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GLP-1 receptor agonist

Albiglutide

Published evidence · coverage incomplete

Anatomy in the research

Explore the structures studied.

These are anatomical mentions in cited research—not established treatment targets or proof of benefit in people.

Heart · 1 cited passage(s)

Population: patients aged >40 years with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease

Harmony Outcomes was a multi-centre, event-driven, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing the effects of albiglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, with placebo on a composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs; non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and cardiovascular death) in 9463 patients aged >40 years with Type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease.

Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Evidence relationship: supports

Read finding and source →
Stomach · 1 cited passage(s)

Population: Population not specified in the source claim.

Albiglutide is a long-acting GLP-1 RA that lowers glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) and reduces weight by stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon secretion, delaying gastric emptying, and promoting satiety.

Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Evidence relationship: supports

Read finding and source →

At a glance

What is it—and why does it matter?

Albiglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 analog. It was stated that the link between early GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was unknown. In Harmony Outcomes, albiglutide was compared with placebo in 9463 people aged >40 years with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease, using a composite major adverse cardiac events endpoint. Albiglutide clearance is 67 mL/h, with 34.9% between-person variability.

Sources for this introduction: [1] [2] [3] [4]

This published profile is a reference in progress. Findings retain their source context; missing topics are marked below.

Simple guide

Albiglutide, in plain English

The main points from the published research. Each one links to the source it comes from.

What it is

What the research looks like

Most published findings come from studies in people.

Who or what was studied, across 65 findings:
  • 38 People 58%
  • 9 Animals or lab 14%
  • 18 Other or unclear 28%

Counts show where findings come from, not how strong they are. Animal and lab findings are counted together because study types have not been labelled for this profile yet.

What studies in people found

What animal and lab studies suggest

Not proven in people. Results in animals or cells often do not hold up in humans.

  • In adult mouse atrial tissue, albiglutide (100 nM) did not increase force of contraction or beating rate, with or without rolipram (100 nM).

    Animal or lab studyStudied in: adult mice (isolated left atrial or right atrial preparations)
    Source for this finding
    “In contrast, 100 nM albiglutide did not increase the force of contraction or the beating rate in isolated left atrial or right atrial preparations from adult mice in the presence and absence of the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor rolipram (100 nM).”
    Contractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium.

  • With cilostamide, GLP-1(7-36)amide (100 nM) increased force of contraction in human atrial tissue, but GLP-1(1-36)amide did not.

    Animal or lab studyStudied in: human atrial preparations (adult patients who underwent surgery for severe coronary heart disease)
    Source for this finding
    “In the presence of cilostamide, the endogenous agonist GLP-1(7-36)amide at 100 nM augmented the force of contraction in HAP, whereas its precursor, GLP-1(1-36)amide, did not.”
    Contractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium.

  • After adding cilostamide, albiglutide (100 nM) increased the rate of tension relaxation and made relaxation faster in human atrial tissue.

    Animal or lab studyStudied in: human atrial preparations (adult patients who underwent surgery for severe coronary heart disease)
    Source for this finding
    “After the addition of cilostamide, 100 nM albiglutide augmented the rate of tension relaxation and accelerated the time to relaxation in HAP.”
    Contractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium.

Safety

No safety findings are published in this profile yet. Missing safety data does not mean it is safe.

How it's used

These describe specific products as labelled or studied. They are not dosing instructions.

  • Eperzan received EU marketing authorisation on 21 March 2014 for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    Regulatory recordApplies to: type 2 diabetes mellitus
    Source for this finding
    “Eperzan was granted marketing authorisation in the EU on 21 March 2014 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.”
    Eperzan | European Medicines Agency (EMA)

  • GlaxoSmithKline Trading Services Limited requested the withdrawal and decided to permanently stop marketing Eperzan for commercial reasons.

    Regulatory record
    Source for this finding
    “The withdrawal was at the request of the marketing authorisation holder, GlaxoSmithKline Trading Services Limited, which notified the European Commission of its decision to permanently discontinue the marketing of the product for commercial reasons.”
    Eperzan | European Medicines Agency (EMA)

What we don't know

  • Not yet covered in this profile: administration, contraindications, interactions, safety.

A missing finding does not mean something is safe or effective.

Study types are labelled automatically and can be wrong; each finding links to its source.

This is general information, not medical advice.

See all 72 findings and sourcesEvery finding, grouped by topic, with its exact source passages

What is it?

A molecule, not a product name.

Identity

Albiglutide was one of the GLP-1 receptor agonists counted as GLP-1RA use in this study.

Sources[19]pubmedExploring the neuroprotective role of GLP-1 agonists against Alzheimer's disease: Real-world evidence from a propensity-matched cohort.Adults aged ≥50 were included, comparing GLP-1RA users (liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, albiglutide) to non-users.
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Adults aged ≥50 were included, comparing GLP-1RA users (liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, albiglutide) to non-users.”

    Exploring the neuroprotective role of GLP-1 agonists against Alzheimer's disease: Real-world evidence from a propensity-matched cohort. · METHODS

Identity

Albiglutide was one of the GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs counted as GLP-1 RA treatment in this study.

Sources[25]pubmedComparison of IBD-related outcomes in patients with obesity treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists versus bariatric surgery.The cohort was divided into two groups: patients with obesity and IBD prescribed GLP-1 RAs (dulaglutide, semaglutide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, exenatide, albiglutide, or tirzepatide) who had not undergone BS, and patients with obesity and IBD who underwent BS but had not received GLP-1 RAs.
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “The cohort was divided into two groups: patients with obesity and IBD prescribed GLP-1 RAs (dulaglutide, semaglutide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, exenatide, albiglutide, or tirzepatide) who had not undergone BS, and patients with obesity and IBD who underwent BS but had not received GLP-1 RAs.”

    Comparison of IBD-related outcomes in patients with obesity treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists versus bariatric surgery. · METHODS

Identity

Albiglutide is a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist.

Sources[12]pubmedHarmony Outcomes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effect of albiglutide on major cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics.Albiglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Albiglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist”

    Harmony Outcomes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effect of albiglutide on major cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics. · BACKGROUND

Identity

Albiglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 analog.

Sources[6]pubmedEffects of multiple doses of albiglutide on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of digoxin, warfarin, or a low-dose oral contraceptive.Albiglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 analog
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Albiglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 analog”

    Effects of multiple doses of albiglutide on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of digoxin, warfarin, or a low-dose oral contraceptive. · AIMS

Identity

Albiglutide was one of the GLP-1 receptor agonists included in the trials analyzed.

Sources[17]pubmedCardiovascular Effects and Tolerability of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 99,599 Patients.Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide)
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide)”

    Cardiovascular Effects and Tolerability of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 99,599 Patients. · RESULTS

Identity

Albiglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist.

Sources[9]pubmedAlbiglutide: a review of its use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Albiglutide (Eperzan(®), Tanzeum(®)), administered subcutaneously once weekly, is a glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonist
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Albiglutide (Eperzan(®), Tanzeum(®)), administered subcutaneously once weekly, is a glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonist”

    Albiglutide: a review of its use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. · Abstract

Identity

Albiglutide was developed as a GLP-1 receptor agonist to treat type 2 diabetes.

Sources[29]pubmedContractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium.Albiglutide was developed as a glucagon-like-peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Albiglutide was developed as a glucagon-like-peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.”

    Contractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium. · Abstract

Identity

Albiglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA).

Sources[18]pubmedEfficacy and safety of incretin co-agonists: Transformative advances in cardiometabolic healthcare.The GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), namely liraglutide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, exenatide, and semaglutide,
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “The GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), namely liraglutide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, exenatide, and semaglutide,”

    Efficacy and safety of incretin co-agonists: Transformative advances in cardiometabolic healthcare. · Abstract

Identity

Albiglutide (Ligand ID 7386) is a peptide; its INN is albiglutide.

Sources[4]iuphar-ligandalbiglutideName: albiglutide Ligand ID: 7386 Type: Peptide INN: albiglutide
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Name: albiglutide Ligand ID: 7386 Type: Peptide INN: albiglutide”

    albiglutide · Identity and approval

Identity

Albiglutide was one of the GLP-1 receptor agonists evaluated in this network meta-analysis in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Sources[21]pubmedCardiorenal Safety Markers With Injectable Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis.Efpeglenatide ranked highest for both MACE (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.62-0.87; SUCRA: 81.5%) and renal outcomes (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.57-0.81; SUCRA: 81.33%), underscoring its clinical significance over other effective agents such as albiglutide and semaglutide.
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Efpeglenatide ranked highest for both MACE (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.62-0.87; SUCRA: 81.5%) and renal outcomes (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.57-0.81; SUCRA: 81.33%), underscoring its clinical significance over other effective agents such as albiglutide and semaglutide.”

    Cardiorenal Safety Markers With Injectable Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis. · Abstract

Identity

Albiglutide is a recombinant protein made by fusing GLP-1 with human albumin.

Sources[3]iuphar-commentsIUPHAR ligand commentaryAlbiglutide is recombinant protein engineered by fusing the gene for [Ligand 5194] (GLP-1; an incretin secreted in the gut) with the gene for human albumin.
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Albiglutide is recombinant protein engineered by fusing the gene for [Ligand 5194] (GLP-1; an incretin secreted in the gut) with the gene for human albumin.”

    IUPHAR ligand commentary · General comments

Identity

Albiglutide is a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA).

Sources[10]pubmedAlbiglutide: a unique GLP-1 receptor agonist.Albiglutide is a long acting GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) administered by weekly injection.[13]pubmedAlbiglutide for the management of type 2 diabetes.Albiglutide is a long acting GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA)
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

2 cited sources · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

2 cited passages across 2 source records. 2 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Albiglutide is a long acting GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) administered by weekly injection.”

    Albiglutide: a unique GLP-1 receptor agonist. · Abstract

  2. supports · Source-backed record
    “Albiglutide is a long acting GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA)”

    Albiglutide for the management of type 2 diabetes. · Abstract

Identity

In this study, albiglutide was one of the GLP drugs included.

Sources[26]pubmedGLPs Significantly Decrease the Risk of Postoperative Surgical Complications: A TriNetX Retrospective Cohort Study.GLPs included semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, albiglutide, and lixisenatide.
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “GLPs included semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, albiglutide, and lixisenatide.”

    GLPs Significantly Decrease the Risk of Postoperative Surgical Complications: A TriNetX Retrospective Cohort Study. · METHODS

Identity

Albiglutide was one of the primary GLP-1 receptor agonists analyzed.

Sources[28]pubmedAssessing the risk of diabetic retinopathy progression with GLP-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The primary GLP-1RAs analyzed were albiglutide, liraglutide, semaglutide, exenatide, and dulaglutide,
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “The primary GLP-1RAs analyzed were albiglutide, liraglutide, semaglutide, exenatide, and dulaglutide,”

    Assessing the risk of diabetic retinopathy progression with GLP-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review and meta-analysis. · METHODS

Identity

This analysis included albiglutide as one of the individual GLP-1 RA regimens.

Sources[24]pubmedPreferred Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Established Cardiovascular Disease or High Cardiovascular Risk: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials.Regimens were analyzed as individual agents, including albiglutide, dulaglutide, efpeglenatide, exenatide extended release, ITCA 650, liraglutide, lixisenatide, subcutaneous semaglutide, oral semaglutide, tirzepatide, and placebo.
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Regimens were analyzed as individual agents, including albiglutide, dulaglutide, efpeglenatide, exenatide extended release, ITCA 650, liraglutide, lixisenatide, subcutaneous semaglutide, oral semaglutide, tirzepatide, and placebo.”

    Preferred Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Established Cardiovascular Disease or High Cardiovascular Risk: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials. · Abstract

Identity

Albiglutide is a GLP-1 analogue made from two modified human GLP-1 (7-36) copies linked to recombinant human albumin.

Sources[8]pubmedClinical pharmacology of albiglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist.Albiglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue composed of tandem copies of modified human glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) coupled to recombinant human albumin
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Albiglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue composed of tandem copies of modified human glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) coupled to recombinant human albumin”

    Clinical pharmacology of albiglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist. · UNLABELLED

Identity

Albiglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist used in type 2 diabetes.

Sources[7]pubmedAlbiglutide: a new GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of albiglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) in type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of albiglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) in type 2 diabetes (T2D).”

    Albiglutide: a new GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. · OBJECTIVE

Identity

Albiglutide exposure was evaluated in the included pregnancy cohort studies.

Sources[30]pubmedHypertensive disorders of pregnancy and GLP-1 receptor agonist timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.All the studies were conducted in the United States between 2014-2025 and evaluated the semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, tirzepatide, exenatide, lixisenatide, and albiglutide exposure.
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “All the studies were conducted in the United States between 2014-2025 and evaluated the semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, tirzepatide, exenatide, lixisenatide, and albiglutide exposure.”

    Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and GLP-1 receptor agonist timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. · RESULTS

Identity

Albiglutide (CHEMBL2107841) is a protein.

Sources[1]chembl-moleculeALBIGLUTIDEChEMBL ID: CHEMBL2107841 Preferred name: ALBIGLUTIDE Molecule type: Protein
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL2107841 Preferred name: ALBIGLUTIDE Molecule type: Protein”

    ALBIGLUTIDE · Molecule identity

How does it work?

Target, response, and disposition.

Mechanism

Albiglutide increases insulin release when glucose is high.

Sources[9]pubmedAlbiglutide: a review of its use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.As an incretin mimetic, albiglutide enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “As an incretin mimetic, albiglutide enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion”

    Albiglutide: a review of its use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. · Abstract

Mechanism

In contracting human atrial tissue, albiglutide (100 nM) with cilostamide (100 nM) increased phosphorylation of phospholamban and the inhibitory subunit of troponin.

Sources[29]pubmedContractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium.In contracting HAP, 100 nM albiglutide in the presence of 100 nM cilostamide increased the phosphorylation state of phospholamban and the inhibitory subunit of troponin.
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “In contracting HAP, 100 nM albiglutide in the presence of 100 nM cilostamide increased the phosphorylation state of phospholamban and the inhibitory subunit of troponin.”

    Contractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium. · Abstract

Mechanism

Albiglutide lowers A1C and reduces weight by increasing glucose-dependent insulin release, lowering glucagon, slowing gastric emptying, and increasing satiety.

Sources[7]pubmedAlbiglutide: a new GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.Albiglutide is a long-acting GLP-1 RA that lowers glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) and reduces weight by stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon secretion, delaying gastric emptying, and promoting satiety.
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Albiglutide is a long-acting GLP-1 RA that lowers glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) and reduces weight by stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon secretion, delaying gastric emptying, and promoting satiety.”

    Albiglutide: a new GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. · DATA SYNTHESIS

Mechanism

In contracting human atrial tissue, albiglutide (100 nM) plus cilostamide (100 nM) increased phosphorylation of phospholamban and troponin’s inhibitory subunit.

Sources[29]pubmedContractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium.In contracting HAP, 100 nM albiglutide in the presence of 100 nM cilostamide increased the phosphorylation state of phospholamban and the inhibitory subunit of troponin.
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “In contracting HAP, 100 nM albiglutide in the presence of 100 nM cilostamide increased the phosphorylation state of phospholamban and the inhibitory subunit of troponin.”

    Contractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium. · Abstract

Mechanism

Albiglutide is treated as a GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy in this study.

Sources[22]pubmedGlucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis.adult patients with pre-existing CP were identified and stratified by use of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, tirzepatide, exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, and albiglutide).
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “adult patients with pre-existing CP were identified and stratified by use of a GLP-1 RA (semaglutide, dulaglutide, tirzepatide, exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, and albiglutide).”

    Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis. · Abstract

Mechanism

Albiglutide is treated as a GLP-1 receptor agonist in this study.

Sources[17]pubmedCardiovascular Effects and Tolerability of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 99,599 Patients.Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide)
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Eight different GLP-1 RAs were used (lixisenatide, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, efpeglenatide, dulaglutide, albiglutide, and tirzepatide)”

    Cardiovascular Effects and Tolerability of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 99,599 Patients. · RESULTS

Mechanism

In paced human atrial tissue, albiglutide increased contractile force in a time- and concentration-dependent way from 10 nM up to 100 nM.

Sources[29]pubmedContractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium.We observed a time- and concentration-dependent positive inotropic effect of albiglutide in HAP; this effect began at 10 nM albiglutide and increased to 100 nM albiglutide, the highest concentration studied.
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “We observed a time- and concentration-dependent positive inotropic effect of albiglutide in HAP; this effect began at 10 nM albiglutide and increased to 100 nM albiglutide, the highest concentration studied.”

    Contractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium. · Abstract

Mechanism

It was stated that the link between early GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was unknown.

Sources[30]pubmedHypertensive disorders of pregnancy and GLP-1 receptor agonist timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.However, their association to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) after periconceptional or early pregnancy exposure remains unknown.
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “However, their association to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) after periconceptional or early pregnancy exposure remains unknown.”

    Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and GLP-1 receptor agonist timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. · PURPOSE

Pharmacokinetics

Albiglutide lasts a long time in the body because it resists DPP-4 breakdown and is fused to albumin.

Sources[7]pubmedAlbiglutide: a new GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.Albiglutide has a long half-life as a result of resistance to degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and fusion to albumin, thus allowing once-weekly dosing.
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Albiglutide has a long half-life as a result of resistance to degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and fusion to albumin, thus allowing once-weekly dosing.”

    Albiglutide: a new GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. · DATA SYNTHESIS

Pharmacokinetics

Albiglutide’s time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) was 3–4 days.

Sources[5]pubmedSafety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of albiglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetic, in healthy subjects.and time to maximum observed plasma drug concentration (T(max)) of 3-4 days.
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “and time to maximum observed plasma drug concentration (T(max)) of 3-4 days.”

    Safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of albiglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetic, in healthy subjects. · RESULTS

Pharmacokinetics

Albiglutide’s elimination half-life is 5 days.

Sources[11]pubmedClinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Albiglutide.with an elimination half-life of 5 days
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “with an elimination half-life of 5 days”

    Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Albiglutide. · Abstract

Pharmacokinetics

Albiglutide’s terminal elimination half-life was 6–8 days.

Sources[5]pubmedSafety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of albiglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetic, in healthy subjects.Albiglutide had a terminal elimination half-life (T(1/2)) of 6-8 days
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Albiglutide had a terminal elimination half-life (T(1/2)) of 6-8 days”

    Safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of albiglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetic, in healthy subjects. · RESULTS

Pharmacokinetics

Albiglutide lasts longer in the body than native GLP-1 because it resists DPP-4 breakdown.

Sources[9]pubmedAlbiglutide: a review of its use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Albiglutide has a longer half-life than native GLP-1, since it is resistant to degradation by the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme.
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Albiglutide has a longer half-life than native GLP-1, since it is resistant to degradation by the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme.”

    Albiglutide: a review of its use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. · Abstract

Pharmacokinetics

Albiglutide clearance is 67 mL/h, with 34.9% between-person variability.

Sources[8]pubmedClinical pharmacology of albiglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist.Clearance of albiglutide is 67 mL/h with between-subject variability of 34.9%
Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Clearance of albiglutide is 67 mL/h with between-subject variability of 34.9%”

    Clinical pharmacology of albiglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist. · UNLABELLED

What has been studied?

What the evidence says.

Comparative evidence

In this network meta-analysis, albiglutide lowered 3-point MACE versus placebo (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.91).

Sources[24]pubmedPreferred Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Established Cardiovascular Disease or High Cardiovascular Risk: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials.MACE rate was reduced with subcutaneous semaglutide (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.94), efpeglenatide (0.76, 0.61 to 0.94), and albiglutide (0.79, 0.69 to 0.91); tirzepatide, oral semaglutide, liraglutide, and dulaglutide were also significantly reduced compared with placebo.
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “MACE rate was reduced with subcutaneous semaglutide (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.94), efpeglenatide (0.76, 0.61 to 0.94), and albiglutide (0.79, 0.69 to 0.91); tirzepatide, oral semaglutide, liraglutide, and dulaglutide were also significantly reduced compared with placebo.”

    Preferred Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Established Cardiovascular Disease or High Cardiovascular Risk: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials. · Abstract

Comparative evidence

In Harmony Outcomes, albiglutide was compared with placebo in 9463 people aged >40 years with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease, using a composite major adverse cardiac events endpoint.

Sources[16]pubmedAlbiglutide and atrial fibrillation in patients with Type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease: insights from the Harmony Outcomes trial.Harmony Outcomes was a multi-centre, event-driven, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing the effects of albiglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, with placebo on a composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs; non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and cardiovascular death) in 9463 patients aged >40 years with Type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease.
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Harmony Outcomes was a multi-centre, event-driven, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing the effects of albiglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, with placebo on a composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs; non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and cardiovascular death) in 9463 patients aged >40 years with Type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease.”

    Albiglutide and atrial fibrillation in patients with Type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease: insights from the Harmony Outcomes trial. · METHODS AND RESULTS

Comparative evidence

This was a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries.

Sources[14]pubmedAlbiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial.We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries.
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries.”

    Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. · METHODS

Comparative evidence

In clinical studies, albiglutide reduced A1C more than placebo in type 2 diabetes patients.

Sources[7]pubmedAlbiglutide: a new GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.Clinical studies have shown albiglutide to be superior to placebo, sitagliptin, and glimepiride and noninferior to insulin glargine and insulin lispro at reducing A1C in T2D patients, with A1C changes from baseline ranging from -0.55% to -0.9%.
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Clinical studies have shown albiglutide to be superior to placebo, sitagliptin, and glimepiride and noninferior to insulin glargine and insulin lispro at reducing A1C in T2D patients, with A1C changes from baseline ranging from -0.55% to -0.9%.”

    Albiglutide: a new GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. · DATA SYNTHESIS

Comparative evidence

In clinical studies, albiglutide was not worse than insulin glargine for lowering A1C in type 2 diabetes patients.

Sources[7]pubmedAlbiglutide: a new GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.Clinical studies have shown albiglutide to be superior to placebo, sitagliptin, and glimepiride and noninferior to insulin glargine and insulin lispro at reducing A1C in T2D patients, with A1C changes from baseline ranging from -0.55% to -0.9%.
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Clinical studies have shown albiglutide to be superior to placebo, sitagliptin, and glimepiride and noninferior to insulin glargine and insulin lispro at reducing A1C in T2D patients, with A1C changes from baseline ranging from -0.55% to -0.9%.”

    Albiglutide: a new GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. · DATA SYNTHESIS

Study findings

The primary outcome happened less often with albiglutide than placebo (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68-0·90).

Sources[14]pubmedAlbiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial.The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68-0·90)
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68-0·90)”

    Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. · FINDINGS

Study findings

In the 3-point MACE network, heterogeneity and inconsistency were absent (I2=0%, τ2=0).

Sources[24]pubmedPreferred Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Established Cardiovascular Disease or High Cardiovascular Risk: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials.In the 3-point major adverse CV event (MACE) network (11 trials, 11 regimens), heterogeneity and inconsistency were absent (I2=0%, τ2=0).
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “In the 3-point major adverse CV event (MACE) network (11 trials, 11 regimens), heterogeneity and inconsistency were absent (I2=0%, τ2=0).”

    Preferred Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Established Cardiovascular Disease or High Cardiovascular Risk: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials. · Abstract

Study findings

The meta-analysis analyzed 12 randomized controlled trials with 6423 subjects.

Sources[15]pubmedEfficacy and safety of albiglutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.From 443 initially screened articles, data from 12 randomized controlled trials involving 6423 subjects were analyzed.
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “From 443 initially screened articles, data from 12 randomized controlled trials involving 6423 subjects were analyzed.”

    Efficacy and safety of albiglutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. · RESULTS

Study findings

Across 17 randomized trials (36,415 patients), GLP-1 receptor agonists were linked to a lower risk of colon cancer (RR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.17-0.68; I2= 0.0%).

Sources[23]pubmedAssociation Between GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Colon Cancer in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.In 17 RCTs comprising 36,415 patients, GLP-1 RAs was associated with a significantly reduced risk of colon cancer (RR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.17-0.68; I2= 0.0%),
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “In 17 RCTs comprising 36,415 patients, GLP-1 RAs was associated with a significantly reduced risk of colon cancer (RR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.17-0.68; I2= 0.0%),”

    Association Between GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Colon Cancer in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. · RESULTS

Study findings

In adults with type 2 diabetes, albiglutide reduced non-fatal heart attacks versus placebo; stroke results were not precise.

Sources[27]pubmedThe Impact of GLP-1-Based Therapies on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Albiglutide reduced non-fatal MI versus placebo, whereas non-fatal stroke estimates were imprecise.
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Albiglutide reduced non-fatal MI versus placebo, whereas non-fatal stroke estimates were imprecise.”

    The Impact of GLP-1-Based Therapies on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. · RESULTS

Study findings

In adult mouse atrial tissue, albiglutide (100 nM) did not increase force of contraction or beating rate, with or without rolipram (100 nM).

Sources[29]pubmedContractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium.In contrast, 100 nM albiglutide did not increase the force of contraction or the beating rate in isolated left atrial or right atrial preparations from adult mice in the presence and absence of the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor rolipram (100 nM).
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “In contrast, 100 nM albiglutide did not increase the force of contraction or the beating rate in isolated left atrial or right atrial preparations from adult mice in the presence and absence of the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor rolipram (100 nM).”

    Contractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium. · Abstract

Study findings

Eperzan is indicated for adults with type 2 diabetes to improve glycaemic control when added to other glucose-lowering medicines (including basal insulin) if diet/exercise plus those medicines are not enough.

Sources[2]emaEperzan | European Medicines Agency (EMA)Add-on combination therapy In combination with other glucose-lowering medicinal products including basal insulin, when these, together with diet and exercise, do not provide adequate glycaemic control (see section 4.4 and 5.1 for available data on different combinations).
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Add-on combination therapy In combination with other glucose-lowering medicinal products including basal insulin, when these, together with diet and exercise, do not provide adequate glycaemic control (see section 4.4 and 5.1 for available data on different combinations).”

    Eperzan | European Medicines Agency (EMA) · Therapeutic indication

Study findings

Albiglutide’s P-score ranking was 0.80.

Sources[24]pubmedPreferred Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Established Cardiovascular Disease or High Cardiovascular Risk: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials.Top ranked were semaglutide SC (P-score 0.87), efpeglenatide (0.84), and albiglutide (0.80).
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Top ranked were semaglutide SC (P-score 0.87), efpeglenatide (0.84), and albiglutide (0.80).”

    Preferred Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Established Cardiovascular Disease or High Cardiovascular Risk: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials. · Abstract

Study findings

In isolated mouse atrial tissue, 100 nM albiglutide did not increase contraction force or beating rate, with or without 100 nM rolipram.

Sources[29]pubmedContractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium.In contrast, 100 nM albiglutide did not increase the force of contraction or the beating rate in isolated left atrial or right atrial preparations from adult mice in the presence and absence of the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor rolipram (100 nM).
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “In contrast, 100 nM albiglutide did not increase the force of contraction or the beating rate in isolated left atrial or right atrial preparations from adult mice in the presence and absence of the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor rolipram (100 nM).”

    Contractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium. · Abstract

Study findings

GLP-1 receptor agonists may be associated with a lower risk of colon cancer in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Sources[23]pubmedAssociation Between GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Colon Cancer in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.GLP-1 RAs may be associated with a lower risk of colon cancer in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus,
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “GLP-1 RAs may be associated with a lower risk of colon cancer in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus,”

    Association Between GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Colon Cancer in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. · CONCLUSIONS

Study findings

The primary outcome was change from baseline in HbA1c.

Sources[15]pubmedEfficacy and safety of albiglutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The primary outcome was the change from baseline (CFB) in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c);
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “The primary outcome was the change from baseline (CFB) in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c);”

    Efficacy and safety of albiglutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. · METHODS

Study findings

Albiglutide was superior to placebo for the primary outcome (p=0·0006 for superiority).

Sources[14]pubmedAlbiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial.which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p<0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority).
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · 1 linked study ID

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p<0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority).”

    Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. · FINDINGS

Study findings

In drug-specific analyses, albiglutide was linked with lower odds of myocardial infarction (eOR, 0.65 [0.47-0.89]).

Sources[20]pubmedEfficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists across all health outcomes in type 2 diabetes: An umbrella review and evidence map of randomised controlled trials.Drug-specific analyses exhibited protective effects of liraglutide (eOR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.80-0.91]), albiglutide (0.65 [0.47-0.89]), and dulaglutide (0.78 [0.68-0.90]) for major cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction and stroke, respectively.
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Drug-specific analyses exhibited protective effects of liraglutide (eOR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.80-0.91]), albiglutide (0.65 [0.47-0.89]), and dulaglutide (0.78 [0.68-0.90]) for major cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction and stroke, respectively.”

    Efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists across all health outcomes in type 2 diabetes: An umbrella review and evidence map of randomised controlled trials. · RESULTS

Study findings

In type 2 diabetes, albiglutide 30 mg lowered HbA1c more than placebo (mean difference -1.04%).

Sources[15]pubmedEfficacy and safety of albiglutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Albiglutide, at both doses, outperformed placebo in terms of HbA1c reductions (for albiglutide 30 mg: mean differences -1.04%, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-1.37--0.72], P < .00001, I2 = 89%;
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Albiglutide, at both doses, outperformed placebo in terms of HbA1c reductions (for albiglutide 30 mg: mean differences -1.04%, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-1.37--0.72], P < .00001, I2 = 89%;”

    Efficacy and safety of albiglutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. · RESULTS

Study findings

Albiglutide improves glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes.

Sources[12]pubmedHarmony Outcomes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effect of albiglutide on major cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics.Albiglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Albiglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).”

    Harmony Outcomes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effect of albiglutide on major cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics. · BACKGROUND

Study findings

Eperzan is indicated for adults with type 2 diabetes to improve glycaemic control as monotherapy when diet/exercise are not enough and metformin is inappropriate (contraindications or intolerance).

Sources[2]emaEperzan | European Medicines Agency (EMA)Eperzan is indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults to improve glycaemic control as: Monotherapy When diet and exercise alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control in patients for whom use of metformin is considered inappropriate due to contraindications or intolerance.
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Eperzan is indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults to improve glycaemic control as: Monotherapy When diet and exercise alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control in patients for whom use of metformin is considered inappropriate due to contraindications or intolerance.”

    Eperzan | European Medicines Agency (EMA) · Therapeutic indication

Study findings

Across 17 randomized trials (36,415 patients), GLP-1 receptor agonists had a neutral effect on intestinal cancer risk (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.31-1.84; I2= 23.3%).

Sources[23]pubmedAssociation Between GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Colon Cancer in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.31-1.84; I2= 23.3%), respectively.
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.31-1.84; I2= 23.3%), respectively.”

    Association Between GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Colon Cancer in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. · RESULTS

Study findings

With cilostamide, GLP-1(7-36)amide (100 nM) increased force of contraction in human atrial tissue, but GLP-1(1-36)amide did not.

Sources[29]pubmedContractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium.In the presence of cilostamide, the endogenous agonist GLP-1(7-36)amide at 100 nM augmented the force of contraction in HAP, whereas its precursor, GLP-1(1-36)amide, did not.
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “In the presence of cilostamide, the endogenous agonist GLP-1(7-36)amide at 100 nM augmented the force of contraction in HAP, whereas its precursor, GLP-1(1-36)amide, did not.”

    Contractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium. · Abstract

Study findings

Across 17 randomized trials (36,415 patients), GLP-1 receptor agonists had a neutral effect on colorectal carcinoma risk (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.92-1.39; I2= 0.0%).

Sources[23]pubmedAssociation Between GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Colon Cancer in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.and showed a neutral effect on the risk of colorectal carcinoma, rectal, and intestinal cancer, with RRs of 1.13 (95% CI, 0.92-1.39; I2= 0.0%),
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “and showed a neutral effect on the risk of colorectal carcinoma, rectal, and intestinal cancer, with RRs of 1.13 (95% CI, 0.92-1.39; I2= 0.0%),”

    Association Between GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Colon Cancer in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. · RESULTS

Study findings

Body-weight change from baseline was similar with albiglutide and placebo.

Sources[15]pubmedEfficacy and safety of albiglutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.CFB in body weight was similar with albiglutide and placebo.
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “CFB in body weight was similar with albiglutide and placebo.”

    Efficacy and safety of albiglutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. · RESULTS

Study findings

In isolated adult mouse atrial tissue, albiglutide (100 nM) did not increase contraction force or beating rate, whether rolipram (100 nM) was present or not.

Sources[29]pubmedContractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium.In contrast, 100 nM albiglutide did not increase the force of contraction or the beating rate in isolated left atrial or right atrial preparations from adult mice in the presence and absence of the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor rolipram (100 nM).
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “In contrast, 100 nM albiglutide did not increase the force of contraction or the beating rate in isolated left atrial or right atrial preparations from adult mice in the presence and absence of the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor rolipram (100 nM).”

    Contractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium. · Abstract

Study findings

In pooled results, GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure before or in the first trimester was not significantly linked to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (OR 0.91, CI 0.57-1.47).

Sources[30]pubmedHypertensive disorders of pregnancy and GLP-1 receptor agonist timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.In the pooled analysis, GLP-1 RA exposure showed a HDP risk with an OR 0.91 (OR 0.91, CI 0.57-1.47) with no statistical significance.
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “In the pooled analysis, GLP-1 RA exposure showed a HDP risk with an OR 0.91 (OR 0.91, CI 0.57-1.47) with no statistical significance.”

    Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and GLP-1 receptor agonist timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. · RESULTS

Study findings

In type 2 diabetes, albiglutide 50 mg lowered HbA1c more than placebo (mean difference -1.10%).

Sources[15]pubmedEfficacy and safety of albiglutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.and for albiglutide 50 mg: mean differences -1.10%, 95% CI [-1.45--0.75], P < .00001, I2 = 90%).
Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “and for albiglutide 50 mg: mean differences -1.10%, 95% CI [-1.45--0.75], P < .00001, I2 = 90%).”

    Efficacy and safety of albiglutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. · RESULTS

Study findings

After adding cilostamide, albiglutide (100 nM) increased the rate of tension relaxation and made relaxation faster in human atrial tissue.

Sources[29]pubmedContractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium.After the addition of cilostamide, 100 nM albiglutide augmented the rate of tension relaxation and accelerated the time to relaxation in HAP.
Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “After the addition of cilostamide, 100 nM albiglutide augmented the rate of tension relaxation and accelerated the time to relaxation in HAP.”

    Contractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium. · Abstract

Risks and interactions

Risks, organized for scanning.

This profile does not yet contain a published summary for this topic. This is a coverage gap, not evidence that no research exists.

Products and regulatory status

Same ingredient. Different records.

Regulatory status

Eperzan received EU marketing authorisation on 21 March 2014 for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Sources[2]emaEperzan | European Medicines Agency (EMA)Eperzan was granted marketing authorisation in the EU on 21 March 2014 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Eperzan was granted marketing authorisation in the EU on 21 March 2014 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.”

    Eperzan | European Medicines Agency (EMA) · Overview

Regulatory status

GlaxoSmithKline Trading Services Limited requested the withdrawal and decided to permanently stop marketing Eperzan for commercial reasons.

Sources[2]emaEperzan | European Medicines Agency (EMA)The withdrawal was at the request of the marketing authorisation holder, GlaxoSmithKline Trading Services Limited, which notified the European Commission of its decision to permanently discontinue the marketing of the product for commercial reasons.
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “The withdrawal was at the request of the marketing authorisation holder, GlaxoSmithKline Trading Services Limited, which notified the European Commission of its decision to permanently discontinue the marketing of the product for commercial reasons.”

    Eperzan | European Medicines Agency (EMA) · Overview

Regulatory status

On 29 October 2018, the European Commission withdrew the EU marketing authorisation for Eperzan (albiglutide).

Sources[2]emaEperzan | European Medicines Agency (EMA)On 29 October 2018, the European Commission withdrew the marketing authorisation for Eperzan (albiglutide) in the European Union (EU).
Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “On 29 October 2018, the European Commission withdrew the marketing authorisation for Eperzan (albiglutide) in the European Union (EU).”

    Eperzan | European Medicines Agency (EMA) · Overview

Administration context

The practical clinical context.

This profile does not yet contain a published summary for this topic. This is a coverage gap, not evidence that no research exists.

Additional research & classification gaps

7 archived statements are kept separate from drug-effect findings. Media studies, economic models, methods, and records with unresolved scope are not used as medical-effect evidence.

Inspect contextual research (7)
Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Albiglutide did not meet noninferiority versus liraglutide.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Albiglutide does not lower HbA1c as much as some competitor drugs.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Albiglutide lowers fasting blood glucose and reduces post-meal glucose spikes.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Albiglutide did not change warfarin’s international normalized ratio.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Albiglutide does not promote as much weight loss as some competitor drugs.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Across studies, weight change with albiglutide ranged from +0.28 to -1.21 kg.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Albiglutide is also known as Albiglutida, Eperzan, GSK-716155/GSK716155, and Tanzeum.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

  • ALBIGLUTIDE
    Albiglutida; Albiglutide; Albiglutide (genetical recombination); Eperzan; GSK-716155; GSK716155; Tanzeum

Research status + gaps

What still needs better answers?

  • Not yet covered in this profile: administration, contraindications, interactions, safety.
  • Some extracted findings are not shown because they did not pass Peplexicon's automated evidence checks.

These are the limits of this profile, not an exhaustive list of scientific uncertainties.

References + discovery

Open the records yourself.

  1. ALBIGLUTIDE ↗

    chembl-molecule · published August 25, 2026 · retrieved August 25, 2026

  2. Eperzan | European Medicines Agency (EMA) ↗

    ema · published September 4, 2026 · retrieved September 4, 2026

  3. IUPHAR ligand commentary ↗

    iuphar-comments · published August 25, 2026 · retrieved August 25, 2026

  4. albiglutide ↗

    iuphar-ligand · published August 25, 2026 · retrieved August 25, 2026

  5. Safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of albiglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetic, in healthy subjects. ↗

    pubmed · published May 1, 2009 · retrieved September 4, 2026

  6. Effects of multiple doses of albiglutide on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of digoxin, warfarin, or a low-dose oral contraceptive. ↗

    pubmed · published November 1, 2012 · retrieved September 9, 2026

  7. Albiglutide: a new GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ↗

    pubmed · published November 1, 2014 · retrieved September 9, 2026

  8. Clinical pharmacology of albiglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist. ↗

    pubmed · published November 1, 2014 · retrieved September 9, 2026

  9. Albiglutide: a review of its use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ↗

    pubmed · published April 1, 2015 · retrieved September 9, 2026

  10. Albiglutide: a unique GLP-1 receptor agonist. ↗

    pubmed · published December 1, 2016 · retrieved September 9, 2026

  11. Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Albiglutide. ↗

    pubmed · published July 1, 2017 · retrieved September 4, 2026

  12. Harmony Outcomes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effect of albiglutide on major cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics. ↗

    pubmed · published September 1, 2018 · retrieved September 9, 2026

  13. Albiglutide for the management of type 2 diabetes. ↗

    pubmed · published January 1, 2018 · retrieved September 9, 2026

  14. Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. ↗

    pubmed · published October 27, 2018 · retrieved September 8, 2026

  15. Efficacy and safety of albiglutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ↗

    pubmed · published June 21, 2024 · retrieved September 9, 2026

  16. Albiglutide and atrial fibrillation in patients with Type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease: insights from the Harmony Outcomes trial. ↗

    pubmed · published January 6, 2026 · retrieved September 4, 2026

  17. Cardiovascular Effects and Tolerability of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 99,599 Patients. ↗

    pubmed · published November 18, 2025 · retrieved September 2, 2026

  18. Efficacy and safety of incretin co-agonists: Transformative advances in cardiometabolic healthcare. ↗

    pubmed · published August 26, 2025 · retrieved September 2, 2026

  19. Exploring the neuroprotective role of GLP-1 agonists against Alzheimer's disease: Real-world evidence from a propensity-matched cohort. ↗

    pubmed · published January 1, 2025 · retrieved September 2, 2026

  20. Efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists across all health outcomes in type 2 diabetes: An umbrella review and evidence map of randomised controlled trials. ↗

    pubmed · published February 1, 2026 · retrieved September 2, 2026

  21. Cardiorenal Safety Markers With Injectable Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis. ↗

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  22. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis. ↗

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  23. Association Between GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Colon Cancer in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. ↗

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  25. Comparison of IBD-related outcomes in patients with obesity treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists versus bariatric surgery. ↗

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  26. GLPs Significantly Decrease the Risk of Postoperative Surgical Complications: A TriNetX Retrospective Cohort Study. ↗

    pubmed · published June 1, 2026 · retrieved August 25, 2026

  27. The Impact of GLP-1-Based Therapies on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. ↗

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  28. Assessing the risk of diabetic retinopathy progression with GLP-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ↗

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  29. Contractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium. ↗

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  30. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and GLP-1 receptor agonist timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ↗

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Publication history and provenance

Version 15 · Automated assessment · September 12, 2026

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