HR per 1 integer unit 1.63 for MACE, 1.85 for ACM, 2.17 for CV death, and 2.17 for hHF; all P < .001).
Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

This review aimed to assess exenatide’s effects on Alzheimer’s pathology, focusing on hyperphosphorylated tau and Aβ.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

In an exploratory metabolomics analysis, 47 metabolite levels changed after exenatide infusion, mostly in free fatty acid pathways.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

GLP-1 analogs are highly effective for managing type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

New delivery technologies may help overcome limits of traditional GLP-1RA delivery and improve therapeutic effectiveness.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Byetta and Bydureon are listed as synonyms for exenatide.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

  • EXENATIDE
    AC-002993; AC002993; AC 2993; AC-2993; AC2993; AC-2993A; AC2993A; AC-2993LAR; Bydureon; Bydureon bcise; Bydureon pen; Byetta; DA-3091; Exenatida; Exenatide; Exenatide synthetic; Exendin 4; EXENDIN-4; ITCA-650; LY-2148568; LY2148568
Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Exenatide is synthetic exendin-4.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Exendin 4 (EXENDIN-4) is listed as a synonym for exenatide.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

  • EXENATIDE
    AC-002993; AC002993; AC 2993; AC-2993; AC2993; AC-2993A; AC2993A; AC-2993LAR; Bydureon; Bydureon bcise; Bydureon pen; Byetta; DA-3091; Exenatida; Exenatide; Exenatide synthetic; Exendin 4; EXENDIN-4; ITCA-650; LY-2148568; LY2148568
Research context · scope unclassified

2 cited sources · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

2 cited passages across 2 source records. 2 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Exenatide suppresses glucagon secretion when it is inappropriately high.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Results fit with SIRT1–HMGB1/NF-κB signaling involvement, but they don’t prove it causes the effect.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Exenatide HIP made with sodium docusate (1:4 molar ratio) changed lipophilicity (log P = -2.9 ± 0.3 vs. 0.9 ± 0.2 for exenatide).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Exenatide slows stomach emptying.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Exenatide slows gastric emptying.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

  • Exenatide: from the Gila monster to the pharmacy.
    Exenatide offers a wide range of beneficial glucoregulatory effects, including enhancement of glucose-dependent insulin secretion, restoration of first-phase insulin response, suppression of inappropriately elevated glucagon secretion, slowing of gastric emptying
Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Exenatide reduces the after-meal rise in blood glucose by increasing insulin release when glucose is high.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Exenatide restores first-phase insulin response.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Exenatide reduces food intake.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

  • Exenatide: from the Gila monster to the pharmacy.
    Exenatide offers a wide range of beneficial glucoregulatory effects, including enhancement of glucose-dependent insulin secretion, restoration of first-phase insulin response, suppression of inappropriately elevated glucagon secretion, slowing of gastric emptying, and reduction of food intake.
Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The optimized lipid-based formulation had a particle size of 106 nm.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Safety + tolerability

Risks, organized for scanning.

A structured orientation to the label—not a complete prescribing-information substitute or an individual risk estimate.

Contraindications

  • Serious hypersensitivity
  • Product-specific renal and thrombocytopenia restrictions must be checked

Common effects

  • Nausea
  • Hypoglycemia with selected therapies
  • Vomiting

Serious risks

  • Acute pancreatitis
  • Acute kidney injury
  • Severe gastrointestinal disease

Structured from current product labeling [1]Regulatory labelByetta prescribing informationCurrent DailyMed label for immediate-release exenatide.

Products + regulatory context

Same ingredient. Different records.

Brand names, routes, presentations, indications, and instructions are product-specific. This table is an index—not a substitution guide.
ProductFormProfile scopeRecord
ByettaTwice-daily subcutaneous injectionAdjunct to diet and exercise in type 2 diabetes.[1]Regulatory labelByetta prescribing informationCurrent DailyMed label for immediate-release exenatide.
Bydureon BCiseWeekly extended-release injectionType 2 diabetes; formulation-specific administration and warnings.DailyMed ↗

Do not infer dosing, interchangeability, or an approved use from the ingredient name alone. Open the current label for the exact product and presentation.

Administration, interactions + monitoring

The practical clinical context.

Administration boundary
Subcutaneous; timing and frequency are formulation-specific. [1]Regulatory labelByetta prescribing informationCurrent DailyMed label for immediate-release exenatide.

Research status + gaps

What still needs better answers.

A useful knowledge base names uncertainty as clearly as it names findings.
  • Some extracted findings are not shown because they did not pass Peplexicon's automated evidence checks.

How Peplexicon reads evidence

Authority
What kind of source is making the statement?
Independence
Do multiple citations represent separate studies—or the same evidence repeated?
Directness
Does the population, product, dose, outcome, and time horizon match the claim?
Consistency
Do credible sources support, qualify, or contradict one another?

References + discovery

Open the records yourself.

Authoritative records and published evidence are listed separately from live searches, which are discovery tools rather than pre-screened support.
  1. 1
    Regulatory labelByetta prescribing information

    Current DailyMed label for immediate-release exenatide.

    Open ↗
  2. 2
    Literature indexEvery PubMed result for exenatide

    Live National Library of Medicine literature search; results are not pre-screened or deduplicated.

    Open ↗
  3. 3
    Trial registryEvery registered study for exenatide

    Live ClinicalTrials.gov search, including completed, active, and historical records.

    Open ↗