Peptide knowledge, connected to its evidence.

At a glance

What is it—and why does it matter?

Sequence typing identified the Salmonella Kedougou isolate as sequence type ST1543. A mathematical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model was intended to describe drug exposure–effect relationships in planktonic versus biofilm infections, with colistin used to illustrate how simulations can guide dosing schedule optimization. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the lowest concentration that inhibits visible growth; in this agar dilution assay, colistin inhibited carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae ZR01 at 0.5 ug.mL-1. The source lists hypersensitivity (history of sensitivity to the drug or its components) as a contraindication, indicating use should be avoided in such patients.

Sources for this introduction: [1] [2] [3] [4]

This published profile is a reference in progress. Findings retain their source context; missing topics are marked below.

What is it?

A molecule, not a product name.

Identity

Sequence typing identified the Salmonella Kedougou isolate as sequence type ST1543.

Sources[6]

Source records: 1
Independent studies: 1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“The isolate was identified as S. Kedougou ST1543.”
Whole genome sequencing of a colistin resistant Salmonella Kedougou ST 1543 clinical isolate from Gombe State, Nigeria. · RESULTS
pubmed:42526247:e6f533146b4b:e6f533146b4b

How does it work?

Target, response, and disposition.

Mechanism

Colistin sulfate is described as a polypeptide antibiotic with a membrane-targeting mechanism: it penetrates into bacteria and disrupts the bacterial cell membrane.

Sources[2]

Source records: 1
Regulatory records: 1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Colistin sulfate is a polypeptide antibiotic which penetrates into and disrupts the bacterial cell membrane.”
Cortisporin®-TC Otic Suspension with Neomycin andHydrocortisone (colistin sulfate—neomycin sulfate—thonzoniumbromide—hydrocortisone acetate otic suspension) · CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
dailymed:0869fd8d-6dd7-4dc2-b33c-20d72dc47718:9e4212b59ea3:9e4212b59ea3

Mechanism

A mathematical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model was intended to describe drug exposure–effect relationships in planktonic versus biofilm infections, with colistin used to illustrate how simulations can guide dosing schedule optimization.

Sources[7]

Source records: 1
Independent studies: 1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“To this end, we aim to develop a mathematical PK/PD model for planktonic and biofilm bacterial infections and demonstrate how PK/PD simulations can be used to design optimized dosing schedules, using colistin and imipenem as proof-of-concept examples.”
Pharmacodynamic modeling of colistin and imipenem againstin vitro Pseudomonas aeruginosabiofilms. · INTRODUCTION
pubmed:42598182:49b22b7e4317:49b22b7e4317

Pharmacokinetics

Cmax is the peak concentration achieved; here it is reported in an in vitro PK/PD model for a specified loading/maintenance dosing schedule.

Sources[1]

Reported result: Cmax = 3.0 ug.mL-1
Source records: 1
Independent studies: 1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Standard result: Cmax = 3.0 ug.mL-1”
ChEMBL activities for CHEMBL6067481 · Activity 2498287
chembl-activities:chembl6067481:bc67a3d595c9:bc67a3d595c9

Pharmacokinetics

Cmin is the trough concentration (minimum concentration before the next dose) in a dosing interval; this section reports Cmin for the stated in vitro PK/PD dosing schedule.

Sources[1]

Reported result: Cmin = 0.75 ug ml-1
Source records: 1
Independent studies: 1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Standard result: Cmin = 0.75 ug ml-1”
ChEMBL activities for CHEMBL6067481 · Activity 2498290
chembl-activities:chembl6067481:bc67a3d595c9:bc67a3d595c9

What has been studied?

What the evidence says.

Comparative evidence

Standard phenotypic AST had limited detection of dual carbapenem-and-colistin resistance, identifying only 17 of 35 such isolates.

Sources[4]

Reported result: 17/35 detectable
Source records: 1
Independent studies: 1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“however, only half (17/35) were detectable by standard phenotypic AST.”
Dual resistance to carbapenems and colistin inEnterobacter: Taiwan surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, 2010-2020. · Abstract
pubmed:41665622:d7684e0b2815:d7684e0b2815

Study findings

This broth microdilution MIC reports the concentration of colistin required to inhibit P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 under the assay conditions.

Sources[1]

Reported result: MIC = 4.0 ug.mL-1
Source records: 1
Independent studies: 1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Standard result: MIC = 4.0 ug.mL-1”
ChEMBL activities for CHEMBL6067481 · Activity 2127321
chembl-activities:chembl6067481:bc67a3d595c9:bc67a3d595c9

Study findings

AUBC (area under the bacterial count–time curve) summarizes bacterial burden over time; this section reports AUBC from 0 to 72 hrs normalized to log10CFU/ml under continuous maintenance dosing.

Sources[1]

Reported result: AUBC = 65.6 log10CFU/ml
Source records: 1
Independent studies: 1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Standard result: AUBC = 65.6 log10CFU/ml”
ChEMBL activities for CHEMBL6067481 · Activity 2498286
chembl-activities:chembl6067481:bc67a3d595c9:bc67a3d595c9

Study findings

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the lowest concentration that inhibits visible growth; in this agar dilution assay, colistin inhibited carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae ZR01 at 0.5 ug.mL-1.

Sources[1]

Reported result: MIC = 0.5 ug.mL-1
Source records: 1
Independent studies: 1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Standard result: MIC = 0.5 ug.mL-1”
ChEMBL activities for CHEMBL6067481 · Activity 1834548
chembl-activities:chembl6067481:bc67a3d595c9:bc67a3d595c9

Study findings

This agar dilution MIC indicates the concentration of colistin needed to inhibit growth of an E. coli DH5-alpha transformant expressing KPC2.

Sources[1]

Reported result: MIC = 0.5 ug.mL-1
Source records: 1
Independent studies: 1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Standard result: MIC = 0.5 ug.mL-1”
ChEMBL activities for CHEMBL6067481 · Activity 1834560
chembl-activities:chembl6067481:bc67a3d595c9:bc67a3d595c9

Study findings

In clinical practice, colistin is considered a last-resort antibacterial option for infections due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.

Sources[5]

Source records: 1
Independent studies: 1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Colistin holds clinical importance as a last resort therapy against infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.”
Natural molecule potentiates colistin efficacyin vivovia modulating adaptive LPS modifications and ferroptotic-like damages. · Abstract
pubmed:42482447:bf9d1b434f47:bf9d1b434f47

Study findings

An MIC of 1.0 ug.mL-1 in this susceptibility assay quantifies colistin’s in vitro inhibitory concentration for a KPC2-expressing, carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolate.

Sources[1]

Reported result: MIC = 1.0 ug.mL-1
Source records: 1
Independent studies: 1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Standard result: MIC = 1.0 ug.mL-1”
ChEMBL activities for CHEMBL6067481 · Activity 1866504
chembl-activities:chembl6067481:bc67a3d595c9:bc67a3d595c9

Study findings

This E test MIC quantifies the concentration of colistin required to inhibit growth of a KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae isolate labeled 'Greece'.

Sources[1]

Reported result: MIC = 128.0 ug.mL-1
Source records: 1
Independent studies: 1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Standard result: MIC = 128.0 ug.mL-1”
ChEMBL activities for CHEMBL6067481 · Activity 2712249
chembl-activities:chembl6067481:bc67a3d595c9:bc67a3d595c9

Risks and interactions

Risks, organized for scanning.

Contraindications

The source lists hypersensitivity (history of sensitivity to the drug or its components) as a contraindication, indicating use should be avoided in such patients.

Sources[3]

Source records: 1
Regulatory records: 1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“The use of Colistimethate for Injection, USP is contraindicated for patients with a history of sensitivity to the drug or any of its components.”
Colistimethate for Injection, USP · CONTRAINDICATIONS
dailymed:8ec7dc90-825c-422e-9f4b-c8ace9d93af5:00eddb9e76a1:00eddb9e76a1

Products and regulatory status

Same ingredient. Different records.

This profile does not yet contain a published summary for this topic. This is a coverage gap, not evidence that no research exists.

Administration context

The practical clinical context.

Administration

The reconstitution instruction specifies diluent volume (2 mL) for a 150 mg vial and the resulting concentration (75 mg/mL) expressed as colistin base activity.

Sources[3]

Reported result: 75 mg/mL (colistin base activity equivalent)
Source records: 1
Regulatory records: 1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“The150 mgvial should be reconstituted with2 mLSterile Water for Injection, USP. The reconstituted solution provides colistimethate sodium at a concentration equivalent to 75 mg/mL colistin base activity.”
Colistimethate for Injection, USP · Reconstitution for Intravenous or Intramuscular Administration
dailymed:8ec7dc90-825c-422e-9f4b-c8ace9d93af5:00eddb9e76a1:00eddb9e76a1

Dose records

In this otic suspension, the labeled colistin content is expressed as colistin base activity: 3 mg per mL, provided as colistin sulfate.

Sources[2]

Source records: 1
Regulatory records: 1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Cortisporin®-TC Otic Suspension with Neomycin and Hydrocortisone (colistin sulfate—neomycin sulfate—thonzonium bromide—hydrocortisone acetate otic suspension) is a sterile antibacterial and anti-inflammatory aqueous suspension containing in each mL: Colistin base activity, 3 mg (as the sulfate);”
Cortisporin®-TC Otic Suspension with Neomycin andHydrocortisone (colistin sulfate—neomycin sulfate—thonzoniumbromide—hydrocortisone acetate otic suspension) · DESCRIPTION
dailymed:0869fd8d-6dd7-4dc2-b33c-20d72dc47718:9e4212b59ea3:9e4212b59ea3

Dose records

A dose ceiling is provided: maximum total daily dose, expressed as colistin base activity, is limited to 5 mg/kg/day when renal function is normal.

Sources[3]

Source records: 1
Regulatory records: 1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance

supports · Source-backed record
“Maximum daily dose calculated from colistin base activity should not exceed 5 mg/kg/day with normal renal function.”
Colistimethate for Injection, USP · WARNINGS
dailymed:8ec7dc90-825c-422e-9f4b-c8ace9d93af5:00eddb9e76a1:00eddb9e76a1

Research status + gaps

What still needs better answers?

No publishable claim yet for: interaction, regulatory, safety
148 compiled claim(s) withheld by automated assurance: assurance_score_below_0.58 (95), assurance_score_below_0.72 (50), current_regulatory_source_required (23), extraction_ambiguity (107), high_risk_requires_regulatory_or_two_independent_sources (51), no_direct_support (145), proposal_not_staged (5)

These are the limits of this profile, not an exhaustive list of scientific uncertainties.

References + discovery

Open the records yourself.

Search references

ChEMBL activities for CHEMBL6067481 ↗
chembl-activities · published 2026-08-26 · retrieved 2026-08-26T20:21:51Z
Cortisporin®-TC Otic Suspension with Neomycin andHydrocortisone (colistin sulfate—neomycin sulfate—thonzoniumbromide—hydrocortisone acetate otic suspension) ↗
dailymed · published 2010-01-29 · retrieved 2026-09-04T19:14:48Z
Colistimethate for Injection, USP ↗
dailymed · published 2026-03-26 · retrieved 2026-09-04T19:14:41Z
Dual resistance to carbapenems and colistin inEnterobacter: Taiwan surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, 2010-2020. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-12-01 · retrieved 2026-08-26T08:42:26Z
Natural molecule potentiates colistin efficacyin vivovia modulating adaptive LPS modifications and ferroptotic-like damages. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-12-31 · retrieved 2026-08-26T08:42:26Z
Whole genome sequencing of a colistin resistant Salmonella Kedougou ST 1543 clinical isolate from Gombe State, Nigeria. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-11-01 · retrieved 2026-08-26T08:42:26Z
Pharmacodynamic modeling of colistin and imipenem againstin vitro Pseudomonas aeruginosabiofilms. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-12-01 · retrieved 2026-08-26T08:42:26Z

Publication history and provenance

Version 6 · Automated assessment · 2026-09-04T19:14:48Z

54698aa648d9375be48ac59530cec9fecf1b5fe01fe5a7b14f44e621ce4876aa