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Context, anatomy, and key evidence

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phagocytosis peptide

Tuftsin

Published evidence · coverage incomplete

Anatomy in the research

Anatomy evidence is still being assembled.

These are anatomical mentions in cited research—not established treatment targets or proof of benefit in people.

This publication has no anatomy passages that meet our source-linking checks yet. Read the available findings ↓

General anatomy view only. No peptide-specific structures are highlighted.

At a glance

What is it—and why does it matter?

Tuftsin is characterized here by its intended molecular target, neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), consistent with a receptor-targeting peptide role. The proposed mechanism is a lipase-triggered structural transformation of the nanoparticle that reveals and clusters tuftsin, positioning it for Fcγ receptor engagement on macrophages.

Sources for this introduction: [1] [2]

This published profile is a reference in progress. Findings retain their source context; missing topics are marked below.

What is it?

A molecule, not a product name.

Identity

Tuftsin is characterized here by its intended molecular target, neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), consistent with a receptor-targeting peptide role.

Sources[2]pubmedTetrahedral DNA Nanostructure-Based Biomimetic Nanovesicles Attenuate Sepsis-Associated ARDS by Suppressing Glycolysis via the BMAL1/PFKFB3 Axis.the nanoplatform encapsulates tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TNT) preloaded with nobiletin (Nob, a BMAL1 agonist) and Tuftsin (an AM-targeting peptide).[4]pubmedNeuropilins in Multiple Sclerosis: Dual Roles of NRP-1 in Neuroinflammation and Neuroprotection.Tuftsin, a tetrapeptide targeting NRP-1,[3]pubmedNeuropilin-1-Targeted Cell-Penetrating Tandem Peptide-Drug Conjugate Exhibits Potent In Vivo Antiglioma and Antiangiogenic Activity.Combining a BBB-penetrating peptide (SynB3) with a neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) receptor-targeting peptide (tuftsin)
Source records
3
Independent studies
3

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “the nanoplatform encapsulates tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TNT) preloaded with nobiletin (Nob, a BMAL1 agonist) and Tuftsin (an AM-targeting peptide).”

    Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructure-Based Biomimetic Nanovesicles Attenuate Sepsis-Associated ARDS by Suppressing Glycolysis via the BMAL1/PFKFB3 Axis. · Abstract

    pubmed:42003822:e78da35ec284:e78da35ec284
  2. supports · Source-backed record
    “Tuftsin, a tetrapeptide targeting NRP-1,”

    Neuropilins in Multiple Sclerosis: Dual Roles of NRP-1 in Neuroinflammation and Neuroprotection. · Abstract

    pubmed:42207333:bbcf2bdb9e28:bbcf2bdb9e28
  3. supports · Source-backed record
    “Combining a BBB-penetrating peptide (SynB3) with a neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) receptor-targeting peptide (tuftsin)”

    Neuropilin-1-Targeted Cell-Penetrating Tandem Peptide-Drug Conjugate Exhibits Potent In Vivo Antiglioma and Antiangiogenic Activity. · Abstract

    pubmed:42009314:abec6b877103:abec6b877103

Identity

In this nanoparticle design, tuftsin is included as an immunoglobulin G-derived peptide domain within the BATMAN self-assembling peptide nanoparticle.

Sources[1]pubmedFcγR-targeted tuftsin clusters rejuvenate macrophages in preclinical sepsis-associated secondary infection.BATMAN comprises a bacteria-targeting ubiquicidin peptide domain, bacterial lipase-sensitive cholesteryl hemisuccinate, an assembly-driving FFVLK domain, and the immunoglobulin G-derived tuftsin peptide.
Source records
1
Independent studies
1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “BATMAN comprises a bacteria-targeting ubiquicidin peptide domain, bacterial lipase-sensitive cholesteryl hemisuccinate, an assembly-driving FFVLK domain, and the immunoglobulin G-derived tuftsin peptide.”

    FcγR-targeted tuftsin clusters rejuvenate macrophages in preclinical sepsis-associated secondary infection. · Abstract

    pubmed:41442500:39b0d4d0cbb1:39b0d4d0cbb1

How does it work?

Target, response, and disposition.

Mechanism

The proposed mechanism is a lipase-triggered structural transformation of the nanoparticle that reveals and clusters tuftsin, positioning it for Fcγ receptor engagement on macrophages.

Sources[1]pubmedFcγR-targeted tuftsin clusters rejuvenate macrophages in preclinical sepsis-associated secondary infection.Upon activation by bacterial lipase, the particles undergo an inside-out transformation and assembly to expose and cluster the concealed tuftsin peptides for interaction with macrophage Fcγ receptors.
Source records
1
Independent studies
1

Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.

Exact passages, locators, and provenance
  1. supports · Source-backed record
    “Upon activation by bacterial lipase, the particles undergo an inside-out transformation and assembly to expose and cluster the concealed tuftsin peptides for interaction with macrophage Fcγ receptors.”

    FcγR-targeted tuftsin clusters rejuvenate macrophages in preclinical sepsis-associated secondary infection. · Abstract

    pubmed:41442500:39b0d4d0cbb1:39b0d4d0cbb1

What has been studied?

What the evidence says.

This profile does not yet contain a published summary for this topic. This is a coverage gap, not evidence that no research exists.

Risks and interactions

Risks, organized for scanning.

This profile does not yet contain a published summary for this topic. This is a coverage gap, not evidence that no research exists.

Products and regulatory status

Same ingredient. Different records.

This profile does not yet contain a published summary for this topic. This is a coverage gap, not evidence that no research exists.

Administration context

The practical clinical context.

This profile does not yet contain a published summary for this topic. This is a coverage gap, not evidence that no research exists.

Research status + gaps

What still needs better answers?

  • No publishable claim yet for: administration, contraindication, effect, interaction, regulatory, safety
  • 32 compiled claim(s) withheld by automated assurance: assurance_score_below_0.58 (28), assurance_score_below_0.72 (4), current_regulatory_source_required (4), extraction_ambiguity (32), high_risk_requires_regulatory_or_two_independent_sources (4), no_direct_support (32)

These are the limits of this profile, not an exhaustive list of scientific uncertainties.

References + discovery

Open the records yourself.

  1. FcγR-targeted tuftsin clusters rejuvenate macrophages in preclinical sepsis-associated secondary infection. ↗

    pubmed · published 2025-12-24 · retrieved 2026-08-30T08:40:08Z

  2. Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructure-Based Biomimetic Nanovesicles Attenuate Sepsis-Associated ARDS by Suppressing Glycolysis via the BMAL1/PFKFB3 Axis. ↗

    pubmed · published 2026-06-01 · retrieved 2026-08-30T08:40:08Z

  3. Neuropilin-1-Targeted Cell-Penetrating Tandem Peptide-Drug Conjugate Exhibits Potent In Vivo Antiglioma and Antiangiogenic Activity. ↗

    pubmed · published 2026-05-14 · retrieved 2026-08-30T08:40:08Z

  4. Neuropilins in Multiple Sclerosis: Dual Roles of NRP-1 in Neuroinflammation and Neuroprotection. ↗

    pubmed · published 2026-05-28 · retrieved 2026-08-30T08:40:08Z

Publication history and provenance

Version 2 · Automated assessment · 2026-08-30T08:40:08Z

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