Peptide knowledge, connected to its evidence.

At a glance

What is it—and why does it matter?

Pramlintide is designed as an analog of amylin, meaning it is a synthetic peptide intended to mimic the endogenous neurohormone. Mechanistic effects in humans attributed to pramlintide’s amylin-analog activity include delayed gastric emptying, reduced postprandial glucagon response, and satiety modulation associated with decreased caloric intake. In this randomized trial in type 1 diabetes, pramlintide did not lower HbA1c more than placebo by week 29; both groups showed similar mean HbA1c reductions. The label lists contraindications for pramlintide: serious hypersensitivity to the product/components, hypoglycemia unawareness, and confirmed gastroparesis.

Evidence behind this overview

[1][2][3][4]

Each sentence above is copied from a published claim presentation. The links open its evidence record.

ClassAmylin analog

Structure37 amino acids

StatusFDA-approved ingredient

Products in this profile1

The important boundary

Used only in carefully selected insulin-treated patients who can follow glucose monitoring and insulin-adjustment instructions. [1]

Identity + structure

A molecule, not a product name.

Chemical identity and product identity are kept separate so evidence does not leak between formulations or indications.

Preferred name	Pramlintide	Ingredient
Pharmacologic class	Amylin analog	Profile record
Peptide structure	37 amino acids	Profile record
Also indexed as	pramlintide · pramlintide acetate · amylin analog	Search aliases

Mechanism + clinical pharmacology

Target, response, and disposition.

Primary explanation

Slows gastric emptying, suppresses inappropriate post-meal glucagon secretion, and increases satiety, reducing postprandial glucose excursions. [1]

Evidence ledger

What the evidence says.

45 profile findings. Contextual and unclassified research is listed separately below. Open each citation to inspect the source and its limitations.

These are evidence statements, not individualized medical instructions. Product, dose, population, and study context remain attached to each source.

Study findings

What studies observed in defined populations, comparators, and time periods.

9 statements

Source-backed statement

In a cAMP assay using human HeLa cells transduced with human calcitonin receptor (CTR), CHEMBL2103758 exhibited agonist potency EC50 = 0.3311 nM.

Sources[5]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The reported functional assay for pramlintide at human AMY2 receptor quantified ligand-induced cAMP production in COS and HEK293 cells, a common readout for GPCR signaling.

Sources[9]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

3 cited passages across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In this randomized comparison, pramlintide was associated with weight loss relative to placebo, which showed weight gain.

Sources[11]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, pramlintide is stated to significantly reduce body weight.

Sources[13]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The prespecified objective was to evaluate safety, efficacy, and tolerability of initiating pramlintide via dose escalation alongside proactive mealtime insulin reduction, then optimizing insulin, in type 1 diabetes.

Sources[11]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Potency for pramlintide at the human CT receptor is reported as pEC50 8.3, with original EC50 listed as 5.495x10 -9.

Sources[9]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

4 cited passages across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, pramlintide is stated to significantly reduce hemoglobin A(1c).

Sources[13]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In a cAMP assay in human HeLa cells transduced with the human AMY1 receptor complex (CTR/RAMP1), CHEMBL2103758 had EC50 = 0.02188 nM.

Sources[5]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

In this randomized trial in type 1 diabetes, pramlintide did not lower HbA1c more than placebo by week 29; both groups showed similar mean HbA1c reductions.

Sources[11]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Mechanism

Source-backed statements about targets, pathways, and biological response.

2 statements

Source-backed statement

Mechanistic effects in humans attributed to pramlintide’s amylin-analog activity include delayed gastric emptying, reduced postprandial glucagon response, and satiety modulation associated with decreased caloric intake.

Sources[7]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

The source states that pramlintide is likely degraded by digestion in the infant gastrointestinal tract.

Sources[14]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Pharmacokinetics

How the studied compound is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and cleared.

6 statements

Source-backed statement

Pramlintide is described as having a short half-life (rapid elimination).

Sources[14]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

As a peptide, pramlintide is expected to undergo proteolytic digestion in the infant gastrointestinal tract.

Sources[14]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Pramlintide is short-acting; the elimination half-life is reported as approximately 48 minutes in healthy individuals.

Sources[7]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Pramlintide showed both N-terminal and C-terminal peptide degradation, generating stable biotransformation products considered suitable for analytical detection.

Sources[15]

Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

The abstract reports pramlintide degradation at both termini (N- and C-terminal), generating stable metabolic products considered suitable for analytical detection.

Sources[15]

Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Because pramlintide has a high molecular weight, transfer into breastmilk is described as unlikely to be clinically important.

Sources[14]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Safety findings

Observed or labeled risks, adverse effects, and safety signals.

3 statements

Source-backed statement

Pramlintide (SYMLIN) used with insulin is associated with increased severe hypoglycemia risk; timing information in the labeling indicates severe events are observed within 3 hours post-injection, with higher concern in type 1 diabetes.

Sources[7]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

The label distinguishes SYMLIN monotherapy from the higher hypoglycemia risk seen when used with mealtime insulin.

Sources[7]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Using SYMLIN with insulin raises the risk of severe low blood sugar, especially in type 1 diabetes, and it is seen within 3 hours after an injection.

Sources[7]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Contraindications

Circumstances in which a specific product label says it should not be used.

3 statements

Source-backed statement

The labeled contraindications for pramlintide (SYMLIN) include serious hypersensitivity to the product/components, hypoglycemia unawareness, and confirmed gastroparesis.

Sources[7]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Do not use SYMLIN if you have a serious allergy to it or its ingredients, hypoglycemia unawareness, or confirmed gastroparesis.

Sources[7]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

The label lists contraindications for pramlintide: serious hypersensitivity to the product/components, hypoglycemia unawareness, and confirmed gastroparesis.

Sources[7]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Interactions

Source-backed product and drug interaction statements.

3 statements

Source-backed statement

A pharmacokinetic interaction is reported when pramlintide is premixed with insulins (regular, NPH, and 70/30 premixed recombinant human insulin), showing altered pramlintide exposure metrics including reduced peak concentration (Cmax) and increased total exposure (AUC0-∞) at reported maxima.

Sources[7]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Because of compatibility/pharmacokinetic concerns, pramlintide is not to be combined in the same syringe with insulin and should be injected separately.

Sources[7]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Never mix SYMLIN and insulin; give them as separate injections because mixing can change how both work and may lead to poor glucose control or hypoglycemia.

Sources[7]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Regulatory status

Product-, indication-, and jurisdiction-specific regulatory records.

1 statement

Source-backed statement

The labeled indication for pramlintide (SYMLIN) is adjunctive therapy to mealtime insulin in type 1 or type 2 diabetes when desired glucose control has not been achieved despite optimal insulin therapy.

Sources[7]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Administration

Product-specific route, timing, formulation, and use instructions—not universal dosing advice.

2 statements

Source-backed statement

Inject SYMLIN under the skin right before each major meal (at least 250 kcal or at least 30 grams of carbohydrate).

Sources[7]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Per labeled administration instructions for pramlintide (SYMLIN), dosing is subcutaneous and timed immediately prior to each major meal meeting specified caloric or carbohydrate thresholds.

Sources[7]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Dose records

Product- and indication-specific dose statements preserved separately to prevent unsafe generalization.

6 statements

Source-backed statement

In type 1 diabetes: reduce mealtime insulin by 50%, start SYMLIN 15 mcg under the skin before each major meal, and increase stepwise (30, 45, or 60 mcg) if there’s no clinically significant nausea for at least 3 days.

Sources[7]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Label dosing for pramlintide (SYMLIN) in type 1 diabetes: reduce mealtime insulin by 50% and initiate 15 mcg SC immediately before each major meal.

Sources[7]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

In type 2 diabetes on mealtime insulin: reduce mealtime insulin by 50%, start SYMLIN 60 mcg under the skin before each major meal, and raise to 120 mcg if there’s no clinically significant nausea for at least 3 days.

Sources[7]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

When starting SYMLIN, cut mealtime insulin doses (including premixed insulin) by 50% to lower hypoglycemia risk.

Sources[7]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

The labeled dosage forms are multidose pen-injectors (1.5 mL and 2.7 mL) with a pramlintide acetate concentration of 1000 mcg/mL.

Sources[7]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

Label dosing for pramlintide (SYMLIN) in type 2 diabetes with mealtime insulin: reduce mealtime insulin 50% and initiate 60 mcg SC immediately before each major meal.

Sources[7]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Identity

Ingredient, molecule, and product identity statements.

10 statements

Source-backed statement

The ChEMBL entry provides a single sequence component for pramlintide: YTNSGVNTPPLIPGFNNSSHVLFNALRQTACTATNCK.

Sources[6]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Pramlintide is identified as a peptide ligand (Ligand ID 7482) and its International Nonproprietary Name (INN) is pramlintide.

Sources[10]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Pramlintide’s design is stated to be based on the structure of non-aggregating rat amylin.

Sources[17]

Animal / laboratory evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Pramlintide is recorded in ChEMBL (CHEMBL2103758) with preferred name PRAMLINTIDE and classified as a protein molecule type.

Sources[6]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Pramlintide is an amylin analogue engineered by substituting prolines for the native residues at amino-acid positions 25, 28, and 29.

Sources[8]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Pramlintide is an analogue of human amylin (a glucoregulatory peptide hormone).

Sources[16]

Human research · design must be checked

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Pramlintide is designed as an analog of amylin, meaning it is a synthetic peptide intended to mimic the endogenous neurohormone.

Sources[12]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Identity details in labeling describe pramlintide as an amylin analog (37-amino-acid polypeptide) formulated as pramlintide acetate, with sequence differences from human amylin specified as proline substitutions at positions 25, 28, and 29.

Sources[7]

Regulatory record

1 cited source · 1 regulatory record

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record.

Source-backed statement

The molecular formula reported for pramlintide in the source is C171H267N51O53S2.

Sources[6]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Source-backed statement

Endogenous amylin is a 37–amino acid peptide neurohormone that is co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic beta cells in response to meals.

Sources[12]

Molecular / pharmacology evidence

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Additional research & classification gaps

11 archived statements are kept separate from drug-effect findings. Media studies, economic models, methods, and records with unresolved scope are not used as medical-effect evidence.

Inspect contextual research (11)

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Reported efficacy includes a reduction in 2-hour postprandial glucose of 3.4 to 5 mmol/L.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Review of pramlintide as adjunctive therapy in treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Pramlintide, a synthetic analog of amylin, reduces 2-hour postprandial blood glucose between 3.4 and 5 mmol/L,

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The source links likely gastrointestinal digestion of pramlintide in infants to an expectation of low infant serum exposure (not clinically important levels).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

pubmed-30000033
so it is unlikely to reach the clinically important levels in infant serum.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Reported glycemic effect includes an A1C reduction ranging from 0.2% to 0.7%.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Review of pramlintide as adjunctive therapy in treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
reduces A1C by 0.2% to 0.7%

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The abstract reports no effect of pramlintide on fasting plasma glucose.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Review of pramlintide as adjunctive therapy in treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
has no effect on fasting glucose levels.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Postprandial glucose excursions are stated to worsen glycemic control and cardiovascular health markers.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Pramlintide and the treatment of diabetes: a review of the data since its introduction.
Postprandial glucose excursions negatively affect glycemic control and markers of cardiovascular health.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The provided synonym list for pramlintide includes multiple code names and alternative spellings, including Tripro-amylin.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

PRAMLINTIDE
AC-0137; AC0137; AC-137; AC137; Pramlintida; Pramlintide; Tripro-amylin

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

2 cited passages across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The commercial pramlintide product is formulated as an acetate salt (a specific salt form).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

IUPHAR ligand commentary
The marketed medicine is the acetate salt
IUPHAR ligand commentary
The marketed medicine is the acetate salt ( PubChem CID 16132446 ).

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The marketed drug form of pramlintide is specified as the acetate salt, indexed in PubChem as CID 16132446.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

IUPHAR ligand commentary
The marketed medicine is the acetate salt ( PubChem CID 16132446 ).

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

The described glucose-lowering actions of amylin include suppression of glucagon secretion, delayed gastric emptying, and reduced food intake.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

Review of pramlintide as adjunctive therapy in treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Amylin lowers serum glucose by decreasing glucagon release, slowing gastric emptying and decreasing food intake.

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Physiologically, the neuroendocrine hormone amylin acts alongside insulin to delay gastric emptying.

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

IUPHAR ligand commentary
The neuroendocrine hormone amylin acts in conjunction with insulin to delay gastric emptying

Research context · scope unclassified

1 cited source · Study independence not established

How to read this evidence

Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.

1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.

Amylin has an inhibitory effect on glucagon secretion (release).

Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.

IUPHAR ligand commentary
and inhibit the release of glucagon.

Safety + tolerability

Risks, organized for scanning.

A structured orientation to the label—not a complete prescribing-information substitute or an individual risk estimate.

Boxed warning

Severe hypoglycemia can occur when pramlintide is used with insulin, especially in type 1 diabetes; risk-reduction instructions and patient selection are central to the label. [1]

Contraindications

Hypoglycemia unawareness
Confirmed gastroparesis
Serious hypersensitivity

Common effects

Nausea
Vomiting
Anorexia
Headache

Serious risks

Severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia
Medication errors involving insulin
Delayed absorption of concomitant oral medicines

Structured from current product labeling [1]

Products + regulatory context

Same ingredient. Different records.

Brand names, routes, presentations, indications, and instructions are product-specific. This table is an index—not a substitution guide.

Product	Form	Profile scope	Record
SymlinPen	Premeal subcutaneous injection	Adjunct to mealtime insulin in selected adults whose desired glucose control has not been achieved.	[1]

Do not infer dosing, interchangeability, or an approved use from the ingredient name alone. Open the current label for the exact product and presentation.

Administration, interactions + monitoring

The practical clinical context.

Administration boundary: Separate premeal subcutaneous injection; never mixed with insulin. Initiation requires a substantial label-directed mealtime insulin reduction and close monitoring. [1]

Research status + gaps

What still needs better answers.

A useful knowledge base names uncertainty as clearly as it names findings.

682 compiled claim(s) withheld by automated assurance: assurance_score_below_0.58 (347), assurance_score_below_0.72 (308), current_regulatory_source_required (225), evidence_scope (323), extraction_ambiguity (270), high_risk_requires_regulatory_or_two_independent_sources (323), no_direct_support (650), proposal_not_staged (16)

How Peplexicon reads evidence

Authority: What kind of source is making the statement?
Independence: Do multiple citations represent separate studies—or the same evidence repeated?
Directness: Does the population, product, dose, outcome, and time horizon match the claim?
Consistency: Do credible sources support, qualify, or contradict one another?

References + discovery

Open the records yourself.

Authoritative records and published evidence are listed separately from live searches, which are discovery tools rather than pre-screened support.

Filter references

1
Regulatory labelSymlinPen prescribing information
DailyMed label including the boxed warning and patient-selection requirements.
Open ↗
2
Literature indexEvery PubMed result for pramlintide
Live National Library of Medicine literature search; results are not pre-screened or deduplicated.
Open ↗
3
Trial registryEvery registered study for pramlintide
Live ClinicalTrials.gov search, including completed, active, and historical records.
Open ↗
4
Chemical recordpramlintide chemical record
PubChem compound search from the National Library of Medicine.
Open ↗
5
Published evidence snapshotChEMBL activities for CHEMBL2103758
chembl-activities · T6
Published 2026-08-21 · retrieved 2026-08-21T17:03:42Z
Open ↗
6
Published evidence snapshotPRAMLINTIDE
chembl-molecule · T6
Published 2026-08-21 · retrieved 2026-08-21T17:03:42Z
Open ↗
7
Published evidence snapshotThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use SYMLIN safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for SYMLIN.SYMLIN®(pramlintide acetate) injection for subcutaneous useInitial U.S. Approval: 2005
dailymed · T1
Published 2019-12-18 · retrieved 2026-08-18T22:03:43Z
Open ↗
8
Published evidence snapshotIUPHAR ligand commentary
iuphar-comments · T6
Published 2026-08-21 · retrieved 2026-08-21T17:03:42Z
Open ↗
9
Published evidence snapshotIUPHAR interactions for pramlintide
iuphar-interactions · T6
Published 2026-08-21 · retrieved 2026-08-21T17:03:42Z
Open ↗
10
Published evidence snapshotpramlintide
iuphar-ligand · T6
Published 2026-08-21 · retrieved 2026-08-21T17:03:42Z
Open ↗
11
Published evidence snapshotA double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing pramlintide treatment in the setting of intensive insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes.
pubmed · T2
Published 2006-10-01 · retrieved 2026-09-08T21:45:57Z
Open ↗
12
Published evidence snapshotReview of pramlintide as adjunctive therapy in treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
pubmed · T3
Published 2009-02-06 · retrieved 2026-09-09T22:45:16Z
Open ↗
13
Published evidence snapshotPramlintide and the treatment of diabetes: a review of the data since its introduction.
pubmed · T3
Published 2011-06-01 · retrieved 2026-09-09T22:45:15Z
Open ↗
14
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-30000033
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-17 · retrieved 2026-08-17T23:10:15Z
Open ↗
15
Published evidence snapshotIn vitro metabolic profiling of weight-loss-inducing amylin receptor agonists in the context of preventive doping research.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-06-15 · retrieved 2026-08-17T23:10:15Z
Open ↗
16
Published evidence snapshotpubmed-41708975
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-08-17 · retrieved 2026-08-17T23:10:15Z
Open ↗
17
Published evidence snapshotLong-acting amylin-related peptides as therapies for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
pubmed · T3
Published 2026-03-01 · retrieved 2026-08-17T23:10:15Z
Open ↗