At a glance
What is it—and why does it matter?
Nisin is classified as an antimicrobial peptide (a peptide with antimicrobial activity).
Sources for this introduction: [1]
This published profile is a reference in progress. Findings retain their source context; missing topics are marked below.
What is it?
A molecule, not a product name.
Identity
Nisin is described as an antimicrobial peptide with a net positive (cationic) charge.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“Nisin, a cationic antimicrobial peptide, has been reported for its cytotoxicity against some cancer cell lines via several mechanisms, particularly membrane disruption.”
Synergistic anticancer activity of antimicrobial peptide nisin and doxorubicin against breast cancer cells via modulation of membrane permeability. · Abstract
pubmed:42335141:30f664226535:30f664226535
Identity
The term lantibiotic refers to antimicrobial peptides that contain lanthionine.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“lantibiotics, so called because they contain the unusual amino acid lanthionine.”
Nisin as a model food preservative. · Abstract
pubmed:8142045:2c35c8508fcf:2c35c8508fcf
Identity
Nisin is produced via ribosomal synthesis (i.e., made by transcription/translation rather than nonribosomal assembly).
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“Nisin is a ribosomally synthesized peptide”
Nisin as a model food preservative. · Abstract
pubmed:8142045:2c35c8508fcf:2c35c8508fcf
Identity
Nisin is classified as a class I bacteriocin, i.e., a lantibiotic antimicrobial peptide.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“Nisin, a member of class I bacteriocins known as lantibiotics,”
Nisin-A lantibiotic with immunomodulatory properties: A review. · Abstract
pubmed:33359393:8bf703f8a20d:8bf703f8a20d
Identity
The peptide nisin is biosynthesized by the lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“is produced by the lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis”
Nisin-A lantibiotic with immunomodulatory properties: A review. · Abstract
pubmed:33359393:8bf703f8a20d:8bf703f8a20d
Identity
Nisin is a bacterially produced antimicrobial peptide, specifically produced by Lactococcus lactis.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“This systematic review synthesizes current knowledge on nisin, an antimicrobial peptide produced by Lactococcus lactis , and explores its expanding applications across multiple fields.”
Nisin: harnessing nature's preservative for the future of food safety and beyond. · Abstract
doi:10.1080/10408398.2025.2517822:5a61bf940890:5a61bf940890
Identity
Nisin is described as a peptide antibiotic that is post-translationally modified.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“The post-translationally modified peptide antibiotic nisin”
Structure-activity relationships in the peptide antibiotic nisin: antibacterial activity of fragments of nisin. · Abstract
pubmed:8706842:f319176b0f22:f319176b0f22
Identity
In this study, nisin was formulated as part of soluble soybean polysaccharide–nisin nanoparticles (PS-NPs) incorporated into a poly(vinyl alcohol)/soy protein isolate pad, with the nanoparticles loaded with oregano essential oil.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“Here, we coupled longitudinal 16S rRNA gene profiling with conventional microbiological and quality measurements to evaluate a poly(vinyl alcohol)/soy protein isolate pad containing OEO-loaded soluble soybean polysaccharide-nisin nanoparticles (PS-NPs).”
Effects of a Nanoparticle-Loaded PVA/SPI Pad on Microbial Proliferation and Quality Characteristics of Superchilled Pork. · Abstract
pubmed:42650524:6093c44dbbb4:6093c44dbbb4
Identity
Nisin is reported to have a molecular weight of 3353.11.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“Molecular weight: 3353.11”
NISIN · Molecular properties
chembl-molecule:chembl526744:947db98f3669:947db98f3669
Identity
Nisin is classified as a bacteriocin and is commonly used for food biopreservation.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“Bacteriocin-phage interactions (BaPIs) were determined in vitro for nisin, a bacteriocin commonly used as a food biopreservative.”
Bacteriocin presence enhances phage-related risks in dairy fermentations. · Abstract
pubmed:42083187:d8f801baa9d9:d8f801baa9d9
Identity
Within the antimicrobial peptide literature, nisin A and related variants are described as extensively studied.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“Nisin A and its variants are among the most extensively studied antimicrobial peptides.”
The role of the antimicrobial peptide nisin as a clean label food preservative. · Abstract
pubmed:42378947:d485a2129c26:d485a2129c26
Identity
The molecular composition of nisin is given by the formula C142H227N43O37S7.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“Molecular formula: C142H227N43O37S7”
NISIN · Molecular properties
chembl-molecule:chembl526744:947db98f3669:947db98f3669
Identity
Nisin is classified as an antimicrobial peptide (a peptide with antimicrobial activity).
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“Nisin is an antimicrobial peptide”
Promotion of nisin production by integrating rare earth salt stimulation and foam separation with fermentation system. · Abstract
pubmed:42592668:683cbeed102b:683cbeed102b
Identity
Nisin is classified as a bacteriocin (a bacterially produced antimicrobial peptide).
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“The bacteriocin nisin can play a role in addressing the global need for safe, effective, and 'clean label' preservation strategies.”
The role of the antimicrobial peptide nisin as a clean label food preservative. · Abstract
pubmed:42378947:d485a2129c26:d485a2129c26
How does it work?
Target, response, and disposition.
Mechanism
Structure-activity optimization of nisin variants is described as targeting improved physicochemical characteristics.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“We highlight recent advances aimed at overcoming these challenges, including novel delivery systems and the development of novel nisin variants with improved physicochemical properties, resistance to enzymatic degradation, and expanded antimicrobial spectra.”
The role of the antimicrobial peptide nisin as a clean label food preservative. · Abstract
pubmed:42378947:d485a2129c26:d485a2129c26
Mechanism
In this work, tFNAs function as a nucleic-acid nanoplatform for co-delivery of the antimicrobial peptide nisin with quercetin to an MRSA isolate.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“Here, tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) were engineered as a nanoplatform to co-deliver nisin and quercetin (tFNQ) against a methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strain isolated from retail pork.”
A tetrahedral framework nucleic acid-based co-delivery platform enhances the antibacterial activity of nisin and quercetin against MRSA. · Abstract
pubmed:42671339:464d6ee5ad92:464d6ee5ad92
Mechanism
Under sublethal free nisin exposure, the S. aureus proteome showed increased levels of proteins mapping to core functions (translation and ribosomes), metabolic pathways, transport (ABC systems), membrane-associated processes, and stress/redox responses—consistent with an adaptive response signature.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“Proteins upregulated by free nisin treatment were related to the modulation of ribosomal function, protein translation, energy metabolism, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport systems, membrane-associated proteins, cellular stress and redox homeostasis.”
Proteomic response of Staphylococcus aureus exposed to nisin and liposome-encapsulated nisin. · Abstract
pubmed:42177953:9aa1891e9b20:9aa1891e9b20
Mechanism
Proteomics indicated that sublethal free nisin exposure coincided with reduced levels of S. aureus proteins annotated for host-interaction and adhesion functions.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“At the same time, the downregulated proteins were associated with host-interaction and adhesion.”
Proteomic response of Staphylococcus aureus exposed to nisin and liposome-encapsulated nisin. · Abstract
pubmed:42177953:9aa1891e9b20:9aa1891e9b20
Mechanism
A nisin-inducible expression system (pNZ8149) was used to drive recombinant expression of codon-optimized NGPV VP3 or a VP3-IFNα fusion in Lactococcus lactis NZ3900.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“Codon-optimized genes encoding NGPV VP3 and a VP3-IFNα fusion were cloned into the nisin-inducible pNZ8149 vector and expressed in L. lactis NZ3900.”
Oral immunization with recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing VP3 and VP3-IFNα fusion protein protects ducklings against novel goose parvovirus infection. · Abstract
pubmed:41933533:60f509b579d8:60f509b579d8
Mechanism
The peptide is reported to preferentially associate with anionic phospholipids, leading to membrane pore formation.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“Nisin can bind preferentially to the negatively charged phospholipids, causing pore formation in cell membranes.”
Synergistic anticancer activity of antimicrobial peptide nisin and doxorubicin against breast cancer cells via modulation of membrane permeability. · Abstract
pubmed:42335141:30f664226535:30f664226535
What has been studied?
What the evidence says.
Comparative evidence
Using the PolyFermS continuous fermentation system to simulate chicken caecal conditions, investigators compared nisin Z with a positive-control antibiotic (bacitracin) to assess changes in microbiota composition and metabolic activity.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“This study compared the impact of three bacteriocins-microcin J25, nisin Z, and pediocin PA-1-against bacitracin as a positive control, specifically evaluating their effects on gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity. The study utilized the PolyFermS continuous fermentation model to simulate chicken caecal conditions.”
Uncovering how selected potent bacteriocins reshape the broiler chicken gut microbiome in a PolyFermS continuous in vitro model. · BACKGROUND
pubmed:42277887:df0ec0e640c5:df0ec0e640c5
Study findings
In a mouse model, intraperitoneal nisin F (640 arbitrary units in 200 μl) was associated with stability of the gastro-intestinal tract bacterial community composition over 48 h relative to saline, based on 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE profiles from fecal samples.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“Six male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with 200 μl sterile saline and six with nisin F (200 μl, equivalent to 640 arbitrary units). Fecal samples were collected before injection and 8, 24 and 48 h after injection, and the bacteria amplified by PCR-DGGE using 16S rDNA primers. The composition of the bacterial population in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) of mice that were injected with saline changed during 48 h, whereas the bacterial population in the GIT remained relatively unchanged in animals injected with nisin F.”
Nisin F, intraperitoneally injected, may have a stabilizing effect on the bacterial population in the gastro-intestinal tract, as determined in a preliminary study with mice as model. · METHODS AND RESULTS
pubmed:21609345:7db43f711ba2:7db43f711ba2
Study findings
In an in vitro bacteriophage assay, nisin increased plaque size for lactococcal phages P2 and bIL170, indicating altered plaque morphology under these conditions.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“Nisin increased the plaque size for the lactococcal phages P2 and bIL170.”
Bacteriocin presence enhances phage-related risks in dairy fermentations. · Abstract
pubmed:42083187:d8f801baa9d9:d8f801baa9d9
Study findings
In an in vitro inhibition-zone assay versus S. aureus and E. coli, nisin inclusion conferred measurable antibacterial activity to CS-PVA scaffolds.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“CS-PVA scaffolds showed no inhibition, whereas CS-PVA-nisin exhibited significant antibacterial activity with inhibition zones of 34.5 mm for S. aureus and 25.4 mm for E. coli.”
Fabrication and investigation of chitosan/PVA and chitosan/PVA/nisin nanofibers via electrospinning as potential wound dressing agents. · Abstract
pubmed:42466784:e8373cd6d7a0:e8373cd6d7a0
Study findings
Short-chain fatty acid profiling indicated that nisin Z caused a statistically significant, time-dependent reduction in butyrate, reaching its greatest reduction at 48 h post-injection.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“Short-chain fatty acid analysis revealed a significant time-dependent decrease in butyrate levels following nisin Z and bacitracin treatments, with the most pronounced reduction observed at 48 h post-injection.”
Uncovering how selected potent bacteriocins reshape the broiler chicken gut microbiome in a PolyFermS continuous in vitro model. · RESULTS
pubmed:42277887:df0ec0e640c5:df0ec0e640c5
Study findings
In the in vitro assessment for bIL170, nisin affected plaque size but did not measurably change burst size or latent period.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“However, bIL170 burst size and latent period remained unaltered.”
Bacteriocin presence enhances phage-related risks in dairy fermentations. · Abstract
pubmed:42083187:d8f801baa9d9:d8f801baa9d9
Study findings
Stability assay results indicated that nisin Z had rapid loss of antimicrobial activity under the tested conditions.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“Stability assays confirmed that microcin J25 remained active up to 24 h, whereas nisin Z and pediocin PA-1 lost antimicrobial activity rapidly.”
Uncovering how selected potent bacteriocins reshape the broiler chicken gut microbiome in a PolyFermS continuous in vitro model. · RESULTS
pubmed:42277887:df0ec0e640c5:df0ec0e640c5
Study findings
Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, nisin Z exposure was associated with a significant shift in community composition, including reductions in Lactobacillaceae and Ruminococcaceae.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“16S rRNA sequencing revealed that bacitracin and nisin Z significantly altered the microbiota composition, reducing key families such as Lactobacillaceae and Ruminococcaceae”
Uncovering how selected potent bacteriocins reshape the broiler chicken gut microbiome in a PolyFermS continuous in vitro model. · RESULTS
pubmed:42277887:df0ec0e640c5:df0ec0e640c5
Study findings
In vitro experiments evaluated nisin across 14–450 µg/mL to assess its impact on Listeria monocytogenes growth kinetics and biofilm formation in two strains.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
Animal or laboratory findings do not establish benefit or safety in people.
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Evidence boundary: Applies only to the source-defined population, formulation, dose, and assessment period.
Exact passages, locators, and provenance
- supports · Source-backed record
“The effects of nisin on growth inhibition and biofilm formation were studied in twoListeria monocytogenesstrains, LM_ATCC 19115 and LM_18, at concentrations ranging from 14 to 450 µg/mL.”
Impact of Nisin on Growth Inhibition and Biofilm Formation Capacity ofListeria monocytogenes. · Abstract
pubmed:42653358:f037fcdafc70:f037fcdafc70
Risks and interactions
Risks, organized for scanning.
This profile does not yet contain a published summary for this topic. This is a coverage gap, not evidence that no research exists.
Products and regulatory status
Same ingredient. Different records.
This profile does not yet contain a published summary for this topic. This is a coverage gap, not evidence that no research exists.
Administration context
The practical clinical context.
This profile does not yet contain a published summary for this topic. This is a coverage gap, not evidence that no research exists.
Additional research & classification gaps
58 archived statements are kept separate from drug-effect findings. Media studies, economic models, methods, and records with unresolved scope are not used as medical-effect evidence.
Inspect contextual research (58)
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Compared with reduced-salt frankfurters using commercially available preservatives, the study reported a 4.08% longer shelf life when nisin was included in the ternary preservative system (per a predictive model).
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Incorporation of ternary biological preservatives into reduced-salt frankfurters for extended shelf life and enhanced storage quality.
and that of samples with commercially available preservatives (CAP) by 4.08%
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Relative to preservative-free reduced-salt frankfurters, the study reported a 54.55% greater shelf life when nisin was included as part of the ternary preservative system (as assessed by a predictive model).
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Incorporation of ternary biological preservatives into reduced-salt frankfurters for extended shelf life and enhanced storage quality.
surpassing that of preservative-free samples by 54.55%
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
When nisin was delivered in liposomes (lipo-nisin), the observed S. aureus proteome resembled the control condition in this study’s proteomic profiling.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Proteomic response of Staphylococcus aureus exposed to nisin and liposome-encapsulated nisin.
S. aureus treated with encapsulated nisin showed a similar proteomic profile to that observed for the control.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
The abstract reports that environmental variables (surface material, biofilm age, hydrodynamic conditions) are highlighted as determinants of biofilm architecture and susceptibility to antimicrobials.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- The "One-Two Punch": A conceptual analysis of nisin and lysozyme synergy against Listeria monocytogenes biofilms and their dependence on environmental factors.
Environmental variables, including surface material, biofilm age, and hydrodynamic conditions, emerge as key determinants of biofilm architecture and antimicrobial susceptibility.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
The abstract states bacteriocins are being explored for roles including antibiotic alternatives, microbiota modulation, and bacterial signaling.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- The Hungate1000 prokaryotic culture collection encodes a wide variety of bacteriocins.
Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides/proteins that are widely distributed among bacteria and are gathering traction as natural alternatives to antibiotics, modulators of the microbiota, and interbacterial signaling peptides.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Nisin-variant development is described as aiming to broaden antimicrobial spectrum beyond existing limitations.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- The role of the antimicrobial peptide nisin as a clean label food preservative.
We highlight recent advances aimed at overcoming these challenges, including novel delivery systems and the development of novel nisin variants with improved physicochemical properties, resistance to enzymatic degradation, and expanded antimicrobial spectra.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
When nisin was used as part of a ternary biological preservative, bacterial community diversity in the product was reported to decrease significantly under refrigerated storage conditions.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Incorporation of ternary biological preservatives into reduced-salt frankfurters for extended shelf life and enhanced storage quality.
The TBP significantly reduced bacterial diversity
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Untargeted LC-MS metabolomics suggested that nisin Z substantially changed the metabolic profile, with increases reported in amino acids and cyclic dipeptide levels.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Uncovering how selected potent bacteriocins reshape the broiler chicken gut microbiome in a PolyFermS continuous in vitro model.
Untargeted LC-MS metabolomics indicated a marked metabolic shift under nisin Z treatment, including increased amino acids and cyclic dipeptide levels
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Nisin exposure decreased biofilm formation; at 450 µg/mL, LM_ATCC 19115 showed complete absence of observable biofilm under the study conditions.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Impact of Nisin on Growth Inhibition and Biofilm Formation Capacity ofListeria monocytogenes.
Consequently, nisin reduced biofilm formation, with no biofilm observed for LM_ATCC 19115 at 450 µg/mL.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
In C. perfringens spores, the combined treatment of tea polyphenols and nisin (TPN) decreased spore viability by 22.1%.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Multidimensional synergistic inhibition of Clostridium perfringens spores by nisin and tea polyphenols: a systematic insight from interference germination to metabolic imbalance.
The combined treatment (TPN) caused a 22.1% reduction in spore viability
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Food-matrix complexity can limit nisin performance via reduced solubility when pH is neutral.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- The role of the antimicrobial peptide nisin as a clean label food preservative.
Despite many advantages, nisin exhibits limitations in complex food matrices, including reduced solubility at neutral pH, susceptibility to proteolytic degradation, and poor activity against Gram-negative bacteria.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
In refrigerated reduced-salt frankfurters, adding a nisin-containing ternary preservative was associated with lower relative abundance of the spoilage bacterium Brochothrix thermosphacta versus control at day 70.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Incorporation of ternary biological preservatives into reduced-salt frankfurters for extended shelf life and enhanced storage quality.
The TBP significantly reduced bacterial diversity and inhibited spoilage bacteria such as Brochothrix thermosphacta, decreasing its relative abundance from 40.34% in the control group to 23.02% by day 70
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
In the described fungal production system, adding a nisin Z-producing Lactococcus lactis co-culture did not change EGT production relative to the fungal producer strain alone (reported as equivalent).
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Bioengineering and physicochemical optimization of ergothioneine production by Aspergillus oryzae.
Co-cultivation with the nisin Z-producing Lactococcus lactis JCM 7638 yielded EGT production equivalent to that of the EgtACO strain alone.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Within the study’s analyzed relationships between taxa and quality metrics, Pseudomonas psychrophila was most strongly positively associated with protein carbonyl content compared with other evaluated taxon-quality pairs.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Effects of a Nanoparticle-Loaded PVA/SPI Pad on Microbial Proliferation and Quality Characteristics of Superchilled Pork.
Among the evaluated taxon-quality pairs,Pseudomonas psychrophilashowed the strongest positive association with protein carbonyl content.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Based on the study’s observed microbial-community and quality-measure changes during superchilled storage, the authors conclude PS-NPs are supported as a preservation strategy.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Effects of a Nanoparticle-Loaded PVA/SPI Pad on Microbial Proliferation and Quality Characteristics of Superchilled Pork.
The findings support PS-NPs as a preservation strategy.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
In a soft white cheese food model, nisin combined with EDTA reduced growth across single-culture and poly-microbial culture conditions.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Metabolic profiling and microbiological evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus in a poly-microbial system in soft white cheese.
The addition of nisin/EDTA effectively reduced growth in both single and poly-microbial systems
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Engineering nisin variants to resist enzymatic degradation is highlighted as a way to address limitations such as proteolysis.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- The role of the antimicrobial peptide nisin as a clean label food preservative.
We highlight recent advances aimed at overcoming these challenges, including novel delivery systems and the development of novel nisin variants with improved physicochemical properties, resistance to enzymatic degradation, and expanded antimicrobial spectra.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Nisin is described as having a wide antibacterial spectrum targeting gram-positive bacteria.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Nisin-A lantibiotic with immunomodulatory properties: A review.
is characterized by a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
In this study, the PS-NPs condition was associated with lower cooking loss compared with the no-pad control (CK), based on the reported percentages.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Effects of a Nanoparticle-Loaded PVA/SPI Pad on Microbial Proliferation and Quality Characteristics of Superchilled Pork.
while cooking loss was 28.49% versus 32.18%.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Structural analyses indicated that combined tea polyphenols and nisin (TPN) produced pronounced surface wrinkling and altered the conformation of spore surface proteins in C. perfringens spores.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Multidimensional synergistic inhibition of Clostridium perfringens spores by nisin and tea polyphenols: a systematic insight from interference germination to metabolic imbalance.
Structural analyses further revealed that TPN caused severe surface wrinkling and markedly altered the conformation of spore surface proteins
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
When tested in reconstituted orange juice, the combination’s sporicidal potency against A. acidoterrestris spores was quantified as an MSC of 0.48 µg/mL.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Association of D-limonene and nisin: the action on vegetative cells and spores of Alicyclobacillus spp. in processed orange juice.
In reconstituted orange juice, the combination was effective, with a MSC of 0.48 µg/mL against A. acidoterrestris spores.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
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Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Nisin is described as having worldwide success in use as a natural food preservative.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Nisin-A lantibiotic with immunomodulatory properties: A review.
has contributed to the worldwide success of nisin as a natural food preservative.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Relative to the no-pad control (CK), the PS-NPs packaging condition was associated with slower microbial proliferation (viable counts) and delayed physicochemical and sensory deterioration under superchilling.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Effects of a Nanoparticle-Loaded PVA/SPI Pad on Microbial Proliferation and Quality Characteristics of Superchilled Pork.
Compared with CK, PS-NPs slowed the increase in viable counts and delayed physicochemical and sensory deterioration.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
The PEGylated niosome co-delivery system containing nisin and ZnO nanoparticles demonstrated favorable formulation performance metrics: high encapsulation efficiency, sustained-release kinetics, and good physicochemical stability.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Enhanced antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of PEGylated niosomes co-loaded with nisin and ZnO nanoparticles against VRSA and ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Nio-Nis/ZnO@PEG exhibited high encapsulation efficiency, sustained-release kinetics, and good physicochemical stability.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
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Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
In this source, fermentation-associated lactic acid accumulation is described as causing self-induced acid stress, which can constrain production of products including the peptide nisin.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- A transcription Factor-sRNA cascade enhances acid tolerance in Lactococcus lactis by rewiring arginine metabolism.
However, rapid lactic acid accumulation during fermentation leads to self-induced acid stress that limits cell growth, metabolic performance, and the production of high-value products such as nisin.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Under refrigerated storage (4 °C), the presence of nisin within the ternary biological preservative was reported to improve retention of moisture and color attributes in the product.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Incorporation of ternary biological preservatives into reduced-salt frankfurters for extended shelf life and enhanced storage quality.
the TBP-enhanced reduced-salt frankfurters maintained superior moisture and colour characteristics during storage at 4 °C
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Checkerboard testing in culture medium found synergy between D-limonene and nisin against A. acidoterrestris, quantified by an FICI of 0.07.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Association of D-limonene and nisin: the action on vegetative cells and spores of Alicyclobacillus spp. in processed orange juice.
The checkerboard results against A. acidoterrestris revealed synergism, with a Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) of 0.07.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
At a concentration of 2.4 mg/mL, the combined tea polyphenols and nisin treatment significantly slowed the kinetics of C. perfringens spore germination.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Multidimensional synergistic inhibition of Clostridium perfringens spores by nisin and tea polyphenols: a systematic insight from interference germination to metabolic imbalance.
significantly delayed germination kinetics at 2.4 mg/mL
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Nisin incorporation increased the water contact angle, consistent with reduced surface hydrophilicity compared with CS-PVA.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Fabrication and investigation of chitosan/PVA and chitosan/PVA/nisin nanofibers via electrospinning as potential wound dressing agents.
Contact angle measurements increased from 49° to 59°, indicating reduced hydrophilicity.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Using a predictive model, the study reported that adding nisin as part of the ternary biological preservative corresponded to a confirmed shelf life of 102-day for the product.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Incorporation of ternary biological preservatives into reduced-salt frankfurters for extended shelf life and enhanced storage quality.
A validated predictive model confirmed a 102-day shelf life for the TBP-enhanced reduced-salt frankfurters
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Nisin incorporation altered nanofiber morphology, increasing mean fiber diameter and reducing scaffold porosity as measured by scanning electron microscopy.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Fabrication and investigation of chitosan/PVA and chitosan/PVA/nisin nanofibers via electrospinning as potential wound dressing agents.
Scanning electron microscopy revealed that incorporation of nisin increased the average fibre diameter from 114.5 nm to 125.8 nm, while porosity decreased from 89.13% to 86.21%.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
At day 24 of storage, the relative abundance of Pseudomonas differed between conditions, being lower with PS-NPs than in the no-pad control (CK).
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Effects of a Nanoparticle-Loaded PVA/SPI Pad on Microbial Proliferation and Quality Characteristics of Superchilled Pork.
On day 24,Pseudomonasrelative abundance was 39.48% with PS-NPs and 51.02% in CK.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
In silico mining of Hungate1000 genomes found hundreds of previously unreported bacteriocin biosynthetic gene clusters across many genomes.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- The Hungate1000 prokaryotic culture collection encodes a wide variety of bacteriocins.
A total of 408 novel bacteriocin gene clusters were identified across 308 genomes.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
The review identifies a knowledge gap regarding strategies to mitigate bacterial resistance to nisin effectively.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Nisin: harnessing nature's preservative for the future of food safety and beyond.
In particular, the mechanisms underlying bacterial resistance to nisin and effective mitigation strategies are not yet fully understood.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Under PS-NPs packaging, lipid oxidation (TBARS) and protein oxidation (protein carbonyls) measures were reduced relative to the no-pad control (CK) by the stated percentages.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Effects of a Nanoparticle-Loaded PVA/SPI Pad on Microbial Proliferation and Quality Characteristics of Superchilled Pork.
TBARS and protein carbonyl contents were 36.96% and 19.44% lower than CK, respectively
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Subtilin is described as a naturally occurring structural analog of nisin.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Nisin as a model food preservative.
subtilin, which is a naturally occurring structural analog of nisin.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
A key-point summary states that the CAB701 and WiKim0124 strains uniquely harbor biosynthetic clusters for nisin Z.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Comparative genomics reveals immunomodulatory and anti-obesity traits of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis.
• CAB701 and WiKim0124 uniquely harbor nisin Z and sactipeptide biosynthetic clusters
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Nisin is identified in this study context as a commercially used food preservative (used as a comparator in a simulated milk model).
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Antimicrobial efficacy and food application potential of bacteriocins LL3 and LL4 from traditional dairy-derived Lactococcus lactis.
showing comparable performance to the commercial preservative nisin.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Comparative genomics identified nisin Z biosynthetic gene clusters that are unique to the L. lactis subsp. lactis strains CAB701 and WiKim0124.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Comparative genomics reveals immunomodulatory and anti-obesity traits of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis.
Notably, L. lactis subsp. lactis CAB701 and WiKim0124 harbor unique biosynthetic gene clusters for nisin Z and sactipeptides, which may contribute to their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
ChEMBL classifies nisin (CHEMBL526744) under the molecule type “Small molecule.”
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- NISIN
Molecule type: Small molecule
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Nisin belongs to the lantibiotics, a class of antimicrobial substances.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Nisin as a model food preservative.
Nisin is a member of the class of antimicrobial substances known as lantibiotics
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
The abstract identifies L. lactis F44 as producing nisin, indicating it is a microbial producer used in this study context.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- A transcription Factor-sRNA cascade enhances acid tolerance in Lactococcus lactis by rewiring arginine metabolism.
Here, we elucidated a novel multi-layered regulatory cascade comprising a transcription factor and a small non-coding RNA (sRNA) that governs acid stress adaptation in L. lactis F44, a nisin producer.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Nisin Z (a bacteriocin variant) is attributed in the abstract to production by Lactococcus lactis JCM 7638 used for co-culture.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Bioengineering and physicochemical optimization of ergothioneine production by Aspergillus oryzae.
Co-cultivation with the nisin Z-producing Lactococcus lactis JCM 7638 yielded EGT production equivalent to that of the EgtACO strain alone.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Nisin is indexed in ChEMBL under the identifier CHEMBL526744.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- NISIN
ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL526744
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
In ChEMBL nomenclature, CHEMBL526744’s preferred name is NISIN.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- NISIN
Preferred name: NISIN
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides/proteins produced by bacteria and are broadly distributed across bacterial taxa.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- The Hungate1000 prokaryotic culture collection encodes a wide variety of bacteriocins.
Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides/proteins that are widely distributed among bacteria
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Gene-encoded lantibiotic peptides are produced via transcription/translation, which enables generation of structural variants through mutagenesis of the encoding genes.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Nisin as a model food preservative.
The fact that lantibiotics are gene-encoded peptides synthesized by transcription and translation allows structural variants to be generated by mutagenesis.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Nisin was included as a reference antibiotic with a previously established mechanism of action for method evaluation.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- An optimized physical-chemical method for analyzing cell perturbations using FTIR-ATR spectrophotometry.
Three antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and nisin), with their mechanisms of action already known, were used and analyzed using the proposed methodology.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Spectroscopic (FTIR) evidence supported nisin incorporation into the scaffold, identified by peaks at 3330 cm-1 and 2918 cm-1.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Fabrication and investigation of chitosan/PVA and chitosan/PVA/nisin nanofibers via electrospinning as potential wound dressing agents.
FTIR confirmed the successful incorporation of nisin through characteristic peaks at 3330 cm-1 and 2918 cm-1.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Genome mining (in silico methods) was used on Hungate1000 rumen-isolated prokaryotes to identify bacteriocin biosynthetic potential.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- The Hungate1000 prokaryotic culture collection encodes a wide variety of bacteriocins.
In this study, 410 rumen-isolated prokaryotes within the collection were mined to expand upon the bacteriocin-producing potential of the rumen.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
A research gap noted in the review is incomplete understanding of the mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance to nisin.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Nisin: harnessing nature's preservative for the future of food safety and beyond.
In particular, the mechanisms underlying bacterial resistance to nisin and effective mitigation strategies are not yet fully understood.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
The abstract frames nisin as a natural preservative candidate for controlling microbial growth in foods, considered together with D-limonene.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Association of D-limonene and nisin: the action on vegetative cells and spores of Alicyclobacillus spp. in processed orange juice.
Natural preservatives are interesting strategies as an alternative search for microbial growth control in food, in particular the use of D-limonene (DL) and nisin (Nis).
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Proteomic profiling of S. aureus after sublethal free nisin exposure found many proteins changed in abundance (80 increased, 40 decreased), suggesting a distinct metabolic adaptation to sublethal bacteriocin stress.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Proteomic response of Staphylococcus aureus exposed to nisin and liposome-encapsulated nisin.
Among the proteins identified in all treatments, 80 were differentially upregulated and 40 were downregulated in the treatment with free nisin, indicating a specific metabolic response under sublethal concentrations of this bacteriocin.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
Mechanistically, combined tea polyphenols and nisin (TPN) disrupted inner membrane integrity in C. perfringens spores, leading to irreversible macromolecule leakage and altered redox homeostasis.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Multidimensional synergistic inhibition of Clostridium perfringens spores by nisin and tea polyphenols: a systematic insight from interference germination to metabolic imbalance.
TPN treatment compromised the integrity of the inner membrane, resulting in irreversible leakage of intracellular proteins and nucleic acids and alteration of redox homeostasis.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
An FTIR-ATR-based analytical method was adapted to detect structural/molecular perturbations in bacteria after antimicrobial exposure; nisin was among the antimicrobials tested.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- An optimized physical-chemical method for analyzing cell perturbations using FTIR-ATR spectrophotometry.
We adapted an analysis method using FTIR-ATR spectrophotometry to evaluate any damage or molecular changes in the structure of bacterial cells.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
The abstract reports the use of foam separation as an in-situ method to recover nisin from a fermentation system.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Promotion of nisin production by integrating rare earth salt stimulation and foam separation with fermentation system.
foam separation had been used forin-siturecovering nisin from the fermentation system.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
The abstract attributes large-scale production difficulty for nisin to low synthesis efficiency and severe feedback inhibition.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- Promotion of nisin production by integrating rare earth salt stimulation and foam separation with fermentation system.
nisin is difficult to produce on a large scale due to low synthesis efficiency and severe feedback inhibition.
1 cited source · Study independence not established
How to read this evidence
Sources and study IDs describe provenance, not clinical strength. Several articles can report the same study; one study can support several distinct findings. No clinical strength rating has been assigned here.
1 cited passage across 1 source record. 1 publication group(s) lack a resolved study identity.
The vraDEH gene set is described as contributing to bacterial resistance mechanisms against nisin (and bacitracin) in clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates.
Research context only—not evidence of a treatment effect.
- A subclade-associated genomic deletion encompassing vraDEH confers increased susceptibility to nisin A and bacitracin in Staphylococcus aureus CC121.
We previously identified clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates lacking the vraDEH genes, which are involved in nisin and bacitracin resistance.
Research status + gaps
What still needs better answers?
- No publishable claim yet for: administration, contraindication, interaction, regulatory, safety
- 216 compiled claim(s) withheld by automated assurance: assurance_score_below_0.58 (176), assurance_score_below_0.72 (27), current_regulatory_source_required (25), extraction_ambiguity (178), extraction_confidence_not_high (2), high_risk_requires_regulatory_or_two_independent_sources (38), no_direct_support (201), proposal_not_staged (1)
These are the limits of this profile, not an exhaustive list of scientific uncertainties.
References + discovery
Open the records yourself.
- NISIN ↗
chembl-molecule · published 2026-08-28 · retrieved 2026-08-28T12:35:21Z
- Nisin: harnessing nature's preservative for the future of food safety and beyond. ↗
doi · published 2025-06-18 · retrieved 2026-09-09T18:03:03Z
- Nisin F, intraperitoneally injected, may have a stabilizing effect on the bacterial population in the gastro-intestinal tract, as determined in a preliminary study with mice as model. ↗
pubmed · published 2011-08-01 · retrieved 2026-09-09T18:03:03Z
- Nisin-A lantibiotic with immunomodulatory properties: A review. ↗
pubmed · published 2021-03-01 · retrieved 2026-09-09T22:29:05Z
- Incorporation of ternary biological preservatives into reduced-salt frankfurters for extended shelf life and enhanced storage quality. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-07-01 · retrieved 2026-09-05T09:00:33Z
- Oral immunization with recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing VP3 and VP3-IFNα fusion protein protects ducklings against novel goose parvovirus infection. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-07-01 · retrieved 2026-09-05T09:00:33Z
- Bacteriocin presence enhances phage-related risks in dairy fermentations. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-07-01 · retrieved 2026-09-05T09:00:33Z
- Multidimensional synergistic inhibition of Clostridium perfringens spores by nisin and tea polyphenols: a systematic insight from interference germination to metabolic imbalance. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-07-31 · retrieved 2026-09-05T09:00:33Z
- Antimicrobial efficacy and food application potential of bacteriocins LL3 and LL4 from traditional dairy-derived Lactococcus lactis. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-09-05T09:00:33Z
- An optimized physical-chemical method for analyzing cell perturbations using FTIR-ATR spectrophotometry. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-09-05T09:00:33Z
- Proteomic response of Staphylococcus aureus exposed to nisin and liposome-encapsulated nisin. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-09-05T09:00:33Z
- The Hungate1000 prokaryotic culture collection encodes a wide variety of bacteriocins. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-06-23 · retrieved 2026-09-05T09:00:33Z
- Comparative genomics reveals immunomodulatory and anti-obesity traits of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-06-06 · retrieved 2026-09-05T09:00:33Z
- Uncovering how selected potent bacteriocins reshape the broiler chicken gut microbiome in a PolyFermS continuous in vitro model. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-06-12 · retrieved 2026-09-05T09:00:33Z
- A subclade-associated genomic deletion encompassing vraDEH confers increased susceptibility to nisin A and bacitracin in Staphylococcus aureus CC121. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-06-19 · retrieved 2026-09-05T09:00:33Z
- Synergistic anticancer activity of antimicrobial peptide nisin and doxorubicin against breast cancer cells via modulation of membrane permeability. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-01-01 · retrieved 2026-09-05T09:00:33Z
- The role of the antimicrobial peptide nisin as a clean label food preservative. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-08-01 · retrieved 2026-08-28T12:35:21Z
- Metabolic profiling and microbiological evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus in a poly-microbial system in soft white cheese. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-07-04 · retrieved 2026-09-05T09:00:33Z
- A transcription Factor-sRNA cascade enhances acid tolerance in Lactococcus lactis by rewiring arginine metabolism. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-12-01 · retrieved 2026-08-28T12:35:21Z
- Enhanced antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of PEGylated niosomes co-loaded with nisin and ZnO nanoparticles against VRSA and ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-07-16 · retrieved 2026-09-05T09:00:33Z
- Fabrication and investigation of chitosan/PVA and chitosan/PVA/nisin nanofibers via electrospinning as potential wound dressing agents. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-07-17 · retrieved 2026-09-05T09:00:33Z
- Association of D-limonene and nisin: the action on vegetative cells and spores of Alicyclobacillus spp. in processed orange juice. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-07-24 · retrieved 2026-09-05T09:00:33Z
- Promotion of nisin production by integrating rare earth salt stimulation and foam separation with fermentation system. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-01-01 · retrieved 2026-09-05T09:00:33Z
- The "One-Two Punch": A conceptual analysis of nisin and lysozyme synergy against Listeria monocytogenes biofilms and their dependence on environmental factors. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-08-26 · retrieved 2026-08-28T12:35:21Z
- Effects of a Nanoparticle-Loaded PVA/SPI Pad on Microbial Proliferation and Quality Characteristics of Superchilled Pork. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-08-14 · retrieved 2026-09-05T09:00:33Z
- Impact of Nisin on Growth Inhibition and Biofilm Formation Capacity ofListeria monocytogenes. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-08-17 · retrieved 2026-09-05T09:00:33Z
- A tetrahedral framework nucleic acid-based co-delivery platform enhances the antibacterial activity of nisin and quercetin against MRSA. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-08-31 · retrieved 2026-09-05T09:00:33Z
- Bioengineering and physicochemical optimization of ergothioneine production by Aspergillus oryzae. ↗
pubmed · published 2026-09-04 · retrieved 2026-09-05T09:00:33Z
- Nisin as a model food preservative. ↗
pubmed · published 1994-01-01 · retrieved 2026-09-09T18:03:03Z
- Structure-activity relationships in the peptide antibiotic nisin: antibacterial activity of fragments of nisin. ↗
pubmed · published 1996-07-22 · retrieved 2026-09-09T18:03:02Z
Publication history and provenance
Version 2 · Automated assessment · 2026-09-09T22:29:05Z
c441ff1cad099a9352dc3525865ab7539111a4bc279404c86a031ac0946c4835