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Context, anatomy, and key evidence

← Peptide library

satiety hormone

Leptin

Published evidence · coverage incomplete
Anatomical contextAnatomy connections are not mapped yet.

No body region is highlighted until this profile has a supported anatomical connection. This does not mean the peptide has no biological effects.

Read published mechanism findings ↓

At a glance

What is it—and why does it matter?

Leptin, listed as Ligand ID 5015, is classified as a peptide. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) acts as a key negative regulator of leptin signaling, meaning it down-modulates leptin pathway activity.

Sources for this introduction: [1] [2]

This published profile is a reference in progress. Findings retain their source context; missing topics are marked below.

What is it?

A molecule, not a product name.

Identity

Leptin, listed as Ligand ID 5015, is classified as a peptide.

Sources[1]iuphar-ligandleptinName: leptin Ligand ID: 5015 Type: Peptide
Source records
1
Independent studies
1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Name: leptin Ligand ID: 5015 Type: Peptide”

    leptin · Identity and approval

    iuphar-ligand:5015:eab7af1cb497:eab7af1cb497

How does it work?

Target, response, and disposition.

Mechanism

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) acts as a key negative regulator of leptin signaling, meaning it down-modulates leptin pathway activity.

Sources[2]pubmedFlavonoids fromElsholtzia ciliatarestore redox electron flow and metabolic signaling via PTP1B inhibition in muscle and liver cells.PTP1B is a key negative regulator of insulin and leptin signalling and a promising therapeutic target for metabolic dysfunction, yet no clinically approved inhibitor exists due to selectivity and bioavailability challenges.
Source records
1
Independent studies
1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “PTP1B is a key negative regulator of insulin and leptin signalling and a promising therapeutic target for metabolic dysfunction, yet no clinically approved inhibitor exists due to selectivity and bioavailability challenges.”

    Flavonoids fromElsholtzia ciliatarestore redox electron flow and metabolic signaling via PTP1B inhibition in muscle and liver cells. · Abstract

    pubmed:42113121:1fabff62d415:1fabff62d415

Mechanism

Leptin is described as a hormone with an important role in regulating energy balance and lipid reserves.

Sources[3]pubmedThe effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on plasma leptin and adiponectin levels: Systematic review ofin vivoandin vitrostudies.Leptin plays a key role in regulating energy balance and lipid reserves.[3]pubmedThe effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on plasma leptin and adiponectin levels: Systematic review ofin vivoandin vitrostudies.Leptin plays a key role in regulating energy balance and lipid reserves.
Source records
2
Independent studies
1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Leptin plays a key role in regulating energy balance and lipid reserves.”

    The effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on plasma leptin and adiponectin levels: Systematic review ofin vivoandin vitrostudies. · BACKGROUND

    pubmed:42592588:78c8d937b998:78c8d937b998
  2. supports · Source-backed record
    “Leptin plays a key role in regulating energy balance and lipid reserves.”

    The effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on plasma leptin and adiponectin levels: Systematic review ofin vivoandin vitrostudies. · BACKGROUND

    pubmed:42592588:78c8d937b998:78c8d937b998

What has been studied?

What the evidence says.

This profile does not yet contain a published summary for this topic. This is a coverage gap, not evidence that no research exists.

Risks and interactions

Risks, organized for scanning.

This profile does not yet contain a published summary for this topic. This is a coverage gap, not evidence that no research exists.

Products and regulatory status

Same ingredient. Different records.

This profile does not yet contain a published summary for this topic. This is a coverage gap, not evidence that no research exists.

Administration context

The practical clinical context.

This profile does not yet contain a published summary for this topic. This is a coverage gap, not evidence that no research exists.

Research status + gaps

What still needs better answers?

  • No publishable claim yet for: administration, contraindication, effect, interaction, regulatory, safety
  • 56 compiled claim(s) withheld by automated assurance: assurance_score_below_0.58 (49), assurance_score_below_0.72 (7), current_regulatory_source_required (5), extraction_ambiguity (38), high_risk_requires_regulatory_or_two_independent_sources (7), no_direct_support (55)

These are the limits of this profile, not an exhaustive list of scientific uncertainties.

References + discovery

Open the records yourself.

  1. leptin ↗

    iuphar-ligand · published 2026-08-27 · retrieved 2026-08-27T11:48:55Z

  2. Flavonoids fromElsholtzia ciliatarestore redox electron flow and metabolic signaling via PTP1B inhibition in muscle and liver cells. ↗

    pubmed · published 2026-12-01 · retrieved 2026-08-27T11:48:55Z

  3. The effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on plasma leptin and adiponectin levels: Systematic review ofin vivoandin vitrostudies. ↗

    pubmed · published 2026-12-01 · retrieved 2026-08-25T22:30:24Z

Publication history and provenance

Version 8 · Automated assessment · 2026-08-28T12:09:49Z

2b3a8bfebb330082a71700480bee1a8247d63b25f3894407d91c81e9ee1ec55d